Grammar parses for passage 3.12.4
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ἐσπλέοντες φορτίων φασὶν Ἑλληνικῶν τοὺς Ἰνδοὺς ἀγώγιμα ἄλλα ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι, νόμισμα δὲ οὐκ ἐπίστασθαι, καὶ ταῦτα χρυσοῦ τε ἀφθόνου καὶ χαλκοῦ παρόντος σφίσι.
The syntax is elliptical in the final clause: ταῦτα is best taken with the participial phrase χρυσοῦ τε ἀφθόνου καὶ χαλκοῦ παρόντος σφίσι, expressing the circumstances under which the Indians do these things.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐσπλέοντες | nsubj | high | Articular subject of ἐσπλέοντες. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐσπλέοντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ἐσπλέοντες | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν Ἰνδικὴν. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἰνδικὴν | det | high | Article with Ἰνδικὴν. |
| 5 | Ἰνδικὴν | Ἰνδική | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐσπλέοντες | obl | high | Object of motion with ἐς. |
| 6 | ἐσπλέοντες | ἐσπλέω | VERB | Ptcp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 φασὶν | nsubj | high | Participial subject of φασίν. |
| 7 | φορτίων | φορτίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 φασὶν | obj | medium | Likely genitive with φασίν in the sense 'they say of cargoes'; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 8 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | PRES | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | Ἑλληνικῶν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 φορτίων | amod | high | Modifies φορτίων. |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Ἰνδοὺς | det | high | Article with Ἰνδοὺς. |
| 11 | Ἰνδοὺς | Ἰνδός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι. |
| 12 | ἀγώγιμα | ἀγώγιμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἄλλα | amod | high | Modifies ἄλλα. |
| 13 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι | obj | high | Object/accusative complement with mutual-exchange infinitive. |
| 14 | ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι | ἀνταλλάσσω | VERB | INF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive under φασίν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | νόμισμα | νόμισμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπίστασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἐπίστασθαι. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 ἐπίστασθαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 19 ἐπίστασθαι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 19 | ἐπίστασθαι | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | INF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive under φασίν. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 φασὶν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction introducing additional content. |
| 22 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 8 φασὶν | obj | medium | Likely object or internal accusative with the following circumstance; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 23 | χρυσοῦ | χρυσός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀφθόνου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παρόντος. |
| 24 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 25 ἀφθόνου | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 25 | ἀφθόνου | ἀφθόνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 παρόντος | amod | high | Agrees with χρυσοῦ. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 χρυσοῦ | cc | medium | Coordination within the genitive phrase. |
| 27 | χαλκοῦ | χαλκός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 παρόντος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παρόντος. |
| 28 | παρόντος | πάρειμι | VERB | Ptcp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ταῦτα | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle modifying the clause with ταῦτα; construction somewhat compressed. |
| 29 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 28 παρόντος | obl | high | Dative with παρόντος / implicit possession or advantage. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦ δὲ τῶν Βιδιαίων ἀρχείου πέραν ἐστὶν Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν· Ὀδυσσεὺς δὲ ἱδρύσασθαι τὸ ἄγαλμα λέγεται καὶ ὀνομάσαι Κελεύθειαν, τοὺς Πηνελόπης μνηστῆρας τῷ δρόμῳ νικήσας.
Two clauses: first an existential locative with πέραν, then a reported action of Ὀδυσσεύς with infinitival complements and a participial circumstance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀρχείου | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχείου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Βιδιαίων | det | high | Article modifying Βιδιαίων. |
| 4 | Βιδιαίων | Βιδιαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀρχείου | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀρχείου. |
| 5 | ἀρχείου | ἀρχεῖον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πέραν | nmod | high | Dependent of πέραν in the locative phrase. |
| 6 | πέραν | πέραν | ADV | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | Adverbial/postpositional marker of location. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Possibly genitive of dedication/possession with ἱερόν. |
| 9 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 11 | Ὀδυσσεὺς | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 λέγεται | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγεται. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 16 λέγεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | ἱδρύσασθαι | ἱδρύω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 16 λέγεται | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγεται. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 15 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἱδρύσασθαι | obj | high | Object of infinitive ἱδρύσασθαι. |
| 16 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the reported second clause. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ὀνομάσαι | cc | high | Connects coordinated infinitives. |
| 18 | ὀνομάσαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 λέγεται | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive with ἱδρύσασθαι. |
| 19 | Κελεύθειαν | Κελευσθεία | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | Object of ὀνομάσαι. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 λέγεται | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 21 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 μνηστῆρας | det | high | Article modifying μνηστῆρας. |
| 22 | Πηνελόπης | Πηνελόπη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 μνηστῆρας | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μνηστῆρας. |
| 23 | μνηστῆρας | μνηστήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 νικήσας | obj | high | Object of participle νικήσας. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 δρόμῳ | det | high | Article modifying δρόμῳ. |
| 25 | δρόμῳ | δρόμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 νικήσας | obl | high | Dative of means with νικήσας. |
| 26 | νικήσας | νικάω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 λέγεται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of λέγεται. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 λέγεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἱδρύσατο δὲ τῆς Κελευθείας ἱερὰ ἀριθμῷ τρία διεστηκότα ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων.
The phrase ἀριθμῷ τρία is best taken as a measure/number expression, while διεστηκότα agrees with ἱερά; the syntax is slightly compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἱδρύσατο | ἱδρύω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PTC | _ | 1 ἱδρύσατο | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Κελευθείας | det | high | Article modifying Κελευθείας. |
| 4 | Κελευθείας | Κελεθεία | PROPN | N--FGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὰ | nmod | medium | Proper name in genitive; exact normalization uncertain. |
| 5 | ἱερὰ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἱδρύσατο | obj | high | Neuter plural substantive, object of ἱδρύσατο. |
| 6 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-SDSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἱδρύσατο | obl | medium | Dative of measure/number with τρία. |
| 7 | τρία | τρεῖς | NUM | NU-APN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 διεστηκότα | nsubj | medium | Predicative or subject-like agreement with διεστηκότα; analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | διεστηκότα | διίστημι | VERB | V-PRAP-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἱερὰ | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἱερά. |
| 9 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 10 ἀλλήλων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 10 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-APG- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 8 διεστηκότα | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἀπό. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἱδρύσατο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |