Grammar parses for passage 3.13.9
Open translation for this passage
ξόανον δὲ ἀρχαῖον καλοῦσιν Ἀφροδίτης Ἥρας·
The impersonal/3rd-plural καλοῦσιν governs ξόανον as its object; ἀρχαῖον modifies ξόανον. The paired genitives are appositional/possessive, likely naming the Aphrodite-Hera cult image; coordination is implicit or elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ξόανον | amod | high | |
| 4 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject is implicit/unspecified ‘they’. |
| 5 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ξόανον | nmod | medium | Genitive associated with the cult-image designation. |
| 6 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ξόανον | nmod | medium | Second coordinated or appositional genitive; coordination is implicit/elliptical. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καλοῦσιν | punct | high |
τοῦ λόφου δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἐς δεξιὰν ὁδὸν Ἑτοιμοκλέους ἐστὶν εἰκών·
The sentence means ‘on the hill, toward the road on the right, is an image of Hetimocles’; εἰκών is the predicate subject of ἐστίν, while τοῦ λόφου is a genitive of location/reference. The attachment of κατὰ τὴν ... ὁδόν is somewhat uncertain but is taken as a directional modifier of εἰκών/ἐστίν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 λόφου | det | high | |
| 2 | λόφου | λόφος | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Genitive of location/reference with ἐστίν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ὁδὸν | case | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ὁδὸν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς; nested directional phrase. |
| 7 | δεξιὰν | δεξιός | ADJ | A-SFA----A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὁδὸν | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying ὁδόν, ‘right-hand’. |
| 8 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 εἰκών | obl | medium | Directional accusative phrase, with κατὰ ... ἐς. |
| 9 | Ἑτοιμοκλέους | Ἑτοιμοκλῆς | PROPN | N—-GMS---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰκών | nmod | high | Genitive possessor or identifying genitive: ‘of Hetimocles’. |
| 10 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | εἰκών | εἰκών | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Predicate subject in existential/copular clause. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ Ἑτοιμοκλεῖ καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ Ἱπποσθένει τῷ πατρὶ πάλης εἰσὶν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι, καὶ συναμφοτέροις μὲν μία τε καὶ δέκα, τῷ δὲ Ἱπποσθένει μιᾷ νίκῃ τὸν υἱὸν παρελθεῖν ὑπῆρξεν.
The sentence states that Hētimocles and his father Hipposthenes have Olympic wrestling victories; together they number eleven, and Hipposthenes surpassed his son by one victory. The first dative phrase is coordinated and functions as the experiencer/possessor with εἰσίν; παρελθεῖν is an infinitival subject/complement with τῷ Ἱπποσθένει as its dative experiencer. The exact attachment of the coordinated numeral phrase is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἑτοιμοκλεῖ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἑτοιμοκλεῖ | Ἑτοιμοκλῆς | PROPN | Ne----Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰσὶν | obl | high | Dative participant/possessor with εἰσίν. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 αὐτῷ | cc | high | |
| 5 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3msd-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 Ἑτοιμοκλεῖ | conj | medium | Reflexive/emphatic dative, coordinated with Ἑτοιμοκλεῖ; attachment is elliptical. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Ἱπποσθένει | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἱπποσθένει | Ἱπποσθένης | PROPN | Ne----Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἑτοιμοκλεῖ | conj | high | |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πατρὶ | det | high | |
| 9 | πατρὶ | πατήρ | NOUN | N------Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἱπποσθένει | appos | high | Apposition: Hipposthenes, the father. |
| 10 | πάλης | πάλη | NOUN | N------Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 νῖκαι | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the kind of victories. |
| 11 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PPAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπικαὶ | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A--NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 νῖκαι | amod | high | |
| 13 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N------Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 μία | cc | high | |
| 16 | συναμφοτέροις | συναμφότερος | PRON | Pd--------d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Dual|PronType=Tot | 18 μία | obl | medium | Dative of reference/association: ‘for both together’; may scope over the numeral phrase. |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 18 μία | discourse | high | |
| 18 | μία | εἷς | NUM | M---NF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 21 δέκα | nummod | medium | Elliptical numeral phrase, understood with νῖκαι. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 μία | cc | medium | Correlative/coordinating τε in the numeral phrase. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 δέκα | cc | high | |
| 21 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 18 μία | nummod | medium | Together with μία: eleven; elliptical νῖκαι. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ὑπῆρξεν | punct | high | |
| 23 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Ἱπποσθένει | det | high | |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 ὑπῆρξεν | cc | high | |
| 25 | Ἱπποσθένει | Ἱπποσθένης | PROPN | Ne----Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ὑπῆρξεν | obl | high | Dative subject/experiencer of the infinitival comparison. |
| 26 | μιᾷ | εἷς | NUM | M---SF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 27 νίκῃ | nummod | high | |
| 27 | νίκῃ | νίκη | NOUN | N------Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 παρελθεῖν | obl | high | Dative of difference: by one victory. |
| 28 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 υἱὸν | det | high | |
| 29 | υἱὸν | υἱός | NOUN | N------Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 παρελθεῖν | obj | high | Object of παρελθεῖν. |
| 30 | παρελθεῖν | παρέρχομαι | VERB | V--FAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 31 ὑπῆρξεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ὑπῆρξεν; idiomatically ‘it fell to him to surpass’. |
| 31 | ὑπῆρξεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V3SAAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 εἰσὶν | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ὑπῆρξεν | punct | high |