Grammar parses for passage 3.11.4
Open translation for this passage
ναοὶ δέ εἰσιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς Καίσαρος, ὃς μοναρχίας πρῶτος ἐν Ῥωμαίοις ἐπεθύμησεν καὶ ἀρχὴν τὴν καθεστηκυῖαν πρῶτος ἐκτήσατο, ὁ δὲ Αὐγούστῳ πεποίηται παιδὶ ἐκείνου τήν τε βασιλείαν βεβαιωσαμένῳ μᾶλλον καὶ ἀξιώματος καὶ δυνάμεως ἐς πλέον ἢ ὁ πατήρ οἱ προελθόντι·
The second clause is textually difficult: ὁ ... Αὐγούστῳ πεποίηται is treated as a passive/perfect construction with dative participant, while παιδί and the following participles are coordinated/complementary descriptions; οἱ is taken as a dative pronoun referring to the father and προελθόντι as its agreeing participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ναοὶ | ναός | NOUN | N--PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἀγορᾶς | case | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 εἰσιν | obl | high | |
| 7 | Καίσαρος | Καῖσαρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 εἰσιν | nmod | high | Possibly appositional to ναοί: temples of Caesar. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 ὃς | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-RNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπεθύμησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | μοναρχίας | μοναρχία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπεθύμησεν | obj | medium | Genitive object of ἐπιθυμέω. |
| 11 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπεθύμησεν | advmod | high | Predicative/superlative adverbial. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Ῥωμαίοις | case | high | |
| 13 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπεθύμησεν | obl | high | People-name used substantivally. |
| 14 | ἐπεθύμησεν | ἐπιθυμέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 20 ἐκτήσατο | acl:relcl | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἐκτήσατο | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐκτήσατο | obj | high | |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 καθεστηκυῖαν | det | high | |
| 18 | καθεστηκυῖαν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἀρχὴν | amod | high | Perfect active participle, established/existing. |
| 19 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐκτήσατο | advmod | high | Adverbial first. |
| 20 | ἐκτήσατο | κτάομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 3 εἰσιν | conj | high | Coordinates with the relative-clause verb. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 22 ὁ | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | nsubj | medium | Article used substantivally; subject of πεποίηται. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 24 | Αὐγούστῳ | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | iobj | medium | Dative participant/agent in the difficult passive construction. |
| 25 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 3 εἰσιν | conj | low | Form and syntax are difficult; parsed as perfect middle/passive, with ὁ as subject. |
| 26 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | obl | low | Likely dative complement/apposition, but exact construction is uncertain. |
| 27 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 παιδὶ | nmod:poss | high | |
| 28 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 βασιλείαν | det | high | |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 βασιλείαν | cc | high | |
| 30 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 βεβαιωσαμένῳ | obj | high | |
| 31 | βεβαιωσαμένῳ | βεβαιόω | VERB | V-AMP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 26 παιδὶ | acl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with παιδί, with βασιλείαν as object. |
| 32 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | D | Degree=Cmp | 31 βεβαιωσαμένῳ | advmod | high | |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ἀξιώματος | cc | high | |
| 34 | ἀξιώματος | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 πλέον | nmod | medium | Genitive in comparative construction. |
| 35 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 δυνάμεως | cc | high | |
| 36 | δυνάμεως | δύναμις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἀξιώματος | conj | medium | Coordinated genitive with ἀξιώματος. |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 38 πλέον | case | high | |
| 38 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 βεβαιωσαμένῳ | obl | medium | Comparative extent phrase, ἐς πλέον. |
| 39 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 πλέον | mark | high | Introduces comparative standard. |
| 40 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 πατήρ | det | high | |
| 41 | πατήρ | πατήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 προελθόντι | nsubj | medium | Subject of the participle προελθόντι in the comparative clause. |
| 42 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 προελθόντι | iobj | low | Dative pronoun, likely referring to the son/participant; form may be textually problematic. |
| 43 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 πλέον | advcl | low | Dative participle; agreement and attachment are uncertain in the transmitted wording. |
| 44 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 εἰσιν | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ἦν τούτῳ Αὔγουστος, ὃ κατὰ γλῶσσαν δύναται τὴν Ἑλλήνων σεβαστός.
The relative clause explains Αὔγουστος: ὃ is a neuter nominative/accusative relative referring to the name, while κατὰ γλῶσσαν τὴν Ἑλλήνων modifies δύναται; σεβαστός is a predicate adjective with understood nominative subject ὃ. The dative τούτῳ is possessive with ἦν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ὄνομα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἦν | obl | medium | Possessive dative, ‘for/of this man’; antecedent is understood from context. |
| 6 | Αὔγουστος | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with copular ἦν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | R-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 σεβαστός | nsubj | medium | Neuter relative referring to ὄνομα/Αὔγουστος; nominative is required with understood copular predicate. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 10 γλῶσσαν | case | high | |
| 10 | γλῶσσαν | γλῶσσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 δύναται | obl | high | Object of κατά in the sense ‘according to/in the language’. |
| 11 | δύναται | δύναμαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 14 σεβαστός | advcl | medium | Relative-clause verb; idiomatically ‘can mean/is capable of meaning’. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 γλῶσσαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γλῶσσαν: ‘the language of the Greeks’. |
| 14 | σεβαστός | σεβαστός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 δύναται | xcomp | low | Form is masculine nominative, agreeing semantically with Αὔγουστος/its referent rather than neuter ὄνομα; predicate of an implicit copula, with δύναται understood as ‘means/is equivalent to’. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high |