Grammar parses for passage 3.16.5
Open translation for this passage
ταύτας γὰρ τότε ἤλαυνεν Ἡρακλῆς, διανηξαμένας δὲ ἐπὶ Σικελίαν κατὰ τὸν ἔλαιον τὸν κυφὸν ἀνευρήσων ἐπιδιέβη.
The sentence has a finite narrative verb ἤλαυνεν followed by a main finite ἐπιδιέβη; διανηξαμένας is an accusative participial clause referring to ταύτας, while ἀνευρήσων is a nominative purpose participle with Heracles as subject. The exact lemma and sense of ἐπιδιέβη are uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτας | οὗτος | PRON | PD---AF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 4 ἤλαυνεν | obj | high | Accusative feminine plural demonstrative, object of ἤλαυνεν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | --------- | _ | 4 ἤλαυνεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τότε | τότε | ADV | --------- | _ | 4 ἤλαυνεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 4 | ἤλαυνεν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 17 ἐπιδιέβη | ccomp | medium | Imperfect indicative; coordinate narrative verb embedded under the later finite action, with subject Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 5 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | --------N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἤλαυνεν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of ἤλαυνεν; understood as subject of ἐπιδιέβη as well. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἤλαυνεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 7 | διανηξαμένας | διανήχομαι | VERB | V--AMP-AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐπιδιέβη | advcl | medium | Aorist middle participle, accusative feminine plural; agrees with the understood referent of ταύτας and is adverbial. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | --------- | _ | 7 διανηξαμένας | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the participial clause. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 10 Σικελίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative motion toward. |
| 10 | Σικελίαν | Σικελία | PROPN | --------A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 διανηξαμένας | obl | high | Accusative goal with ἐπί. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 13 ἔλαιον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἔλαιον | det | high | Article modifying ἔλαιον. |
| 13 | ἔλαιον | ἔλαιος | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 διανηξαμένας | obl | medium | Accusative object of κατά; likely the route or landmark 'the olive tree'. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 κυφὸν | det | high | Article modifying κυφόν. |
| 15 | κυφὸν | κυφός | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔλαιον | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with ἔλαιον: bent or crooked. |
| 16 | ἀνευρήσων | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | V--FAPMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐπιδιέβη | advcl | high | Future active nominative masculine singular participle, purpose-oriented, with understood subject Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 17 | ἐπιδιέβη | ἐπι|||| | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Finite aorist indicative root; lexical form is uncertain because the transmitted form may reflect a compound of διαβαίνω or a related verb. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐπιδιέβη | punct | high | Full stop. |
τὰς οὖν βοῦς ἔδει κρατηθέντος Ἡρακλέους τὸν Ἔρυκα ἄγοντα οἴχεσθαι.
ἔδει is impersonal and governs the articular infinitive phrase; κρατηθέντος Ἡρακλέους is a genitive absolute, while τὸν Ἔρυκα is the accusative subject of ἄγοντα, agreeing with the understood subject of οἴχεσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 βοῦς | det | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἔδει | advmod | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | βοῦς | βοῦς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 οἴχεσθαι | obj | medium | Object of ἄγοντα; lexical number is formally ambiguous, but τὰς makes plural feminine. |
| 4 | ἔδει | δεῖ | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal verb. |
| 5 | κρατηθέντος | κρατέω | VERB | V-APP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 Ἡρακλέους | acl | high | Part of genitive absolute. |
| 6 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 οἴχεσθαι | obl | medium | Genitive-absolute noun; the construction is attached to the infinitival event. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἔρυκα | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἔρυκα | Ἔρυξ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγοντα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the participle/infinitive phrase. |
| 9 | ἄγοντα | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 οἴχεσθαι | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with τὸν Ἔρυκα; governs βοῦς. |
| 10 | οἴχεσθαι | οἴχομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 4 ἔδει | xcomp | high | Articular infinitival complement of impersonal ἔδει. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔδει | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ εὐμενὲς ἐκ τῶν θεῶν οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ Ἡρακλεῖ καὶ ὕστερον Δωριεῖ τῷ Ἀναξανδρίδου παρεγένετο, ἀλλὰ Ἡρακλῆς μὲν ἀποκτίννυσιν Ἔρυκα, Δωριέα δὲ αὐτόν τε καὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς διέφθειραν τὸ πολὺ Ἐγεσταῖοι.
The first clause has a substantivized neuter adjective as subject; παρεγένετο governs the dative recipients Ἡρακλεῖ and Δωριεῖ. In the second clause, Ἡρακλῆς is subject of the singular verb, while Δωριέα is accusative with the following plural verb; αὐτόν refers back to Δωριέα and τῆς στρατιᾶς is a partitive genitive. The apparent number mismatch in Δωριέα ... διέφθειραν is retained as transmitted syntax, with Ἐγεσταῖοι as the plural subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 εὐμενὲς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 16 παρεγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive adversative particle. |
| 3 | εὐμενὲς | εὐμενής | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 παρεγένετο | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 6 θεῶν | case | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 θεῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 εὐμενὲς | obl | high | Source genitive governed by ἐκ. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 16 παρεγένετο | advmod | high | |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 9 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 9 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 16 παρεγένετο | obl | medium | Crasis ταὐτά; substantival accusative, ‘in the same way/things’. |
| 10 | Ἡρακλεῖ | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παρεγένετο | iobj | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 Δωριεῖ | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative recipients. |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D | _ | 13 Δωριεῖ | advmod | high | |
| 13 | Δωριεῖ | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παρεγένετο | iobj | high | |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ἀναξανδρίδου | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀναξανδρίδου | Ἀναξανδρίδης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Δωριεῖ | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying Δωριεῖ. |
| 16 | παρεγένετο | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρεγένετο | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C- | _ | 21 ἀποκτίννυσιν | cc | high | Adversative coordinator introducing the contrastive clause. |
| 19 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποκτίννυσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 21 ἀποκτίννυσιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 21 | ἀποκτίννυσιν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 παρεγένετο | conj | high | Coordinate finite verb in contrastive clause. |
| 22 | Ἔρυκα | Ἔρυξ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποκτίννυσιν | obj | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀποκτίννυσιν | punct | high | |
| 24 | Δωριέα | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 διέφθειραν | obj | medium | Accusative coordinated contrastively with the preceding object; the following plural verb creates a transmitted/syntactically unusual construction. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 31 διέφθειραν | cc | high | Correlative with μέν. |
| 26 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 31 διέφθειραν | obj | high | Refers to Δωριέα. |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G- | _ | 26 αὐτόν | cc | high | Correlates αὐτόν with the following coordinated object phrase. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 30 στρατιᾶς | cc | high | Coordinates στρατιᾶς with αὐτόν. |
| 29 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 30 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 διέφθειραν | obl | medium | Partitive genitive: ‘the greater part of the army’. |
| 31 | διέφθειραν | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἀποκτίννυσιν | conj | high | Coordinate verb; plural subject follows at token 34. |
| 32 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 33 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 διέφθειραν | obj | medium | Substantivized τὸ πολύ, likely ‘the greater part’; analyzed as a second object-like complement. |
| 34 | Ἐγεσταῖοι | Ἐγεσταῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 διέφθειραν | nsubj | high | |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρεγένετο | punct | high |