Grammar parses for passage 3.14.10
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ θυσίᾳ κάπρους ἠθάδας οἱ ἔφηβοι συμβάλλουσι μαχουμένους·
The prepositional phrase ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ is temporal/circumstantial; κάπρους ἠθάδας is the accusative object of συμβάλλουσι, with μαχουμένους agreeing with κάπρους and expressing their fighting action. The article οἱ and noun ἔφηβοι form the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 θυσίᾳ | case | high | Takes the dative τῇ θυσίᾳ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 συμβάλλουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-df-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 θυσίᾳ | det | high | |
| 4 | θυσίᾳ | θυσία | NOUN | N-df-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 συμβάλλουσι | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, with temporal/circumstantial sense. |
| 5 | κάπρους | κάπρος | NOUN | N-ma-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 συμβάλλουσι | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἠθάδας | ἠθάς | ADJ | A-ma-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κάπρους | amod | high | Agrees with κάπρους. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-mp-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἔφηβοι | det | high | |
| 8 | ἔφηβοι | ἔφηβος | NOUN | N-mn-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 συμβάλλουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | συμβάλλουσι | συμβάλλω | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | μαχουμένους | μάχομαι | VERB | V-papam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 κάπρους | acl | medium | Predicative/secondary participle agreeing with κάπρους; may be construed as an object-oriented participle. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 συμβάλλουσι | punct | high |
ὁποτέρων δʼ ἂν ὁ κάπρος τύχῃ νικῶν, ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Πλατανιστᾷ κρατῆσαι τούτους ὡς τὰ πλείω συμβαίνει.
The opening ὁποτέρων clause is an indefinite/conditional temporal protasis with κάπρος as subject and νικῶν as a predicative participle; the closing ὡς τὰ πλείω συμβαίνει is a generalizing parenthetical clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁποτέρων | ὁπότερος | PRON | A-GEN-PL-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Int | 5 κάπρος | det | medium | Genitive plural interrogative/relative-correlative form modifying κάπρος; exact construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 6 τύχῃ | mark | high | Modal particle with subjunctive. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 κάπρος | det | high | |
| 5 | κάπρος | κάπρος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τύχῃ | nsubj | high | Subject of τύχῃ. |
| 6 | τύχῃ | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Aorist subjunctive in a conditional/indefinite temporal clause; νικῶν is its participial complement. |
| 7 | νικῶν | νικάω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 τύχῃ | xcomp | medium | Predicative participle with κάπρος, ‘happens to be winning’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 τύχῃ | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/existential main predicate governing the infinitive κρατῆσαι. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Πλατανιστᾷ | case | high | |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Πλατανιστᾷ | det | high | |
| 12 | Πλατανιστᾷ | Πλατανιστᾶς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 κρατῆσαι | obl | high | Dative of location within the prepositional phrase. |
| 13 | κρατῆσαι | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστιν | csubj | high | Infinitival subject/complement of impersonal ἐστιν. |
| 14 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 13 κρατῆσαι | obj | high | Object of κρατῆσαι, referring to the opposing party/men. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 συμβαίνει | mark | medium | Introduces a clause expressing the customary or usual circumstance. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 πλείω | det | high | |
| 17 | πλείω | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 συμβαίνει | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter comparative, ‘for the most part’; object-like complement with συμβαίνει. |
| 18 | συμβαίνει | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 κρατῆσαι | advcl | medium | Parenthetical/generalizing clause under ὡς; syntax is somewhat elliptical. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τοσάδε μὲν δρῶσιν ἐν τῷ Φοιβαίῳ·
τοσάδε is an accusative neuter plural substantivized demonstrative, functioning as the object of δρῶσιν; μὲν is a correlative particle, and the clause is syntactically complete with a locative ἐν-phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσάδε | τόσος | PRON | A-N-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 δρῶσιν | obj | high | Substantivized demonstrative adjective, ‘so many things’; final -δε is deictic. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 δρῶσιν | discourse | high | Correlative/contrastive particle; counterpart may follow in context. |
| 3 | δρῶσιν | δράω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present active indicative, 3rd plural. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Φοιβαίῳ | case | high | Locative preposition governing the dative phrase. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 Φοιβαίῳ | det | high | Dative singular neuter article. |
| 6 | Φοιβαίῳ | Φοιβαῖον | PROPN | N-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 δρῶσιν | obl | high | Dative singular neuter place-name, object of ἐν; the article modifies it. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 δρῶσιν | punct | high |
τὴν μὲν δὴ ἔσοδον, καθʼ ἣν ἐσελθεῖν δεῦρο ἔστιν ἑκατέραν τάξιν, προεδήλωσε κλῆρός σφισιν ἐν τῇ νυκτί·
The relative clause καθʼ ἣν ἐσελθεῖν δεῦρο ἔστιν ἑκατέραν τάξιν contains an impersonal ἔστιν with accusative-and-infinitive syntax; τάξιν is the accusative subject of ἐσελθεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--AFS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἔσοδον | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | Polarity=Pos | 4 ἔσοδον | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν; δὴ follows. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | Polarity=Pos | 4 ἔσοδον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἔσοδον | εἴσοδος | NOUN | S--AFS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 προεδήλωσε | obj | high | Accusative object of προεδήλωσε. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔσοδον | punct | high | |
| 6 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἣν | case | high | Elided κατά before relative pronoun. |
| 7 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P--SA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 8 ἐσελθεῖν | obl | high | Relative accusative governed by κατά; semantically temporal/local relation. |
| 8 | ἐσελθεῖν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V--ANM--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in impersonal ἔστιν construction. |
| 9 | δεῦρο | δεῦρο | ADV | D | PronType=Dem | 8 ἐσελθεῖν | advmod | high | Deictic adverb, ‘hither’. |
| 10 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἣν | acl:relcl | medium | Impersonal existential/possibility predicate governing ἐσελθεῖν. |
| 11 | ἑκατέραν | ἑκάτερος | ADJ | A--SFA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 τάξιν | amod | high | |
| 12 | τάξιν | τάξις | NOUN | S--AFA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐσελθεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive; each of the two orders. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 προεδήλωσε | punct | high | |
| 14 | προεδήλωσε | προδηλόω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | κλῆρός | κλῆρος | NOUN | S--NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 προεδήλωσε | nsubj | high | Subject; nominative form is oxytone in context. |
| 16 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DD-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 προεδήλωσε | iobj | high | Third-person plural personal pronoun, dative. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 19 νυκτί | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 νυκτί | det | high | |
| 19 | νυκτί | νύξ | NOUN | S--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 προεδήλωσε | obl | high | Temporal adjunct: ἐν τῇ νυκτί. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 προεδήλωσε | punct | high |
μάχονται δὲ καὶ ἐν χερσὶ καὶ ἐμπηδῶντες λάξ, δάκνουσί τε καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀντορύσσουσιν.
The coordinated finite verbs μάχονται, δάκνουσι(ί), and ἀντορύσσουσιν describe the subject (implicit, likely animals); ἐν χερσὶ is a prepositional phrase, ἐμπηδῶντες a coordinated participial manner adjunct, and λάξ an adverb meaning 'with the foot/kick'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μάχονται | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μάχονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μάχονται | cc | high | Coordinates the following fighting circumstance/phrase. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 χερσὶ | case | high | |
| 5 | χερσὶ | χείρ | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 μάχονται | obl | high | Dative plural; governed by ἐν. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐμπηδῶντες | cc | high | Coordinates ἐν χερσὶ with the participial circumstance. |
| 7 | ἐμπηδῶντες | ἐμπηδάω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 μάχονται | advcl | high | Circumstantial nominative participle agreeing with the implicit subject. |
| 8 | λάξ | λάξ | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἐμπηδῶντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐμπηδῶντες, 'with a kick/foot'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐμπηδῶντες | punct | high | |
| 10 | δάκνουσί | δάκνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 μάχονται | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 δάκνουσί | cc | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀντορύσσουσιν | cc | high | Pairs the coordinated actions δάκνουσί τε ... καὶ ἀντορύσσουσιν. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ὀφθαλμοὺς | det | high | |
| 14 | ὀφθαλμοὺς | ὀφθαλμός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀντορύσσουσιν | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἀντορύσσουσιν | ἀνορύσσω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 δάκνουσί | conj | high | Form has ἀντορύσσω, 'dig out/pluck out'; coordinated with δάκνουσι. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μάχονται | punct | high |
ἀνὴρ μὲν δὴ πρὸς ἄνδρα τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον μάχεται·
The subject ἀνήρ governs μάχεται; πρὸς ἄνδρα takes an accusative object, with τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον as an accusative manner phrase modifying μάχεται. εἰρημένον is a perfect middle/passive participle agreeing with τρόπον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μάχεται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 9 μάχεται | discourse | high | Correlative particle; no explicit δέ in this clause. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 9 μάχεται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | _ | 5 ἄνδρα | case | high | |
| 5 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--MSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μάχεται | obl | high | Accusative complement of πρός. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τρόπον | det | high | |
| 7 | εἰρημένον | λέγω | VERB | V-RMPMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 τρόπον | acl | high | Perfect middle/passive participle, agreeing with τρόπον; lexical form εἴρω/λέγω is conventionally lemmatized here as λέγω. |
| 8 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N--MSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μάχεται | obl | high | Accusative of manner; τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον. |
| 9 | μάχεται | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 μάχεται | punct | high |