Grammar parses for passage 3.11.6
Open translation for this passage
Τισαμενῷ δὲ ὄντι Ἠλείῳ τῶν Ἰαμιδῶν λόγιον ἐγένετο ἀγῶνας ἀναιρήσεσθαι πέντε ἐπιφανεστάτους αὐτόν.
The dative participial phrase Τισαμενῷ ... ὄντι Ἠλείῳ is an absolute-like frame; λόγιον is the subject of ἐγένετο, with ἀγῶνας as the accusative subject of the infinitive ἀναιρήσεσθαι and αὐτόν referring to Tisamenus. The transmitted wording is syntactically compressed, so attachment of αὐτόν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τισαμενῷ | Τισαμενής | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὄντι | obl | high | Dative proper name; participant in the dative participial frame. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὄντι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐγένετο | advcl | medium | Dative present participle in a circumstantial/absolute-like phrase. |
| 4 | Ἠλείῳ | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-DSM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὄντι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί, agreeing with Τισαμενῷ. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἰαμιδῶν | det | high | Article with the patronymic/genitive plural. |
| 6 | Ἰαμιδῶν | Ἰαμίδαι | PROPN | N-GPM---P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Τισαμενῷ | nmod | high | Genitive plural, identifying Tisamenus as one of the Iamids. |
| 7 | λόγιον | λόγιον | NOUN | N-NSN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of ἐγένετο, ‘oracle/prophecy’. |
| 8 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative, ‘came to pass/was given’. |
| 9 | ἀγῶνας | ἀγών | NOUN | N-APM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀναιρήσεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 10 | ἀναιρήσεσθαι | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-FNM-I--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 λόγιον | ccomp | medium | Future middle infinitive, dependent on λόγιον; the accusative ἀγῶνας functions as its subject. |
| 11 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 9 ἀγῶνας | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying ἀγῶνας. |
| 12 | ἐπιφανεστάτους | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-APM-S-- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀγῶνας | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ἀγῶνας. |
| 13 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAM---3 | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 ἀναιρήσεσθαι | obj | low | Likely accusative object of ἀναιρήσεσθαι, ‘him’; attachment is uncertain in the compressed transmitted syntax. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὕτω πένταθλον Ὀλυμπίασιν ἀσκήσας ἀπῆλθεν ἡττηθείς, καίτοι τὰ δύο γε ἦν πρῶτος· καὶ γὰρ δρόμῳ τε ἐκράτει καὶ πηδήματι Ἱερώνυμον τὸν Ἄνδριον.
The sentence has a main clause with circumstantial participles ἀσκήσας and ἡττηθείς; τὰ δύο is an elliptical accusative of respect (‘in the two events’), with ἦν understood as copula. The final clause coordinates two instrumental datives under ἐκράτει, with τὸν Ἄνδριον as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἀσκήσας | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πένταθλον | πένταθλον | NOUN | N-AMS---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἀσκήσας | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀσκήσας. |
| 3 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Ne----Dp | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἀσκήσας | obl | high | Locative plural form. |
| 4 | ἀσκήσας | ἀσκέω | VERB | VPAANMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀπῆλθεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the subject of ἀπῆλθεν. |
| 5 | ἀπῆλθεν | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἡττηθείς | ἡττάω | VERB | VPAPPMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 ἀπῆλθεν | advcl | high | Predicative/circumstantial passive participle, ‘having been defeated’. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπῆλθεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | καίτοι | καίτοι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἦν | advmod | high | Concessive connective adverb. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 δύο | det | high | |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἦν | obl | medium | Substantivized numeral with τὰ; elliptical accusative of respect, ‘in the two events’. |
| 11 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 12 ἦν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 12 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἀπῆλθεν | parataxis | medium | Copula with predicate πρῶτος; subject is implicit athlete. |
| 13 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-S---MS | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective of ἦν. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἐκράτει | cc | high | |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἐκράτει | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 17 | δρόμῳ | δρόμος | NOUN | N-DSM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐκράτει | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἐκράτει | cc | high | Correlative first member with καί at token 20. |
| 19 | ἐκράτει | κρατέω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἦν | parataxis | high | Explanatory coordinated clause. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἐκράτει | cc | high | Second member of τε...καί. |
| 21 | πηδήματι | πήδημα | NOUN | N-DSN---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐκράτει | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 22 | Ἱερώνυμον | Ἱερώνυμος | PROPN | N-AS----M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐκράτει | obj | high | |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἄνδριον | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἄνδριον | Ἄνδριος | PROPN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ἱερώνυμον | appos | high | Ethnic/name apposition specifying Ἱερώνυμον. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐκράτει | punct | high |
καταπαλαισθεὶς δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἁμαρτὼν τῆς νίκης συνίησι τοῦ χρησμοῦ, διδόναι οἱ τὸν θεὸν μαντευομένῳ πέντε ἀγῶνας πολέμῳ κρατῆσαι.
The subject is implicit from context (likely the defeated athlete); καταπαλαισθείς and ἁμαρτών are coordinated circumstantial aorist participles. συνίησι takes τοῦ χρησμοῦ, while διδόναι is an infinitive in explanatory/content relation, with θεόν as its subject and οἱ/μαντευομένῳ referring to the recipient; πολέμῳ is instrumental with κρατῆσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταπαλαισθεὶς | καταπαλαίω | VERB | V-APP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 9 συνίησι | advcl | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 συνίησι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ὑπό. |
| 4 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 1 καταπαλαισθεὶς | obl:agent | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἁμαρτὼν | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἁμαρτὼν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 9 συνίησι | advcl | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 8 νίκης | det | high | |
| 8 | νίκης | νίκη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 6 ἁμαρτὼν | obj | high | Genitive with ἁμαρτών, ‘miss/fail of victory’. |
| 9 | συνίησι | συνίημι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 11 χρησμοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | χρησμοῦ | χρησμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 9 συνίησι | obj | high | Genitive object/complement of συνίημι. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 συνίησι | punct | high | |
| 13 | διδόναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 χρησμοῦ | acl | medium | Infinitive explains the content of the oracle understood. |
| 14 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 13 διδόναι | iobj | medium | Dative recipient; form homographic with article. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 16 θεὸν | det | high | |
| 16 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 13 διδόναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive διδόναι. |
| 17 | μαντευομένῳ | μαντεύομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Pres|Voice=Middle | 14 οἱ | acl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with the recipient; likely ‘to him consulting the oracle’. |
| 18 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | A-NUI | NumType=Card | 19 ἀγῶνας | nummod | high | |
| 19 | ἀγῶνας | ἀγών | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 21 κρατῆσαι | obj | high | |
| 20 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 21 κρατῆσαι | obl | medium | Instrumental/means dative: ‘to prevail by war’. |
| 21 | κρατῆσαι | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 19 ἀγῶνας | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complementary to ἀγῶνας: prevail in five contests by war. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 συνίησι | punct | high |