Grammar parses for passage 3.14.8
Open translation for this passage
καὶ χωρίον Πλατανιστᾶς ἐστιν ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων, αἳ δὴ ὑψηλαὶ καὶ συνεχεῖς περὶ αὐτὸ αἱ πλάτανοι πεφύκασιν.
The main clause is elliptical in style, with a relative clause describing the plane trees; περὶ αὐτὸ is attached as a prepositional modifier of the relative clause verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the clause to prior context. |
| 2 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 3 | Πλατανιστᾶς | Πλατανιστάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 χωρίον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent modifying χωρίον. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 7 δένδρων | case | high | Preposition governing τῶν δένδρων. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 δένδρων | det | high | Definite article modifying δένδρων. |
| 7 | δένδρων | δένδρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστιν | obl | high | Prepositional complement expressing source/origin. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 9 | αἳ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 πεφύκασιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of πεφύκασιν. |
| 10 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 9 αἳ | advmod | medium | Discourse particle. |
| 11 | ὑψηλαὶ | ὑψηλός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 πλάτανοι | amod | high | Predicate/adjectival modifier of πλάτανοι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 συνεχεῖς | cc | high | Coordinates adjectives. |
| 13 | συνεχεῖς | συνεχής | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ὑψηλαὶ | conj | high | Second coordinated adjective. |
| 14 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 15 αὐτὸ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτὸ. |
| 15 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 πεφύκασιν | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase; form is neuter singular, though sense may be locative/aphoric. |
| 16 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 πλάτανοι | det | high | Article modifying πλάτανοι. |
| 17 | πλάτανοι | πλάτανος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 πεφύκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of πεφύκασιν. |
| 18 | πεφύκασιν | φύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 9 αἳ | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying αἵ. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ χωρίον, ἔνθα τοῖς ἐφήβοις μάχεσθαι καθέστηκε, κύκλῳ μὲν εὔριπος περιέχει κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ εἰ νῆσον θάλασσα, ἔφοδοι δὲ ἐπὶ γεφυρῶν εἰσι.
The syntax is layered: καθέστηκε governs an infinitival complement, and the later clauses are coordinated/descriptive with a comparative conditional construction that is partially elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 χωρίον | amod | high | Attributive modifier of χωρίον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 περιέχει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 χωρίον | det | high | Article modifying χωρίον. |
| 4 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καθέστηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of καθέστηκε. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 χωρίον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 καθέστηκε | advmod | high | Introduces relative clause. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐφήβοις | det | high | Article with ἐφήβοις. |
| 8 | ἐφήβοις | ἔφηβος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 μάχεσθαι | obl | high | Dative complement with μάχεσθαι. |
| 9 | μάχεσθαι | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PPN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 10 καθέστηκε | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of καθέστηκε. |
| 10 | καθέστηκε | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is perfect of καθίστημι; syntactically root. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθέστηκε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | κύκλῳ | κύκλος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 περιέχει | obl | high | Adverbial dative 'in a circle'. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 περιέχει | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 14 | εὔριπος | εὔριπος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 περιέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of περιέχει. |
| 15 | περιέχει | περιέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 καθέστηκε | advcl | high | Main verb of second clause, coordinated conceptually with preceding clause. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition governing ταὐτά. |
| 17 | ταὐτὰ | αὐτός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 περιέχει | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 εἰ | cc | high | Connective before conditional clause. |
| 19 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 περιέχει | advcl | high | Conditional clause marker. |
| 20 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 θάλασσα | obj | high | Object of θάλασσα in comparison. |
| 21 | θάλασσα | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 εἰ | advcl | medium | Interpreted as elliptical comparative clause with omitted verb. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 περιέχει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | ἔφοδοι | ἔφοδος | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσι. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 27 εἰσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 γεφυρῶν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | γεφυρῶν | γέφυρα | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἔφοδοι | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with ἐπί. |
| 27 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 περιέχει | conj | high | Copular/existential predicate coordinated with περιέχει. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθέστηκε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γεφυρῶν δὲ ἐφʼ ἑκατέρᾳ τῇ μέν ἐστιν ἄγαλμα Ἡρακλέους, τῇ δὲ εἰκὼν Λυκούργου·
The sentence has a correlative δύο-branch structure with μέν ... δέ and two nominative subjects of ἐστιν; γεφυρῶν is syntactically uncertain, likely a genitive dependent on an omitted or contextually supplied noun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γεφυρῶν | γέφυρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἄγαλμα | nmod | medium | Likely genitive plural depending on an omitted noun or partitive relation; syntax somewhat unclear. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ἑκατέρᾳ | case | high | Enclitic/preposed preposition. |
| 4 | ἑκατέρᾳ | ἑκάτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἑκατέρᾳ | det | high | Article modifying ἑκατέρᾳ. |
| 6 | μέν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as main predicate. |
| 8 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 9 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 εἰκὼν | det | high | Article with εἰκών. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 εἰκὼν | discourse | high | Correlative/postpositive particle. |
| 13 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἐστιν. |
| 14 | Λυκούργου | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἰκών. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |