Grammar parses for passage 3.11.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐπιφανέστατον δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν ἣν στοὰν Περσικὴν ὀνομάζουσιν ἀπὸ λαφύρων ποιηθεῖσαν τῶν Μηδικῶν·
The sentence has an elliptical copular construction: ἐπιφανέστατον agrees substantivally with the feminine στοά understood as the predicative subject, while ἣν στοὰν ... ὀνομάζουσιν is a relative clause with fronted object ἣν resumed/appositionally specified by στοὰν. ποιηθεῖσαν modifies στοὰν and τῶν Μηδικῶν depends on λαφύρων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιφανέστατον | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-Superl-Nom/Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Neuter singular is substantival/predicative in an elliptical copular construction; agreement with feminine στοά is not overt. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-G-F-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-G-F-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | obl | high | Partitive/locative genitive: 'of the agora'. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; subject/predicative nominal is structurally elliptical. |
| 6 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | PRel-A-F-Sg-Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 9 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Fronted relative object, referring to the feminine στοά understood and specified by token 7. |
| 7 | στοὰν | στοά | NOUN | N-A-F-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὀνομάζουσιν | appos | medium | Appositional noun clarifying the referent of ἣν; also the understood feminine subject/predicate of the main clause. |
| 8 | Περσικὴν | Περσικός | ADJ | A-Acc-F-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 στοὰν | amod | high | |
| 9 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; subject is an implicit plural 'they'. |
| 10 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 λαφύρων | case | high | |
| 11 | λαφύρων | λάφυρον | NOUN | N-G-Neut-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ποιηθεῖσαν | obl | high | Genitive object of ἀπό, indicating source/material. |
| 12 | ποιηθεῖσαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-Aor-Pass-Part-Acc-F-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 στοὰν | acl | high | Aorist passive participle modifying στοὰν. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-G-Neut-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 Μηδικῶν | det | high | |
| 14 | Μηδικῶν | Μηδικός | ADJ | A-G-Neut-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 λαφύρων | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the Median [spoils]'. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ αὐτὴν ἐς μέγεθος τὸ νῦν καὶ ἐς κόσμον τὸν παρόντα μεταβεβλήκασιν.
The subject is an understood third-person plural; μεταβεβλήκασιν governs αὐτήν, with two coordinated ἐς-phrases expressing change into its present size and adornment. ἀνά with χρόνον is temporal and is analyzed as an accusative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 χρόνον | case | high | Temporal preposition governing accusative χρόνον. |
| 2 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | medium | Temporal accusative with ἀνά. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obj | high | Direct object of μεταβεβλήκασιν. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 μέγεθος | case | high | Preposition governing accusative μέγεθος. |
| 6 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | high | First destination/result phrase with ἐς. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μέγεθος | det | high | Article with νῦν, substantivizing the temporal expression. |
| 8 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 μέγεθος | nmod | medium | Temporal adverb used substantivally, modifying μέγεθος. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐς-phrases. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 11 κόσμον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative κόσμον. |
| 11 | κόσμον | κόσμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | high | Second destination/result phrase with ἐς. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρόντα | det | high | Article introducing attributive παρόντα. |
| 13 | παρόντα | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 κόσμον | acl | high | Present active participle, attributive: the existing/current κόσμος. |
| 14 | μεταβεβλήκασιν | μεταβάλλω | VERB | V-RIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite perfect active verb; subject is understood third-person plural. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | punct | high |
πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Ἀρτεμισία, θυγάτηρ μὲν Λυγδάμιδος, ἐβασίλευσε δὲ Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ·
The first verb is a perfect middle/passive form, probably impersonal or with an understood subject; Ἀρτεμισία is the nominative subject of ἐβασίλευσε, while θυγάτηρ ... is an appositional nominal phrase and Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ is a genitive of domain/rule.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-3PIM/P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive; syntactically difficult with following subject construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D | _ | 1 πεποίηται | advmod | high | Adverbial connective/intensifier. |
| 4 | Ἀρτεμισία | Ἀρτεμισία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 θυγάτηρ | punct | high | |
| 6 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρτεμισία | appos | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 8 Λυγδάμιδος | case | high | Correlative particle introducing the first member of μέν ... δέ. |
| 8 | Λυγδάμιδος | Λύγδαμις | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 θυγάτηρ | nmod:poss | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 θυγάτηρ | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐβασίλευσε | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-3SIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηται | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is Ἀρτεμισία. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν at token 7. |
| 12 | Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ | Ἁλικαρνασσός | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | obl | high | Genitive with βασιλεύω, denoting the realm ruled. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | punct | high |
ταύτην φασὶν ἑκουσίως ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα συστρατεῦσαι Ξέρξῃ καὶ ἔργα ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ περὶ Σαλαμῖνα ἀποδείξασθαι.
Accusative ταύτην is the subject of the infinitival clause with συστρατεῦσαι and ἀποδείξασθαι; φασίν introduces reported speech. Ξέρξῃ is dative of association/service with συστρατεῦσαι. περὶ Σαλαμῖνα is a local expression, with Σαλαμῖνα accusative after περὶ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD-AF-S3 | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 2 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite reporting verb governing the infinitival clause. |
| 3 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | D | _ | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying συστρατεῦσαι. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 6 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν Ἑλλάδα. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | obl | high | Goal/direction complement of συστρατεῦσαι with ἐπί. |
| 7 | συστρατεῦσαι | συστρατεύω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 2 φασὶν | ccomp | high | First infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 8 | Ξέρξῃ | Ξέρξης | PROPN | N-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | obl | medium | Dative of association or service: ‘with/for Xerxes’. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 ἀποδείξασθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with the first. |
| 10 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-AP-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποδείξασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀποδείξασθαι. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 13 ναυμαχίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | DDFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ναυμαχίᾳ | det | high | |
| 13 | ναυμαχίᾳ | ναυμαχία | NOUN | N-DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποδείξασθαι | obl | high | Setting of the displayed deeds. |
| 14 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R | _ | 15 Σαλαμῖνα | case | high | Preposition in the local phrase περὶ Σαλαμῖνα. |
| 15 | Σαλαμῖνα | Σαλαμίς | PROPN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ναυμαχίᾳ | nmod | medium | Accusative after περὶ; local expression ‘around Salamis’. |
| 16 | ἀποδείξασθαι | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-AON-M | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive; subject is understood ταύτην. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 φασὶν | punct | high |