Grammar parses for passage 3.14.8
Open translation for this passage
καὶ χωρίον Πλατανιστᾶς ἐστιν ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων, αἳ δὴ ὑψηλαὶ καὶ συνεχεῖς περὶ αὐτὸ αἱ πλάτανοι πεφύκασιν.
The sentence has an existential/copular construction: χωρίον is the predicative subject of ἐστιν, with Πλατανιστᾶς as its name; the relative clause modifies δένδρων and contains πλάτανοι as the subject of πεφύκασιν, with αἳ agreeing with the antecedent and functioning predicatively/subjectively. The exact attachment of the adverbial περὶ αὐτό is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative subject/predicative noun in the existential clause. |
| 3 | Πλατανιστᾶς | Πλατανιστᾶς | PROPN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Place-name; form is indeclinable or irregularly preserved, so gender/case are uncertain. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 δένδρων | case | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 δένδρων | det | high | |
| 7 | δένδρων | δένδρον | NOUN | Nb-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστιν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | αἳ | ὅς | PRON | Pr-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 πεφύκασιν | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun likely refers to the feminine πλάτανοι, despite the nearer neuter δένδρων; construction is syntactically irregular. |
| 10 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 18 πεφύκασιν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ὑψηλαὶ | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 πλάτανοι | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with πλάτανοι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 συνεχεῖς | cc | high | |
| 13 | συνεχεῖς | συνεχής | ADJ | A-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 πλάτανοι | conj | high | Adjective coordinated with ὑψηλαί and agreeing with πλάτανοι. |
| 14 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 αὐτὸ | case | high | |
| 15 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πεφύκασιν | obl | medium | Accusative complement of περί; refers to the χωρίον. |
| 16 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 πλάτανοι | det | high | |
| 17 | πλάτανοι | πλάτανος | NOUN | Nb-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 πεφύκασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | πεφύκασιν | φύω | VERB | V3pria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; perfect of φύω can have a stative sense, 'stand/grow naturally'. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ χωρίον, ἔνθα τοῖς ἐφήβοις μάχεσθαι καθέστηκε, κύκλῳ μὲν εὔριπος περιέχει κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ εἰ νῆσον θάλασσα, ἔφοδοι δὲ ἐπὶ γεφυρῶν εἰσι.
The sentence has a relative locative clause with καθέστηκε + infinitive and a compressed comparison at κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ εἰ νῆσον θάλασσα; the latter is annotated conservatively because its ellipsis makes attachment uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 χωρίον | det | high | Emphatic demonstrative article-like modifier of χωρίον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 περιέχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 χωρίον | det | high | |
| 4 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 περιέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of περιέχει. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 χωρίον | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 10 καθέστηκε | advmod | high | Relative locative adverb introducing the clause modifying χωρίον. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἐφήβοις | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐφήβοις | ἔφηβος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 μάχεσθαι | obl | high | Dative with μάχεσθαι, likely the persons against whom/to whom fighting occurs. |
| 9 | μάχεσθαι | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PNM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 καθέστηκε | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by καθέστηκε. |
| 10 | καθέστηκε | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 χωρίον | acl:relcl | medium | Perfect form, ‘has been established/appointed’; relative-clause predicate with implicit subject/setting. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθέστηκε | punct | high | |
| 12 | κύκλῳ | κύκλῳ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 περιέχει | advmod | medium | Adverbial form meaning ‘in a circle/around’; lexicalized from κύκλος. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 περιέχει | discourse | high | Correlative particle, contrasted with δὲ at token 24. |
| 14 | εὔριπος | εὔριπος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 περιέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of περιέχει: a channel/strait surrounds it. |
| 15 | περιέχει | περιέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated main predicate. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition governing ταὐτά. |
| 17 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 15 περιέχει | obl | medium | Articular compound pronoun, idiomatically ‘in the same way’; exact attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 θάλασσα | cc | high | Coordinates the conditional comparison. |
| 19 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 θάλασσα | mark | high | Introduces an elliptical comparison/condition. |
| 20 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 θάλασσα | obj | medium | Accusative object/predicative complement in the elliptical phrase. |
| 21 | θάλασσα | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 περιέχει | obl | low | Elliptical comparison: ‘as sea [surrounds] an island’; syntax is compressed and disputed. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 περιέχει | punct | high | |
| 23 | ἔφοδοι | ἔφοδος | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσι. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 εἰσι | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 γεφυρῶν | case | high | Preposition governing γεφυρῶν. |
| 26 | γεφυρῶν | γέφυρα | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἔφοδοι | nmod | high | Genitive after ἐπί in the phrase ‘approaches on bridges’. |
| 27 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 περιέχει | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 περιέχει | punct | high |
γεφυρῶν δὲ ἐφʼ ἑκατέρᾳ τῇ μέν ἐστιν ἄγαλμα Ἡρακλέους, τῇ δὲ εἰκὼν Λυκούργου·
The genitive γεφυρῶν is a partitive/topic genitive; ἐφʼ ἑκατέρᾳ governs two correlative dative phrases, with τῇ μέν ... τῇ δέ ... understood as ‘on each [bridge], on one ... on the other’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γεφυρῶν | γέφυρα | NOUN | N--GFP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Plural genitive, likely partitive/topic genitive with the following paired statements. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 ἑκατέρᾳ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί before vowel. |
| 4 | ἑκατέρᾳ | ἑκάτερος | ADJ | A-SDF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative feminine singular with ἐπί; modifies the understood location ‘on each [bridge]’. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-SDF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article in the first correlative dative phrase; substantive/elliptical. |
| 6 | μέν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ at token 12. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-SPAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb; second clause supplies an elliptical parallel predicate. |
| 8 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-SNA---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal with εἰμί, though annotated as nominal subject under copular analysis. |
| 9 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne-Gen---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-SDF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκὼν | det | high | Article in the second correlative dative phrase; substantive/elliptical. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 εἰκὼν | cc | high | Second member of μέν ... δέ. |
| 13 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N-SNF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Parallel nominal predicate with omitted repeated ἐστιν. |
| 14 | Λυκούργου | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | Ne-Gen---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἰκών. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high |
νόμους δὲ ἔς τε τὴν ἄλλην πολιτείαν καὶ ἐς τὴν μάχην τῶν ἐφήβων ἔθηκεν ὁ Λυκοῦργος.
ἔθηκεν governs νόμους as its object and two coordinated εἰς-phrases specifying the domains in which the laws were instituted.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | νόμους | νόμος | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔθηκεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 14 ἔθηκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 πολιτείαν | case | high | Variant spelling of εἰς. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | PTC | _ | 3 ἔς | cc | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πολιτείαν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πολιτείαν | amod | high | |
| 7 | πολιτείαν | πολιτεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔθηκεν | obl | high | Object of εἰς understood as a domain/aspect. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 9 ἐς | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 11 μάχην | case | high | Variant spelling of εἰς. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μάχην | det | high | |
| 11 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔθηκεν | obl | high | Object of εἰς. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐφήβων | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐφήβων | ἔφηβος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μάχην | nmod | high | |
| 14 | ἔθηκεν | τίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Λυκοῦργος | det | high | |
| 16 | Λυκοῦργος | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔθηκεν | punct | high |