Grammar parses for passage 3.15.4
Open translation for this passage
προσεγένετο δὲ ἐς τοῦ πολέμου τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ ἄλλο τοιόνδε.
The phrase ἐς τοῦ πολέμου τὴν ἀρχήν is analyzed as an accusative prepositional adjunct meaning roughly ‘at the beginning of the war’; ἄλλο τοιόνδε is a substantivized neuter expression, with an elliptical predicative relation understood from προσεγένετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσεγένετο | προσγίγνομαι | VERB | V-3IAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, third singular; introduces an additional occurrence or circumstance. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 προσεγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | -------- | _ | 7 ἀρχὴν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative phrase. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πολέμου | det | high | Genitive article agreeing with πολέμου. |
| 5 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent within the temporal or contextual phrase ἐς τοῦ πολέμου τὴν ἀρχήν. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Accusative article agreeing with ἀρχήν. |
| 7 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 προσεγένετο | obl | high | Accusative object of εἰς, expressing the beginning/onset. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 ἄλλο | cc | high | Coordinates the following substantive/adjectival expression with the preceding content. |
| 9 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 προσεγένετο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter nominative, ‘another thing’; coordinated with τοιόνδε. |
| 10 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλλο | amod | medium | Neuter nominative adjective agreeing with substantivized ἄλλο; enclitic -δε is deictic. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσεγένετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Οἰωνὸς ἡλικίαν μὲν μειράκιον, ἀνεψιὸς δὲ Ἡρακλεῖ---Λικυμνίου γὰρ παῖς ἦν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ Ἀλκμήνης---ἀφίκετο ἐς Σπάρτην ἅμα Ἡρακλεῖ·
Οἰωνός is the subject of ἀφίκετο, with coordinated nominal predicates μειράκιον and ἀνεψιός; the parenthetical γὰρ clause identifies whose son he was. ἅμα takes the dative Ἡρακλεῖ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Οἰωνὸς | Οἰωνός | PROPN | N--SMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἡλικίαν | ἡλικία | NOUN | N--SAF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 μειράκιον | obl | medium | Accusative of respect: 'in age'. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----D-- | _ | 4 μειράκιον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | μειράκιον | μειράκιον | NOUN | N--SNN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἀφίκετο | xcomp | high | Nominal predicate with omitted/copular relation to the subject. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἀνεψιὸς | ἀνεψιός | NOUN | N--SMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀφίκετο | xcomp | high | Second nominal predicate, coordinated through δέ. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἀνεψιὸς | cc | high | |
| 8 | Ἡρακλεῖ | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--SMD-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνεψιὸς | obl | high | Dative complement of ἀνεψιός, 'cousin/nephew of Heracles'. |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 12 | Λικυμνίου | Λικύμνιος | PROPN | N--SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 παῖς | nmod | high | |
| 13 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἦν | discourse | high | Introduces explanatory parenthetical clause. |
| 14 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N--SMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 23 ἀφίκετο | parataxis | high | Imperfect of εἰμί in the explanatory parenthesis. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀδελφοῦ | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀδελφοῦ | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N--SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 παῖς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παῖς: son of the brother. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀδελφοῦ | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀλκμήνης | Ἀλκμήνη | PROPN | N--SGF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀδελφοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀδελφοῦ: brother of Alcmene. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 23 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3SAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active-form verb with middle/deponent lexical usage. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 Σπάρτην | case | high | |
| 25 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N--SAF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 26 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Ἡρακλεῖ | case | high | Preposition/adverb governing the dative. |
| 27 | Ἡρακλεῖ | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--SMD-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Dative complement of ἅμα. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
περιιόντι δὲ καὶ θεωμένῳ τὴν πόλιν, ὡς ἐγίνετο κατὰ τοῦ Ἱπποκόωντος τὴν οἰκίαν, ἐνταῦθά οἱ κύων ἐπεφέρετο οἰκουρός.
The dative participles περιιόντι and θεωμένῳ are coordinated circumstantial modifiers of the understood subject (Pausanias); ὡς introduces a temporal clause with ἐγίνετο, while οἱ is ethical dative and οἰκουρός is a predicative complement of κύων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περιιόντι | περίειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 θεωμένῳ | advcl | medium | Circumstantial present participle; exact antecedent is implicit. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 περιιόντι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 θεωμένῳ | cc | high | |
| 4 | θεωμένῳ | θεάομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 19 ἐπεφέρετο | advcl | medium | Coordinated circumstantial participle; governs τὴν πόλιν. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 6 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 θεωμένῳ | obj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 θεωμένῳ | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐγίνετο | mark | high | Temporal/subordinate conjunction in context. |
| 9 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 19 ἐπεφέρετο | advcl | medium | Imperfect temporal clause; subject is contextually understood. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 12 Ἱπποκόωντος | case | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἱπποκόωντος | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἱπποκόωντος | Ἱπποκόων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 οἰκίαν | nmod | high | Personal name in the genitive. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 οἰκίαν | det | high | |
| 14 | οἰκίαν | οἰκία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγίνετο | obl | medium | Accusative of place/extent with γίγνομαι; κατά phrase modifies the location. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγίνετο | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 19 ἐπεφέρετο | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘there’. |
| 17 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DAT-3S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐπεφέρετο | iobj | medium | Likely ethical dative, referring to the implicit observer. |
| 18 | κύων | κύων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπεφέρετο | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | ἐπεφέρετο | ἐπιφέρω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | οἰκουρός | οἰκουρός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 κύων | amod | medium | Predicative adjective agreeing with κύων; parser-style attachment to the subject noun. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐπεφέρετο | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ τυγχάνει τε ἀφεὶς λίθον ὁ Οἰωνὸς καὶ καταβάλλει τὴν κύνα·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: τυγχάνει likely modifies the participial action ἀφεὶς, while Οἰωνός is the subject shared by the participle and καταβάλλει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Οἰωνὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 καταβάλλει | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | τυγχάνει | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 καταβάλλει | advmod | medium | Likely auxiliary/modal use with ἀφείς; exact construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἀφεὶς | cc | medium | Coordinates the participial phrase with the following finite clause. |
| 5 | ἀφεὶς | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-APA-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 Οἰωνὸς | acl | medium | Aorist participle, agreeing with Οἰωνός; ἀφεὶς may mean 'having released' or 'having let go'. |
| 6 | λίθον | λίθος | NOUN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφεὶς | obj | high | |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Οἰωνὸς | det | high | |
| 8 | Οἰωνὸς | Οἰωνός | PROPN | N-N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καταβάλλει | nsubj | high | Proper name, subject of καταβάλλει. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 καταβάλλει | cc | high | |
| 10 | καταβάλλει | καταβάλλω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 κύνα | det | high | |
| 12 | κύνα | κύων | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 καταβάλλει | obj | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καταβάλλει | punct | high |
ἐπεκθέουσιν οὖν τοῦ Ἱπποκόωντος οἱ παῖδες καὶ ῥοπάλοις τύπτοντες κατεργάζονται τὸν Οἰωνόν.
The sentence has a coordinated finite verb ἐπεκθέουσιν with κατεργάζονται; τύπτοντες is a circumstantial participle, and ῥοπάλοις is an instrumental dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεκθέουσιν | ἐπεκθέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 κατεργάζονται | conj | medium | Coordinated finite verb; exact lexical parsing of ἐπεκθέω is somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐπεκθέουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἱπποκόωντος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἱπποκόωντος | Ἱπποκόων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖδες | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitival modifier: the children of Hippocoon. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 6 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 κατεργάζονται | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 τύπτοντες | cc | high | |
| 8 | ῥοπάλοις | ῥόπαλον | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 τύπτοντες | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 9 | τύπτοντες | τύπτω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 κατεργάζονται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with παῖδες. |
| 10 | κατεργάζονται | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Οἰωνόν | det | high | |
| 12 | Οἰωνόν | Οἴων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κατεργάζονται | obj | high | Proper name in the accusative. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατεργάζονται | punct | high |