Grammar parses for passage 3.16.6
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καὶ Λυκούργῳ τῷ θεμένῳ τοὺς νόμους οἷα δὴ θεῷ πεποιήκασι καὶ τούτῳ ἱερόν.
The sentence has an understood/copular predicate: the Spartans have made a sanctuary for Lycurgus, treating him as a god; τῷ θεμένῳ is an attributive participle agreeing with Λυκούργῳ, and οἷα ... θεῷ is a comparative/explanatory phrase. The exact scope of οἷα is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 πεποιήκασι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 πεποιήκασι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Λυκούργῳ | cc | medium | Coordinates Λυκούργῳ with the preceding discourse subject/topic. |
| 4 | Λυκούργῳ | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | NPMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἱερόν | iobj | high | Dative of dedication/beneficiary. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 θεμένῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | θεμένῳ | τίθημι | VERB | V-ADP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 Λυκούργῳ | acl | high | Attributive aorist middle participle, ‘who established/la[id] down’. |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 νόμους | det | high | |
| 8 | νόμους | νόμος | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 θεμένῳ | obj | high | Object of θεμένῳ. |
| 9 | οἷα | οἷος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 πεποιήκασι | advmod | low | Neuter plural adverbial/comparative form, probably ‘as if/as being’; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 10 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 9 οἷα | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 11 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 οἷα | obl | low | Dative in the comparative/explanatory phrase with οἷα; exact construction uncertain. |
| 12 | πεποιήκασι | ποιέω | VERB | V-RIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἱερόν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 14 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | D-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 ἱερόν | iobj | high | Dative of dedication/beneficiary, referring to Lycurgus. |
| 15 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πεποιήκασι | obj | high | Second coordinated object/predicate: ‘a sanctuary’. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 πεποιήκασι | punct | high |
τάφος δέ ἐστιν ὄπισθε μὲν τοῦ ναοῦ τῷ Λυκούργου παιδὶ Εὐκόσμῳ, πρὸς δὲ τῷ βωμῷ Λαθρίας καὶ Ἀναξάνδρας·
The sentence contrasts two locations in a μέν...δέ structure: behind the temple is the tomb of Eukosmos, son of Lycurgus; by the altar of Lathria and Anaxandra is the corresponding location. The dative τῷ...παιδί is treated as an identifying/possessive dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ὄπισθε | ὄπισθε | ADV | d-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial locative, coordinated in a μὲν...δέ construction. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g-------- | _ | 4 ὄπισθε | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 7 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὄπισθε | obl | high | Genitive with ὄπισθε. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παιδὶ | det | high | |
| 9 | Λυκούργου | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παιδὶ | nmod | high | |
| 10 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ναοῦ | nmod | medium | Dative identifying the person to whom the tomb belongs; syntactically dependent on ναοῦ phrase. |
| 11 | Εὐκόσμῳ | Εὔκοσμος | PROPN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παιδὶ | appos | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | r-------- | _ | 16 βωμῷ | case | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 16 βωμῷ | cc | high | |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 βωμῷ | det | high | |
| 16 | βωμῷ | βωμός | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative governed by πρός, expressing location. |
| 17 | Λαθρίας | Λαθρία | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 βωμῷ | nmod | medium | Proper name in the genitive, likely specifying the altar's deity or dedication. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 19 Ἀναξάνδρας | cc | high | |
| 19 | Ἀναξάνδρας | Ἀναξάνδρα | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Λαθρίας | conj | high | Coordinated with Λαθρίας. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
αἱ δὲ αὐταί τε ἦσαν δίδυμοι καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ σφᾶς οἱ τʼ Ἀριστοδήμου παῖδες ἅτε ὄντες καὶ αὐτοὶ δίδυμοι λαμβάνουσι,
The first clause has αἱ αὐταί ... δίδυμοι as its subject and predicative adjective; παῖδες is the subject of λαμβάνουσι, with ἅτε ὄντες καὶ αὐτοὶ δίδυμοι as a causal/characterizing participial adjunct. The placement of τε around αὐταί and the elided τʼ is somewhat syntactically compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐταί | αὐτός | PRON | P-----NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 ἦσαν | copul | medium | Intensive pronoun with τε; coordinated predicate/identificational emphasis. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 αὐταί | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | δίδυμοι | δίδυμος | ADJ | A---NPM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective; feminine form is syncretic with masculine plural in this ending. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 λαμβάνουσι | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite predicates. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 τούτῳ | case | high | With dative τούτῳ. |
| 9 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | P---DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 λαμβάνουσι | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, ‘on account of this/in this respect’. |
| 10 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-1--AP- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 λαμβάνουσι | obj | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 12 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 παῖδες | cc | medium | Elided τε, likely part of τε...καί construction. |
| 13 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 παῖδες | nmod:poss | high | |
| 14 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 λαμβάνουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἅτε | ἅτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ὄντες | advmod | high | Introduces causal/characterizing participial phrase. |
| 16 | ὄντες | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 λαμβάνουσι | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the subject παῖδες. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 αὐτοὶ | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also’ with αὐτοί. |
| 18 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 19 δίδυμοι | amod | high | Intensive pronoun modifying δίδυμοι. |
| 19 | δίδυμοι | δίδυμος | ADJ | A---NPM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὄντες | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of ὄντες. |
| 20 | λαμβάνουσι | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἦσαν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 λαμβάνουσι | punct | high |
θυγατέρες δὲ ἦσαν Θερσάνδρου τοῦ Ἀγαμηδίδα, βασιλεύοντος μὲν Κλεωναίων, τετάρτου δὲ ἀπογόνου Κτησίππου τοῦ Ἡρακλέους.
The sentence identifies the daughters as those of Thersander, with a genitive absolute giving his kingship among the Cleonaeans and a further genitive apposition/description identifying him as the fourth descendant of Heracles' son Ctesippus; the exact antecedent of τετάρτου is syntactically elliptical but is taken with Θερσάνδρου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θυγατέρες | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N- -NP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | Θερσάνδρου | Θέρσανδρος | PROPN | N-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦσαν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: daughters of Thersander. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀγαμηδίδα | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀγαμηδίδα | Ἀγαμηδίδας | PROPN | N-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Θερσάνδρου | nmod | medium | Patronymic/ancestral genitive, likely 'of Agamedes'; form is morphologically ambiguous in this context. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Θερσάνδρου | punct | high | |
| 8 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 Θερσάνδρου | acl | high | Genitive absolute with Θερσάνδρου understood as participial subject. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 βασιλεύοντος | advmod | high | Correlative particle, balanced by δὲ at token 13. |
| 10 | Κλεωναίων | Κλεωναῖος | PROPN | N-GP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 βασιλεύοντος | obl | high | Genitive of the people ruled: 'of the Cleonaeans'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 βασιλεύοντος | punct | high | |
| 12 | τετάρτου | τέταρτος | ADJ | A-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Θερσάνδρου | amod | medium | Genitive predicative/appositional modifier of Θερσάνδρου; the counted lineage relation is elliptical. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 τετάρτου | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | ἀπογόνου | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 τετάρτου | nmod | high | Appositional noun with τετάρτου: fourth descendant. |
| 15 | Κτησίππου | Κτήσιππος | PROPN | N-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπογόνου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀπογόνου: descendant of Ctesippus. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Κτησίππου | nmod | high | Genitive apposition/ancestor relation: Ctesippus, son or descendant of Heracles. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | punct | high |
τοῦ ναοῦ δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ μνῆμα Θεοπόμπου τοῦ Νικάνδρου, τὸ δὲ Εὐρυβιάδου Λακεδαιμονίων τριήρεσιν ἐπʼ Ἀρτεμισίῳ καὶ Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχήσαντος πρὸς Μήδους,
The sentence is an elliptical nominal construction: μνῆμα is the predicate/head for two coordinated memorial descriptions, with τοῦ ναοῦ as a genitive reference phrase; the second memorial is linked by τὸ δὲ and its genitive absolute-like participial phrase (Εὐρυβιάδου ... ναυμαχήσαντος).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 2 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Reference genitive: 'opposite the temple'. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 μνῆμα | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἀπαντικρὺ | ἀπαντικρύ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 μνῆμα | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'opposite'; governs or licenses the following genitive. |
| 5 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Elliptical nominal sentence; repeated/understood for the second memorial. |
| 6 | Θεοπόμπου | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the memorial. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Νικάνδρου | det | high | |
| 8 | Νικάνδρου | Νίκανδρος | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Θεοπόμπου | nmod | high | Patronymic/relational genitive: Theopompus son/descendant of Nicander. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 μνῆμα | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Εὐρυβιάδου | det | high | Substantivized article, 'that [memorial]'. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Εὐρυβιάδου | cc | high | |
| 12 | Εὐρυβιάδου | Εὐρυβιάδης | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμα | conj | high | Genitive dependent on the understood/repeated μνῆμα. |
| 13 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ναυμαχήσαντος | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, 'of the Lacedaemonians'; linked to Eurybiades. |
| 14 | τριήρεσιν | τριήρης | NOUN | N-----FPI- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ναυμαχήσαντος | obl | high | Means/instrument dative: 'with triremes'. |
| 15 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Ἀρτεμισίῳ | case | high | Elided before a dative place name. |
| 16 | Ἀρτεμισίῳ | Ἀρτεμίσιον | PROPN | N-----NSD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ναυμαχήσαντος | obl | high | Place name with ἐπί; dative. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Σαλαμῖνι | cc | high | |
| 18 | Σαλαμῖνι | Σαλαμίς | PROPN | N-----FSD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Ἀρτεμισίῳ | conj | high | Second place coordinated with Ἀρτεμισίῳ; governed by shared ἐπί. |
| 19 | ναυμαχήσαντος | ναυμαχέω | VERB | V-AAPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 Εὐρυβιάδου | acl | high | Genitive participle agreeing with Εὐρυβιάδου; descriptive genitive phrase. |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Μήδους | case | high | |
| 21 | Μήδους | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ναυμαχήσαντος | obl | high | Object of πρὸς with ναυμαχέω: 'against the Medes'. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 μνῆμα | punct | high |