Grammar parses for passage 3.16.4
Open translation for this passage
τάδε μὲν οὕτω γενέσθαι λέγουσιν·
Impersonal λέγουσιν governs the articular infinitive γενέσθαι; τάδε is the neuter plural demonstrative object/content, while μὲν is a discourse particle without an overt paired δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | RD--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 λέγουσιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | --------- | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | Discourse particle; no inflectional features. |
| 3 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN---- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, functioning as the reported proposition/content of λέγουσιν. |
| 5 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V- PIA-3P- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἰόντι δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας ἀπὸ τοῦ Χιτῶνος Χίλωνός ἐστιν ἡρῷον τοῦ σοφοῦ νομιζομένου καὶ Ἀθηνοδώρου τῶν ὁμοῦ Δωριεῖ τῷ Ἀναξανδρίδου σταλέντων ἐς Σικελίαν·
The sentence has an understood personal subject with ἰόντι; ἡρῷον is the finite-clause subject, while τοῦ σοφοῦ νομιζομένου and the coordinated genitive phrase identify Chilon and Athenodorus. The attachment of ἀπὸ τοῦ Χιτῶνος is locational and slightly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | PAPMSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Dative participle, circumstantial with an understood traveler. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἰόντι | mark | high | Introduces the directional adjunct. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 πύλας | case | high | |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 πύλας | det | high | |
| 6 | πύλας | πύλη | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἰόντι | obl | high | |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Χιτῶνος | case | medium | Likely marks the starting point, 'from the Chiton'; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Χιτῶνος | det | high | |
| 9 | Χιτῶνος | χιτών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἰόντι | obl | medium | Genitive object of ἀπό; place-name or garment-name reading depends on context. |
| 10 | Χίλωνός | Χίλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡρῷον | nmod | high | Genitive possessor: the heroon of Chilon. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἡρῷον | ἡρῷον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 σοφοῦ | det | high | |
| 14 | σοφοῦ | σοφός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 νομιζομένου | xcomp | medium | Substantivized adjective, predicated of the understood referent of νομιζομένου. |
| 15 | νομιζομένου | νομίζω | VERB | PPPMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 Χίλωνός | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with Chilon; σοφοῦ is its predicative complement. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 Ἀθηνοδώρου | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ἀθηνοδώρου | Ἀθηνόδωρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡρῷον | nmod | high | Coordinated genitive name. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 σταλέντων | det | high | |
| 19 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 23 σταλέντων | advmod | high | Means 'together'. |
| 20 | Δωριεῖ | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 σταλέντων | obl | high | Dative with σταλέντων, the person with whom they were sent. |
| 21 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Δωριεῖ | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἀναξανδρίδου | Ἀναξανδρίδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Δωριεῖ | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying Δωριεῖ. |
| 23 | σταλέντων | στέλλω | VERB | APPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 Ἀθηνοδώρου | acl | high | Genitive plural participle agreeing with Χίλωνός and Ἀθηνοδώρου. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 Σικελίαν | case | high | |
| 25 | Σικελίαν | Σικελία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 σταλέντων | obl | high | Destination of being sent. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἐστάλησαν δὲ τὴν Ἐρυκίνην χώραν νομίζοντες τῶν ἀπογόνων τῶν Ἡρακλέους εἶναι καὶ οὐ βαρβάρων τῶν ἐχόντων.
The passive ἐστάλησαν has an understood plural subject; νομίζοντες is a circumstantial participle whose accusative object τὴν Ἐρυκίνην χώραν is understood as the subject of εἶναι. The genitive phrases specify whose land it was: descended from Heracles rather than belonging to barbarians; the final τῶν ἐχόντων is substantivized and elliptical for those possessing/holding it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐστάλησαν | στέλλω | VERB | V3PAPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive finite verb; subject is understood from context. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 ἐστάλησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAFS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 χώραν | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἐρυκίνην | Ἐρυκίνη | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 χώραν | amod | medium | Toponymic proper adjective agreeing with χώραν; lemma normalized as feminine place-name. |
| 5 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 νομίζοντες | obj | high | Accusative object of νομίζοντες. |
| 6 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἐστάλησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial/coordinating participle with the understood subject of ἐστάλησαν. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DGN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀπογόνων | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀπογόνων | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εἶναι | obl | medium | Genitive predicate complement with εἶναι, understood in the sense of belonging to descendants. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DGM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπογόνων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀπογόνων. |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 νομίζοντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of νομίζοντες; τὴν Ἐρυκίνην χώραν is its understood accusative subject. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 11 εἶναι | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive predicates. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | -------- | Polarity=Neg | 14 βαρβάρων | advmod | high | Negates the second predicate. |
| 14 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εἶναι | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive adjective, coordinated semantically with ἀπογόνων. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DGM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐχόντων | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 βαρβάρων | acl | medium | Substantivized genitive participle, ‘those possessing/holding’; exact ellipsis is context-dependent. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐστάλησαν | punct | high |
Ἡρακλέα γὰρ ἔχει λόγος παλαῖσαι πρὸς Ἔρυκα ἐπὶ τοῖσδε εἰρημένοις, ἢν μὲν Ἡρακλῆς νικήσῃ, γῆν τὴν Ἔρυκος Ἡρακλέους εἶναι, κρατηθέντος δὲ τῇ πάλῃ βοῦς τὰς Γηρυόνου---
The sentence is reported speech with ἔχει λόγος and an accusative-plus-infinitive construction; the conditional continuation is syntactically incomplete at the supplied dash. The final βοῦς τὰς Γηρυόνου is textually/grammatically difficult, likely an elliptical or corrupt continuation, so its attachment is tentative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παλαῖσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive παλαῖσαι. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | c-------- | _ | 3 ἔχει | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb. |
| 4 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει. |
| 5 | παλαῖσαι | παλαίω | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἔχει | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔχει, with Ἡρακλέα as accusative subject. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | r-------- | _ | 7 Ἔρυκα | case | high | Preposition governing Ἔρυκα. |
| 7 | Ἔρυκα | Ἔρυξ | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παλαῖσαι | obl | high | Opponent with πρὸς. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 10 εἰρημένοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative participial phrase. |
| 9 | τοῖσδε | ὅδε | DET | pd---d-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 εἰρημένοις | det | high | Demonstrative determiner with εἰρημένοις. |
| 10 | εἰρημένοις | λέγω | VERB | v-prpamd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 παλαῖσαι | obl | high | Perfect middle/passive participle, substantivized or modifying understood terms; governed by ἐπί. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰρημένοις | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 νικήσῃ | mark | high | Conditional conjunction introducing a subjunctive protasis. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | c-------- | _ | 15 νικήσῃ | discourse | high | Correlative particle; apodotic δέ follows later. |
| 14 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 νικήσῃ | nsubj | high | Subject of νικήσῃ. |
| 15 | νικήσῃ | νικάω | VERB | v3sasa--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἔχει | advcl | high | Aorist subjunctive in the protasis. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 νικήσῃ | punct | high | |
| 17 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι in the apodosis. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 γῆν | det | high | Article modifying γῆν. |
| 19 | Ἔρυκος | Ἔρυξ | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 γῆν | nmod | high | Possessive/genitival modifier of γῆν. |
| 20 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 γῆν | nmod | high | Predicative possessive genitive with εἶναι. |
| 21 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | v--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 νικήσῃ | xcomp | high | Infinitive apodosis, coordinated semantically with the protasis. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 23 | κρατηθέντος | κρατέω | VERB | v-sappmg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 26 πάλῃ | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-looking participle, but its masculine singular form and supplied truncation make attachment uncertain. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 23 κρατηθέντος | cc | high | Connective particle introducing the alternative condition. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 πάλῃ | det | high | Article modifying πάλῃ. |
| 26 | πάλῃ | πάλη | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 κρατηθέντος | obl | medium | Dative of respect or instrumental association with κρατηθέντος; exact syntax uncertain. |
| 27 | βοῦς | βοῦς | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 εἶναι | obj | low | Form is ambiguous in isolation and the continuation is truncated; parsed tentatively as an accusative plural object. |
| 28 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 βοῦς | det | medium | Article agreeing with the likely accusative plural βοῦς. |
| 29 | Γηρυόνου | Γηρυών | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 βοῦς | nmod | low | Genitive modifier, likely ‘of Geryon’; exact relation is uncertain because the sentence is truncated. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 Γηρυόνου | punct | high | Dash marking truncation. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 - | punct | high | Dash marking truncation. |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 - | punct | high | Dash marking truncation. |