Grammar parses for passage 3.15.9
Open translation for this passage
μόνοις δὲ Ἑλλήνων Λακεδαιμονίοις καθέστηκεν Ἥραν ἐπονομάζειν Αἰγοφάγον καὶ αἶγας τῇ θεῷ θύειν.
The syntax is centered on καθέστηκεν with two coordinated complementary infinitives; Ἑλλήνων Λακεδαιμονίοις forms a partitive/genitive-plus-dative restriction on ‘only to Spartans among Greeks’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μόνοις | μόνος | ADJ | A----DNPM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 5 καθέστηκεν | nsubj | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with implied subject of καθέστηκεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 καθέστηκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-P---GPM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 4 Λακεδαιμονίοις | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive modifier of Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A----DNPM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 5 καθέστηκεν | obl | high | Dative complement governed by καθέστηκεν. |
| 5 | καθέστηκεν | καθίστημι | VERB | V3SRIA--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; perfect with present meaning. |
| 6 | Ἥραν | Ἥρα | PROPN | N-ASF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἐπονομάζειν | obj | high | Object of ἐπονομάζειν. |
| 7 | ἐπονομάζειν | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | V--PNA--- | Tense=Present|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 5 καθέστηκεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on καθέστηκεν. |
| 8 | Αἰγοφάγον | Αἰγοφάγος | PROPN | A-ASF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἐπονομάζειν | xcomp | low | Likely title/nickname in apposition to Ἥραν; analyzed as second object/complement of ἐπονομάζειν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 θύειν | cc | high | Coordination of infinitival clauses. |
| 10 | αἶγας | αἴξ | NOUN | N-APF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 13 θύειν | obj | high | Object of θύειν. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF--- | Case=Dative|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 12 θεῷ | det | high | Article modifying θεῷ. |
| 12 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 θύειν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/indirect object of θύειν. |
| 13 | θύειν | θύω | VERB | V--PNA--- | Tense=Present|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 5 καθέστηκεν | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive dependent on καθέστηκεν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καθέστηκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἡρακλέα δὲ λέγουσιν ἱδρύσασθαι τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ αἶγας θῦσαι πρῶτον, ὅτι μαχομένῳ οἱ πρὸς Ἱπποκόωντα καὶ τοὺς παῖδας οὐδὲν ἐκ τῆς Ἥρας ἀπήντησεν ἐμπόδιον, ὥσπερ γε ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐδόξαζεν ἐναντιοῦσθαί οἱ τὴν θεόν·
The sentence is a report with an infinitival complement and two subordinate clauses: a causal ὅτι-clause and a comparative ὥσπερ-clause; ἐδόξαζεν + infinitive is the trickiest part.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | PRES_ACT_IND_3PL | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 4 | ἱδρύσασθαι | ἱδρύω | VERB | AOR_MID_INF | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 6 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἱδρύσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἱδρύσασθαι. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 θῦσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival complements. |
| 8 | αἶγας | αἴξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 θῦσαι | obj | high | Object of θῦσαι. |
| 9 | θῦσαι | θύω | VERB | AOR_ACT_INF | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἱδρύσασθαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 10 | πρῶτον | πρῶτον | ADV | _ | _ | 9 θῦσαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying θῦσαι. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 24 ἀπήντησεν | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 13 | μαχομένῳ | μάχομαι | VERB | PRES_MID_PTCP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 24 ἀπήντησεν | advcl | high | Dative participle, circumstantial. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 μαχομένῳ | det | low | Likely article with implied/elliptic noun; form is ambiguous in context. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 16 Ἱπποκόωντα | case | high | Case marker for Ἱπποκόωντα. |
| 16 | Ἱπποκόωντα | Ἱπποκόων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 μαχομένῳ | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 παῖδας | cc | high | Coordinates Ἱπποκόωντα and τοὺς παῖδας. |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 παῖδας | det | high | Article modifying παῖδας. |
| 19 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Ἱπποκόωντα | conj | medium | Coordinated with Ἱπποκόωντα under πρός. |
| 20 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἐμπόδιον | obj | high | Object of ἀπήντησεν; likely adverbial accusative of respect/'nothing'. |
| 21 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 23 Ἥρας | case | high | Case marker. |
| 22 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Ἥρας | det | high | Article modifying Ἥρας. |
| 23 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐμπόδιον | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 24 | ἀπήντησεν | ἀπαντάω | VERB | AOR_ACT_IND_3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 μαχομένῳ | conj | high | Finite verb within the causal clause. |
| 25 | ἐμπόδιον | ἐμπόδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπήντησεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/resultative complement with ἀπαντάω; analysis uncertain. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπήντησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 32 ἐδόξαζεν | mark | high | Introduces comparative clause. |
| 28 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 27 ὥσπερ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 29 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 31 ἄλλων | case | high | Case marker. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 ἄλλων | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλων. |
| 31 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἐδόξαζεν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 32 | ἐδόξαζεν | δοξάζω | VERB | IMPF_ACT_IND_3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 24 ἀπήντησεν | advcl | high | Comparative clause predicate. |
| 33 | ἐναντιοῦσθαί | ἐναντιόομαι | VERB | PRES_MID_INF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 32 ἐδόξαζεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive after ἐδόξαζεν. |
| 34 | οἱ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 33 ἐναντιοῦσθαί | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/disadvantage with infinitive. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 θεόν | det | high | Article modifying θεόν. |
| 36 | θεόν | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐναντιοῦσθαί | obj | high | Object of ἐναντιοῦσθαί. |
| 37 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |