Grammar parses for passage 3.12.4
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ἐσπλέοντες φορτίων φασὶν Ἑλληνικῶν τοὺς Ἰνδοὺς ἀγώγιμα ἄλλα ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι, νόμισμα δὲ οὐκ ἐπίστασθαι, καὶ ταῦτα χρυσοῦ τε ἀφθόνου καὶ χαλκοῦ παρόντος σφίσι.
Main predicate φασίν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: τοὺς Ἰνδούς ... ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι and νόμισμα ... ἐπίστασθαι; φορτίων Ἑλληνικῶν is a genitive of the goods carried, while ταῦτα introduces the following genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐσπλέοντες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 8 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Ἰνδικὴν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἰνδικὴν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἰνδικὴν | Ἰνδική | PROPN | A--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐσπλέοντες | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘India’. |
| 6 | ἐσπλέοντες | ἐσπλέω | VERB | V-PPANPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 φασὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | φορτίων | φορτίον | NOUN | N-GPNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐσπλέοντες | obj | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐσπλέοντες, likely goods/cargo being carried. |
| 8 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | Ἑλληνικῶν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A--GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 φορτίων | amod | high | |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Ἰνδοὺς | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἰνδοὺς | Ἰνδός | PROPN | N--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 12 | ἀγώγιμα | ἀγώγιμος | ADJ | A--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἄλλα | amod | high | Substantival adjective, ‘things suitable for exchange/transport’. |
| 13 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | A--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 14 ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι | obj | high | Substantival neuter plural. |
| 14 | ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι | ἀνταλλάσσω | VERB | V-PNMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 8 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀνταλλάσσεσθαι | punct | high | |
| 16 | νόμισμα | νόμισμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπίστασθαι | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἐπίστασθαι, in a coordinated infinitival clause. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 19 ἐπίστασθαι | cc | high | |
| 18 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 19 ἐπίστασθαι | advmod | high | Negative particle before a vowel. |
| 19 | ἐπίστασθαι | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PNMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 8 φασὶν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; νόμισμα is its nominative subject. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐπίστασθαι | punct | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 22 ταῦτα | cc | high | |
| 22 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 28 παρόντος | nsubj | medium | Probably the subject of the following genitive absolute construction in an irregular/elliptical continuation; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 23 | χρυσοῦ | χρυσός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 παρόντος | obl | high | Genitive absolute constituent. |
| 24 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 25 ἀφθόνου | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἀφθόνου | ἄφθονος | ADJ | A--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 χρυσοῦ | amod | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 27 χαλκοῦ | cc | high | |
| 27 | χαλκοῦ | χαλκός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 παρόντος | obl | high | Coordinated with χρυσοῦ in the genitive absolute. |
| 28 | παρόντος | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 φασὶν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute predicate; singular masculine agreement is anomalous with the preceding neuter plural ταῦτα. |
| 29 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P---3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 28 παρόντος | obl | medium | Dative of possession/interest with παρόντος. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασὶν | punct | high |
τοῦ δὲ τῶν Βιδιαίων ἀρχείου πέραν ἐστὶν Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν· Ὀδυσσεὺς δὲ ἱδρύσασθαι τὸ ἄγαλμα λέγεται καὶ ὀνομάσαι Κελεύθειαν, τοὺς Πηνελόπης μνηστῆρας τῷ δρόμῳ νικήσας.
The passage contains two coordinated discourse units separated by a middle dot; λέγεται governs coordinated aorist infinitives, with Ὀδυσσεύς as their understood/raised subject and νικήσας as a circumstantial participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀρχείου | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 Βιδιαίων | det | high | |
| 4 | Βιδιαίων | Βιδιαῖοι | PROPN | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀρχείου | nmod | medium | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | ἀρχείου | ἀρχεῖον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πέραν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | πέραν | πέραν | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | Adverb with genitive complement. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερόν | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Predicate-location construction with εἰμί. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Ὀδυσσεὺς | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 λέγεται | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 λέγεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | ἱδρύσασθαι | ἱδρύω | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 λέγεται | xcomp | high | Infinitive in λέγεται construction. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 15 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἱδρύσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative expected semantically, but form is nominative/accusative syncretic. |
| 16 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second sentence root; passive impersonal/reporting construction. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὀνομάσαι | cc | high | |
| 18 | ὀνομάσαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 λέγεται | xcomp | high | Coordinated infinitive. |
| 19 | Κελεύθειαν | Κελεύθεια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 21 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 μνηστῆρας | det | high | |
| 22 | Πηνελόπης | Πηνελόπη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 μνηστῆρας | nmod | high | |
| 23 | μνηστῆρας | μνηστήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 νικήσας | obj | high | Object of νικήσας. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 δρόμῳ | det | high | |
| 25 | δρόμῳ | δρόμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 νικήσας | obl | high | Dative of means/contest. |
| 26 | νικήσας | νικάω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 λέγεται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ὀδυσσεύς. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 λέγεται | punct | high |
ἱδρύσατο δὲ τῆς Κελευθείας ἱερὰ ἀριθμῷ τρία διεστηκότα ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων.
The accusative neuter plural ἱερά is the object of ἱδρύσατο; τρία agrees with it, while διεστηκότα is a perfect active participle agreeing with ἱερά and describing the sanctuaries as separated from one another. τῆς Κελευθείας is a genitive dependent on ἱερά, probably indicating dedication/association; ἀριθμῷ is an instrumental dative meaning 'in number'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἱδρύσατο | ἱδρύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἱδρύσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Κελευθείας | det | high | |
| 4 | Κελευθείας | Κελεύθεια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὰ | nmod | medium | Proper place-name; genitive relation to ἱερά is semantically somewhat underspecified. |
| 5 | ἱερὰ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἱδρύσατο | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὰ | obl | medium | Instrumental/measure dative: 'in number'. |
| 7 | τρία | τρεῖς | NUM | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἱερὰ | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral agreeing with ἱερά. |
| 8 | διεστηκότα | διΐστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 5 ἱερὰ | acl | high | Predicative/resultative participle agreeing with ἱερά. |
| 9 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 διεστηκότα | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 10 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 διεστηκότα | obl | medium | Reciprocal pronoun; genitive governed by ἀπό, with masculine form used for mixed/unspecified referents despite neuter antecedent. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἱδρύσατο | punct | high |