Grammar parses for passage 3.12.7
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ δὲ Ἑλληνίου πλησίον Ταλθυβίου μνῆμα ἀποφαίνουσι·
The clause means that they point out a tomb of Talthybios near the Hellenion; πλησίον is an indeclinable adverb governing the genitive Ταλθυβίου, while τοῦ Ἑλληνίου is a substantivized genitive phrase, probably referring to the sanctuary/precinct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 Ἑλληνίου | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἑλληνίου | Ἑλλήνιον | PROPN | N-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πλησίον | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive, likely naming a sanctuary or precinct. |
| 4 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 μνῆμα | advmod | high | Adverbial localizer; the following genitive is its complement. |
| 5 | Ταλθυβίου | Ταλθύβιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πλησίον | nmod | high | |
| 6 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἀποφαίνουσι | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | punct | high |
δεικνύουσι δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν Αἰγιεῖς ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς, Ταλθυβίου καὶ οὗτοι φάμενοι μνῆμα εἶναι.
The subject Αἰγιεῖς governs δεικνύουσι; Ἀχαιῶν is a partitive/genitive modifier. The participial clause φάμενοι ... εἶναι has οὗτοι as subject and takes μνῆμα as the predicate accusative, with Ταλθυβίου as its genitive modifier; καὶ coordinates the two demonstrative/locative assertions.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεικνύουσι | δεικνύω | VERB | V-3PIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δεικνύουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δεικνύουσι | cc | high | Coordinates the second assertion; some analyses treat it as an additive adverb. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Αἰγιεῖς | nmod | high | Partitive or ethnic genitive with Αἰγιεῖς. |
| 5 | Αἰγιεῖς | Αἰγιεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 δεικνύουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἀγορᾶς | case | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 δεικνύουσι | obl | high | ἐπί with genitive marks location. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δεικνύουσι | punct | high | |
| 10 | Ταλθυβίου | Ταλθύβιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μνῆμα. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 οὗτοι | cc | high | Connects οὗτοι with the preceding subject-oriented assertion. |
| 12 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 φάμενοι | nsubj | high | Subject of φάμενοι. |
| 13 | φάμενοι | φημί | VERB | V-PNP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 δεικνύουσι | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, coordinated in sense with the main assertion; middle form is lexical/deponent in this usage. |
| 14 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 φάμενοι | obj | high | Accusative complement of εἶναι in indirect statement. |
| 15 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 φάμενοι | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the complementary/indirect statement construction after φάμενοι. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δεικνύουσι | punct | high |
Ταλθυβίου δὲ τούτου μήνιμα ἐπὶ τῷ φόνῳ τῶν κηρύκων, οἳ παρὰ βασιλέως Δαρείου γῆν τε καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτήσοντες ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπέμφθησαν, Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν ἐπεσήμαινεν ἐς τὸ δημόσιον, ἐν Ἀθήναις δὲ ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ ἐς ἑνὸς οἶκον ἀνδρὸς κατέσκηψε Μιλτιάδου τοῦ Κίμωνος·
Main predicate ἐπεσήμαινεν is coordinated with κατέσκηψε; the initial μήνιμα is the subject, with τούτου referring to Talthybius and the relative clause modifying κηρύκων. The construction is somewhat elliptical/idiomatic, so attachment of the initial genitives is analyzed conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ταλθυβίου | Ταλθύβιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μήνιμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μήνιμα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 Ταλθυβίου | det | medium | Genitive demonstrative agreeing with Ταλθυβίου; resumptive/identifying. |
| 4 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | nsubj | high | Subject of both following predicates. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 φόνῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 φόνῳ | det | high | Article. |
| 7 | φόνῳ | φόνος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μήνιμα | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 κηρύκων | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | κηρύκων | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 φόνῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φόνῳ. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | R-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 23 ἐπέμφθησαν | nsubj | high | Relative subject, antecedent κήρυκες. |
| 12 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 βασιλέως | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 13 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 αἰτήσοντες | obl | high | Source with παρά. |
| 14 | Δαρείου | Δαρεῖος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 βασιλέως | appos | high | Apposition to βασιλέως. |
| 15 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 αἰτήσοντες | obj | high | Object of αἰτέω. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 γῆν | cc | high | First member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὕδωρ | cc | high | Coordinates ὕδωρ with γῆν. |
| 18 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 γῆν | conj | high | Second object of αἰτέω. |
| 19 | αἰτήσοντες | αἰτέω | VERB | PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἐπέμφθησαν | advcl | high | Future participle expressing purpose. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article. |
| 22 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐπέμφθησαν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 23 | ἐπέμφθησαν | πέμπω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | iobj | high | Recipient/affected group of ἐπεσήμαινεν. |
| 26 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 27 | ἐπεσήμαινεν | ἐπισημαίνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | First coordinated finite predicate; subject μήνιμα is singular neuter. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 δημόσιον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 29 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 δημόσιον | det | high | Article. |
| 30 | δημόσιον | δημόσιος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, public sphere. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 κατέσκηψε | punct | high | |
| 32 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 Ἀθήναις | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 33 | Ἀθήναις | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 42 κατέσκηψε | obl | high | Locative complement. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 42 κατέσκηψε | cc | high | Coordinates the Athenian contrast. |
| 35 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | A-DSF | Degree=Pos | 42 κατέσκηψε | advmod | high | Adverbial use, privately. |
| 36 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἰδίᾳ | cc | medium | Coordinates ἰδίᾳ with ἐς...οἶκον in an idiomatic pair. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the second Athenian complement. |
| 38 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 οἶκον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 39 | ἑνὸς | εἷς | NUM | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 41 ἀνδρὸς | det | high | Genitive numeral modifying ἀνδρός. |
| 40 | οἶκον | οἶκος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 κατέσκηψε | obl | high | Goal/complement of κατέσκηψε. |
| 41 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 οἶκον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on οἶκον. |
| 42 | κατέσκηψε | κατασκῆπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate. |
| 43 | Μιλτιάδου | Μιλτιάδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 Κίμωνος | nmod | high | Patronymic/name genitive. |
| 44 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 45 Κίμωνος | det | high | Article. |
| 45 | Κίμωνος | Κίμων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀνδρός; identifies the man as Miltiades, son of Cimon. |
| 46 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐπεσήμαινεν | punct | high |
ἐγεγόνει δὲ καὶ τῶν κηρύκων τοῖς ἐλθοῦσιν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ὁ Μιλτιάδης ἀποθανεῖν αἴτιος ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων.
The finite verb ἐγεγόνει is an impersonal/periphrastic-like construction meaning that Miltiades had become responsible for causing the heralds to die; τοῖς ἐλθοῦσιν is dative with the participle substantivized, and ὁ Μιλτιάδης is the nominative subject of the infinitive and predicate αἴτιος. The exact attachment of the dative is somewhat idiomatic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | 3PIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Pluperfect active, third singular; idiomatic finite predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐγεγόνει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 αἴτιος | cc | medium | Adds this case to the preceding context. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κηρύκων | det | high | Genitive plural article. |
| 5 | κηρύκων | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐλθοῦσιν | obl | medium | Genitive plural; partitive/relational with the substantivized participle. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐλθοῦσιν | det | high | Dative plural article, substantivizing the participle. |
| 7 | ἐλθοῦσιν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VPAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀποθανεῖν | obl | medium | Substantivized aorist participle: those who came; dative relation is idiomatic/uncertain. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | Accusative feminine singular article. |
| 10 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐλθοῦσιν | obl | high | Accusative place name governed by ἐς. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Μιλτιάδης | det | high | Nominative masculine singular article. |
| 12 | Μιλτιάδης | Μιλτιάδης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 αἴτιος | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of predicate αἴτιος and understood subject of ἀποθανεῖν. |
| 13 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | VNAA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 αἴτιος | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive complement of αἴτιος, 'to cause to die'. |
| 14 | αἴτιος | αἴτιος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγεγόνει | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ὁ Μιλτιάδης; governs/complements the infinitive. |
| 15 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | Agent preposition governing genitive. |
| 16 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 αἴτιος | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent with ὑπό; Athenian authorities are the implied causers of the punishment/action. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |