Grammar parses for passage 3.16.7
Open translation for this passage
τὸ ξόανον δὲ ἐκεῖνο εἶναι λέγουσιν ὅ ποτε καὶ Ὀρέστης καὶ Ἰφιγένεια ἐκ τῆς Ταυρικῆς ἐκκλέπτουσιν·
The infinitive εἶναι is the complement of λέγουσιν, with τὸ ξόανον ἐκεῖνο as its accusative subject; ὅ introduces a relative clause whose antecedent is ξόανον, while ποτε and the coordinated names are subject of ἐκκλέπτουσιν. The relative-clause tense/form is textually unusual; analysis assumes present indicative ἐκκλέπτουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ξόανον | det | high | |
| 2 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 λέγουσιν | ccomp | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive is expected; form is nominative/accusative syncretic. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐκεῖνο | ἐκεῖνος | DET | PD-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ξόανον | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with ξόανον. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V---PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | |
| 6 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V3PPIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκκλέπτουσιν | obj | medium | Relative pronoun is formally nominative/accusative neuter singular; taken as accusative object of ἐκκλέπτουσιν, with antecedent ξόανον. |
| 8 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἐκκλέπτουσιν | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb, ‘once’. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Ὀρέστης | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ὀρέστης | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | NE--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκκλέπτουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Ἰφιγένεια | cc | high | |
| 12 | Ἰφιγένεια | Ἰφιγένεια | PROPN | NE--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ὀρέστης | conj | high | |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ἐκκλέπτουσιν | case | high | |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Ταυρικῆς | det | high | |
| 15 | Ταυρικῆς | Ταυρική | PROPN | A--GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκκλέπτουσιν | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective/name, ‘the Tauric land’. |
| 16 | ἐκκλέπτουσιν | ἐκκλέπτω | VERB | V3PPIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ὅ | acl:relcl | medium | Present form is retained as written; narrative context may suggest a historical/past interpretation. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἐς δὲ τὴν σφετέραν Λακεδαιμόνιοι κομισθῆναί φασιν Ὀρέστου καὶ ἐνταῦθα βασιλεύοντος.
Elliptical construction: Λακεδαιμόνιοι φασιν [Ὀρέστην] ἐς τὴν σφετέραν [γῆν] κομισθῆναι, καὶ ἐνταῦθα βασιλεύοντος [αὐτοῦ]; Ὀρέστου is a genitive absolute with καὶ, though the omitted/implicit subject is syntactically difficult.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 σφετέραν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 σφετέραν | det | high | |
| 4 | σφετέραν | σφέτερος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs | 6 κομισθῆναί | obl | medium | Substantivized possessive adjective; understood noun such as γῆν is omitted. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 φασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | κομισθῆναί | κομίζω | VERB | V-ANP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 φασιν | ccomp | high | Accusative subject is omitted or understood from context. |
| 7 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | medium | Likely genitive-absolute subject with βασιλεύοντος; the construction is elliptical. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 βασιλεύοντος | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D- | AdvType=Loc | 11 βασιλεύοντος | advmod | high | |
| 11 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 κομισθῆναί | advcl | medium | Genitive participle, probably genitive absolute with Ὀρέστου; coordination with the preceding infinitival content is elliptical. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 φασιν | punct | high |
καί μοι εἰκότα λέγειν μᾶλλόν τι δοκοῦσιν ἢ Ἀθηναῖοι.
The subject of δοκοῦσιν is Ἀθηναῖοι; λέγειν is its complementary infinitive, with εἰκότα as its accusative predicate/object-like complement. ἢ introduces the comparison after μᾶλλον, while μοι is ethical/dative of viewpoint. The exact scope of καί is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 δοκοῦσιν | cc | high | Coordinates with the preceding discourse; scope is context-dependent. |
| 2 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1sd | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 λέγειν | iobj | high | Dative of viewpoint/interest with λέγειν. |
| 3 | εἰκότα | εἰκός | ADJ | A- -nn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 λέγειν | obj | medium | Neuter plural accusative substantive/adjectival complement, ‘plausible things’; exact construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | λέγειν | λέγω | VERB | V—PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 δοκοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary present infinitive governed by δοκοῦσιν. |
| 5 | μᾶλλόν | μάλα | ADV | D | Degree=Cmp | 7 δοκοῦσιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying δοκοῦσιν. |
| 6 | τι | τις | PRON | P—-na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 μᾶλλόν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, strengthening μᾶλλον (‘rather/somewhat’). |
| 7 | δοκοῦσιν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb; subject follows. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 δοκοῦσιν | cc | high | Comparative conjunction governed by μᾶλλον. |
| 9 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A- -mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 δοκοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Nominative plural subject of δοκοῦσιν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 δοκοῦσιν | punct | high |
ποίῳ γὰρ δὴ λόγῳ κατέλιπεν ἂν ἐν Βραυρῶνι Ἰφιγένεια τὸ ἄγαλμα;
Rhetorical question: ποίῳ λόγῳ is an instrumental/causal dative phrase; κατέλιπεν ἄν is an irrealis aorist, with Ἰφιγένεια as subject and τὸ ἄγαλμα as object. The location phrase ἐν Βραυρῶνι modifies κατέλιπεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποίῳ | ποῖος | DET | A--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λόγῳ | det | high | Interrogative/indefinite-quality modifier of λόγῳ. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 κατέλιπεν | cc | high | Explanatory connective. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 κατέλιπεν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | NDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλιπεν | obl | high | Instrumental/causal dative phrase with ποίῳ. |
| 5 | κατέλιπεν | καταλείπω | VERB | V3SAAI | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist indicative form; ἄν supplies irrealis force. |
| 6 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 κατέλιπεν | aux | high | Modal particle marking potential/irrealis force with the aorist. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Βραυρῶνι | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 8 | Βραυρῶνι | Βραυρών | PROPN | proper | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλιπεν | obl | high | Place name, locative complement of ἐν. |
| 9 | Ἰφιγένεια | Ἰφιγένεια | PROPN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλιπεν | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέλιπεν. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 11 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | NASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλιπεν | obj | high | Direct object of κατέλιπεν. |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατέλιπεν | punct | high |
ἢ πῶς, ἡνίκα Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν χώραν ἐκλιπεῖν παρεσκευάζοντο, οὐκ ἐσέθεντο καὶ τοῦτο ἐς τὰς ναῦς;
Interrogative coordinating ἢ πῶς introduces an elliptical question: ‘or how could they not put this also aboard the ships?’ ἡνίκα introduces a temporal clause; ἐκλιπεῖν is an infinitival complement of παρεσκευάζοντο, with τὴν χώραν as its accusative subject/object of leaving. ἐσέθεντο is parsed as aorist middle indicative, ‘put/place for themselves’; τοῦτο is its object and ἐς τὰς ναῦς its directional complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _=_ | 12 ἐσέθεντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | πῶς | πῶς | ADV | ADV | _=_ | 12 ἐσέθεντο | advmod | high | Interrogative adverb in an elliptical question. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἐσέθεντο | punct | high | |
| 4 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | CONJ | _=_ | 9 παρεσκευάζοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 5 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 παρεσκευάζοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 χώραν | det | high | |
| 7 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐκλιπεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative with infinitive; semantically the entity left. |
| 8 | ἐκλιπεῖν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V--AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 παρεσκευάζοντο | xcomp | high | |
| 9 | παρεσκευάζοντο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐσέθεντο | advcl | high | Imperfect middle, ‘were preparing’; temporal subordinate clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἐσέθεντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | 粒 | Polarity=Neg | 12 ἐσέθεντο | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ἐσέθεντο | ἐντίθημι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely aorist middle of ἐντίθημι with movable/assimilated preverb; exact lexical analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _=_ | 14 τοῦτο | cc | high | Coordinates τοῦτο with an omitted or contextually supplied object. |
| 14 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 ἐσέθεντο | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 17 ναῦς | case | high | |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 ναῦς | det | high | |
| 17 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐσέθεντο | obl | high | Directional prepositional complement. |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἐσέθεντο | punct | high |