Grammar parses for passage 3.12.10
Open translation for this passage
ἑτέρα δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν ἔξοδος, καθʼ ἣν πεποίηταί σφισιν ἡ καλουμένη Σκιάς, ἔνθα καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐκκλησιάζουσι.
ἔνθα introduces a locative relative clause dependent on Σκιάς; ἐκκλησιάζουσι has an unexpressed plural subject. πεποίηταί is analyzed as perfect middle/passive with Σκιάς as its syntactic subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑτέρα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔξοδος | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔξοδος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἀγορᾶς | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔξοδος | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἔξοδος | cop | high | |
| 7 | ἔξοδος | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔξοδος | punct | high | |
| 9 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἣν | case | high | Crasis/elision form of κατά. |
| 10 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πεποίηταί | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by καθά/κατά; feminine singular accusative. |
| 11 | πεποίηταί | ποιέω | VERB | V3RPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἔξοδος | acl:relcl | medium | Perfect middle/passive form; impersonal/passive construction with Σκιάς as nominative subject. |
| 12 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DDP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 11 πεποίηταί | iobj | high | |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 καλουμένη | det | high | |
| 14 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V-PMPNSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 Σκιάς | acl | high | Attributive participle, ‘called/named’. |
| 15 | Σκιάς | Σκιάς | PROPN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πεποίηταί | nsubj:pass | medium | Proper place-name; syntactic subject of the passive/middle perfect. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεποίηταί | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 21 ἐκκλησιάζουσι | advmod | high | Relative adverb referring to Σκιάς. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐκκλησιάζουσι | advmod | high | Focus/additive adverb, ‘also/even’. |
| 19 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐκκλησιάζουσι | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐκκλησιάζουσι | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἐκκλησιάζουσι | ἐκκλησιάζω | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 πεποίηταί | advcl | medium | Finite relative/locative clause with omitted plural subject referring to the inhabitants/people. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐκκλησιάζουσι | punct | high |
ταύτην τὴν Σκιάδα Θεοδώρου τοῦ Σαμίου φασὶν εἶναι ποίημα, ὃς πρῶτος διαχέαι σίδηρον εὗρε καὶ ἀγάλματα ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ πλάσαι.
Accusative ταύτην τὴν Σκιάδα is the subject of the infinitive εἶναι in an accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by φασίν; Θεοδώρου is a genitive possessor/author, and ὃς introduces a relative clause whose subject is Θεόδωρος. The infinitives διαχέαι and πλάσαι are coordinated complements of εὗρε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | pdaf-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Σκιάδα | det | high | |
| 2 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | lafa-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Σκιάδα | det | high | |
| 3 | Σκιάδα | σκιάς | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 4 | Θεοδώρου | Θεόδωρος | PROPN | ne---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποίημα | nmod | high | Genitive of author/possessor with ποίημα. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | lmgm-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Σαμίου | det | high | |
| 6 | Σαμίου | Σάμιος | PROPN | ae---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Θεοδώρου | appos | high | Ethnic name in apposition to Θεοδώρου. |
| 7 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | v---ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασίν. |
| 9 | ποίημα | ποίημα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative expected semantically; surface form is neuter nominative/accusative syncretic. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | pr---mn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 15 εὗρε | nsubj | high | Relative subject, referring to Θεόδωρος. |
| 12 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 διαχέαι | advmod | high | Predicative/supplementary adjective meaning first. |
| 13 | διαχέαι | διαχέω | VERB | v---ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 εὗρε | xcomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated semantically with πλάσαι; exact attachment under εὗρε is somewhat elliptical. |
| 14 | σίδηρον | σίδηρος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 διαχέαι | obj | high | |
| 15 | εὗρε | εὑρίσκω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ὃς | acl:relcl | high | Finite predicate of the relative clause. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 πλάσαι | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 πλάσαι | obj | high | |
| 18 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 19 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 19 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | p---mg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 πλάσαι | obl | high | Source/material complement: from it. |
| 20 | πλάσαι | πλάσσω | VERB | v---ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 εὗρε | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement coordinated with διαχέαι. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φασὶν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα ἐκρέμασαν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὴν Τιμοθέου τοῦ Μιλησίου κιθάραν, καταγνόντες ὅτι χορδαῖς ἑπτὰ ταῖς ἀρχαίαις ἐφεῦρεν ἐν τῇ κιθαρῳδίᾳ τέσσαρας χορδάς.
The ὅτι clause is a complement of καταγνόντες; Τιμόθεος is the understood subject of ἐφεῦρεν, while χορδαῖς ἑπτά (with ταῖς ἀρχαίαις) is instrumental and τέσσαρας χορδάς is the object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 ἐκρέμασαν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἐκρέμασαν | ἐκκρεμάννυμι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist form; lexical lemma convention varies between κρεμάννυμι and ἐκκρεμάννυμι. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἐκρέμασαν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κιθάραν | det | high | |
| 6 | Τιμοθέου | Τιμόθεος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κιθάραν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Μιλησίου | det | high | |
| 8 | Μιλησίου | Μιλήσιος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Τιμοθέου | appos | high | |
| 9 | κιθάραν | κιθάρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἐκρέμασαν | obj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἐκρέμασαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καταγνόντες | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 2 ἐκρέμασαν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, circumstantial and coreferential with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐφεῦρεν | mark | high | |
| 13 | χορδαῖς | χορδή | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἐφεῦρεν | obl | medium | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 14 | ἑπτὰ | ἑπτά | NUM | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 13 χορδαῖς | nummod | high | |
| 15 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἀρχαίαις | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀρχαίαις | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 χορδαῖς | amod | high | Attributive adjective with ταῖς ...; elliptical χορδαῖς. |
| 17 | ἐφεῦρεν | ἐφευρίσκω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 11 καταγνόντες | ccomp | high | Subject is Τιμόθεος, understood from the genitive possessor. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 κιθαρῳδίᾳ | case | high | |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κιθαρῳδίᾳ | det | high | |
| 20 | κιθαρῳδίᾳ | κιθαρῳδία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐφεῦρεν | obl | high | |
| 21 | τέσσαρας | τέσσαρες | NUM | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 22 χορδάς | nummod | high | |
| 22 | χορδάς | χορδή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἐφεῦρεν | obj | high | |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἐκρέμασαν | punct | high |