Grammar parses for passage 3.11.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐπιφανέστατον δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν ἣν στοὰν Περσικὴν ὀνομάζουσιν ἀπὸ λαφύρων ποιηθεῖσαν τῶν Μηδικῶν·
The main clause is elliptical, with ἐπιφανέστατον ἐστιν; the relative clause ἣν ... ὀνομάζουσιν contains the substantive phrase στοὰν Περσικὴν as its object, and ποιηθεῖσαν introduces an additional participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιφανέστατον | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-NSN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | root | high | Predicate adjective with implied ἐστίν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | Article with ἀγορᾶς. |
| 4 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-SFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπιφανέστατον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of the superlative adjective. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἐπιφανέστατον | cop | high | Copula. |
| 6 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 9 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to στοάν. |
| 7 | στοὰν | στοά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Antecedent within the relative clause. |
| 8 | Περσικὴν | Περσικός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 στοὰν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying στοάν. |
| 9 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-3PPAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἐπιφανέστατον | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause verb. |
| 10 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 λαφύρων | case | high | Preposition governing λαφύρων. |
| 11 | λαφύρων | λάφυρον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ποιηθεῖσαν | obl | medium | Likely genitive complement of ποιηθεῖσαν / source phrase with ἀπό. |
| 12 | ποιηθεῖσαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-APASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 στοὰν | acl | high | Participial modifier of στοάν. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 Μηδικῶν | det | high | Article with Μηδικῶν. |
| 14 | Μηδικῶν | Μηδικός | ADJ | A-PGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 λαφύρων | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying λαφύρων. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπιφανέστατον | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ αὐτὴν ἐς μέγεθος τὸ νῦν καὶ ἐς κόσμον τὸν παρόντα μεταβεβλήκασιν.
The phrase ἀνὰ χρόνον is adverbial, and τὸ νῦν is treated as an appositive/attributive expression with some uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | _ | _ | 2 χρόνον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 2 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | high | Accusative object of preposition ἀνά. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obj | medium | Likely direct object of μεταβεβλήκασιν. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 μέγεθος | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐς. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 νῦν | det | high | Article modifying νῦν. |
| 8 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | _ | _ | 6 μέγεθος | amod | low | Likely substantivized/adjectival use in apposition to μέγεθος; syntax uncertain. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 11 κόσμον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 11 | κόσμον | κόσμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐς. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 παρόντα | det | high | Article modifying παρόντα. |
| 13 | παρόντα | παρών | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 κόσμον | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying κόσμον. |
| 14 | μεταβεβλήκασιν | μεταβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 μεταβεβλήκασιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
εἰσὶ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν κιόνων Πέρσαι λίθου λευκοῦ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ Μαρδόνιος ὁ Γωβρύου.
The syntax is a nominal/existential clause with multiple coordinated nominative references; ἐπὶ τῶν κιόνων is a locative prepositional phrase modifying the clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-3P-PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb; root of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 5 κιόνων | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-AP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 κιόνων | det | high | Article modifying κιόνων. |
| 5 | κιόνων | κίων | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί; genitive with location/position sense. |
| 6 | Πέρσαι | Πέρσης | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Main nominative subject coordinated with ἄλλοι and Μαρδόνιος. |
| 7 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 λευκοῦ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive modifying λευκοῦ. |
| 8 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Πέρσαι | amod | medium | Genitive adjective; likely part of a descriptive genitive phrase with λίθου, though exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἄλλοι | cc | high | Links coordinated nominal elements. |
| 10 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Πέρσαι | conj | high | Coordinated with Πέρσαι. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 Μαρδόνιος | cc | high | Links another coordinated noun phrase. |
| 12 | Μαρδόνιος | Μαρδόνιος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Πέρσαι | conj | high | Third coordinated subject-like element. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Γωβρύου | det | high | Article with patronymic/genitive modifier. |
| 14 | Γωβρύου | Γωβρύης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Μαρδόνιος | nmod | medium | Genitive of parentage; lemma normalized as nominative name. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Ἀρτεμισία, θυγάτηρ μὲν Λυγδάμιδος, ἐβασίλευσε δὲ Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ·
The sentence has two coordinated predicates with Ἀρτεμισία as shared topic/subject; θυγάτηρ μὲν Λυγδάμιδος is an appositive parenthesis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-PRF-MP-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ἀρτεμισία | cc | medium | Likely coordinates Ἀρτεμισία with omitted subject/topic continuation. |
| 4 | Ἀρτεμισία | Ἀρτεμισία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Femininine|Number=Singular | 1 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | Subject of πεποίηται. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἀρτεμισία | punct | high | Comma. |
| 6 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 Ἀρτεμισία | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀρτεμισία. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 θυγάτηρ | discourse | high | Correlative particle introducing parenthetic apposition. |
| 8 | Λυγδάμιδος | Λυγδάμις | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 θυγάτηρ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of θυγάτηρ. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 θυγάτηρ | punct | high | Comma. |
| 10 | ἐβασίλευσε | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 πεποίηται | conj | high | Second main predicate coordinated to πεποίηται. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ | Ἁλικαρνασσός | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | obl | medium | Likely locative/genitive with ἐβασίλευσε; form is genitive of place. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
ταύτην φασὶν ἑκουσίως ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα συστρατεῦσαι Ξέρξῃ καὶ ἔργα ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ περὶ Σαλαμῖνα ἀποδείξασθαι.
Indirect statement with φασίν governing two coordinated infinitival complements; the second infinitive is linked by καί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | obj | high | Object of the first infinitive. |
| 2 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 3 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | D | _ | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying συστρατεῦσαι. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 6 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | EA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article with Ἑλλάδα. |
| 6 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐπὶ. |
| 7 | συστρατεῦσαι | συστρατεύω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 2 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασὶν. |
| 8 | Ξέρξῃ | Ξέρξης | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | iobj | high | Dative argument of συστρατεῦσαι. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 συστρατεῦσαι | cc | high | Connects coordinated infinitives. |
| 10 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποδείξασθαι | obj | medium | Object of ἀποδείξασθαι. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 13 ναυμαχίᾳ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | EA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ναυμαχίᾳ | det | high | Article with ναυμαχίᾳ. |
| 13 | ναυμαχίᾳ | ναυμαχία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποδείξασθαι | obl | high | Temporal/local oblique with ἐν. |
| 14 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R | _ | 15 Σαλαμῖνα | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 15 | Σαλαμῖνα | Σαλαμίς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποδείξασθαι | obl | high | Oblique phrase with περὶ. |
| 16 | ἀποδείξασθαι | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-AMN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 2 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Second infinitival complement of φασὶν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 φασὶν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |