Grammar parses for passage 3.16.9
Open translation for this passage
μαρτύρια δέ μοι καὶ τάδε, τὴν ἐν Λακεδαίμονι Ὀρθίαν τὸ ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων εἶναι ξόανον·
Elliptical construction: μαρτύρια ... τάδε is the subject/predicate frame, with an implied copula and an accusative-and-infinitive clause (τὴν ... Ὀρθίαν ... ξόανον εἶναι) functioning as the content of the testimony. The article τὴν is likely substantivizing an omitted or understood feminine noun (sc. θεάν/Ἄρτεμιν), while Ὀρθίαν agrees with that understood feminine referent; τὸ ξόανον is the accusative subject of εἶναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτύρια | μαρτύριον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 τάδε | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject/predicate noun in an elliptical clause. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 μαρτύρια | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 μαρτύρια | iobj | high | Dative of the speaker/possessor or experiencer with μαρτύρια. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 τάδε | cc | high | Coordinates τάδε with the preceding discourse. |
| 5 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 0 ROOT | root | high | Demonstrative predicate/topic, with μαρτύρια as its appositional or predicative specification. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 τάδε | punct | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ὀρθίαν | det | medium | Article substantivizing an omitted feminine noun, understood from Ὀρθίαν. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 9 Λακεδαίμονι | case | high | Preposition governing Λακεδαίμονι. |
| 9 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | NEPDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ὀρθίαν | obl | high | Locative dative in the ἐν phrase. |
| 10 | Ὀρθίαν | Ὀρθία | PROPN | NEP-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | obj | medium | Feminine accusative proper name, agreeing with the understood feminine referent substantivized by τὴν; syntactic attachment within the infinitival clause is elliptical. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ξόανον | det | high | Article with ξόανον. |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 14 βαρβάρων | case | high | Preposition governing τῶν βαρβάρων. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DGP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων. |
| 14 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ξόανον | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐκ. |
| 15 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 τάδε | ccomp | high | Present infinitive introducing the accusative-and-infinitive content clause. |
| 16 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 τάδε | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ Ἀστράβακος καὶ Ἀλώπεκος οἱ Ἴρβου τοῦ Ἀμφισθένους τοῦ Ἀμφικλέους τοῦ Ἄγιδος τὸ ἄγαλμα εὑρόντες αὐτίκα παρεφρόνησαν·
The substantival οἱ ... εὑρόντες denotes the plural discoverers; the long genitive chain identifies the statue as belonging to Astrabacus and Alopekos, descendants of Agis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 παρεφρόνησαν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject, with μὲν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 19 παρεφρόνησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | Ἀστράβακος | Ἀστράβακος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγαλμα | nmod | medium | Genitive name coordinated with Ἀλώπεκος; dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 6 Ἀλώπεκος | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ἀλώπεκος | Ἀλώπεκος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀστράβακος | conj | medium | Coordinated genitive name. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---nm-p- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εὑρόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the following genealogical names/phrase. |
| 8 | Ἴρβου | Ἴρβος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀμφισθένους | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic name. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---mg-s- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀμφισθένους | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀμφισθένους | Ἀμφισθένης | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀμφικλέους | nmod | high | Genitive ancestor name. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---mg-s- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀμφικλέους | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀμφικλέους | Ἀμφικλῆς | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἄγιδος | nmod | high | Genitive ancestor name. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---mg-s- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἄγιδος | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἄγιδος | Ἄγις | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Final genitive ancestor name; the chain is οἱ Ἴρβου ... τοῦ Ἄγιδος. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---na-s- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 16 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 εὑρόντες | obj | high | Object of εὑρόντες. |
| 17 | εὑρόντες | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V--sapamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 παρεφρόνησαν | advcl | high | Aorist participle with οἱ understood/substantival subject; temporal or causal adjunct. |
| 18 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 19 παρεφρόνησαν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | παρεφρόνησαν | παραφρονέω | VERB | V--aaia3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 παρεφρόνησαν | punct | high |
τοῦτο δὲ οἱ Λιμνᾶται Σπαρτιατῶν καὶ Κυνοσουρεῖς καὶ οἱ ἐκ Μεσόας τε καὶ Πιτάνης θύοντες τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι ἐς διαφοράν, ἀπὸ δὲ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐς φόνους προήχθησαν, ἀποθανόντων δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ πολλῶν νόσος ἔφθειρε τοὺς λοιπούς.
The sentence contains two coordinated finite predicates (προήχθησαν and ἔφθειρε); θύοντες is a circumstantial participle for the coordinated named groups, and ἀποθανόντων πολλῶν forms a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD------N-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 προήχθησαν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of προήχθησαν, with οἱ Λιμνᾶται etc. as explanatory subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 τοῦτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | PA-N---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λιμνᾶται | det | high | |
| 4 | Λιμνᾶται | Λιμνᾶται | PROPN | NP----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 θύοντες | nsubj | high | Member of coordinated subject, construed with θύοντες. |
| 5 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | NP----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λιμνᾶται | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent specifying the Lacedaemonians/Spartans. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Κυνοσουρεῖς | cc | high | |
| 7 | Κυνοσουρεῖς | Κυνοσουρεύς | PROPN | NP----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 θύοντες | conj | high | Coordinated with Λιμνᾶται. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | PA-N---MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 θύοντες | nsubj | high | Article substantivizing the following prepositional groups, coordinated with the preceding named groups. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Μεσόας | case | high | |
| 11 | Μεσόας | Μεσόα | PROPN | NP----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 οἱ | nmod | high | Place-name in genitive after ἐκ. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 καὶ | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Πιτάνης | cc | high | Coordinates the place names. |
| 14 | Πιτάνης | Πιτάνη | PROPN | NP----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 οἱ | conj | high | Second place-name governed by the shared ἐκ. |
| 15 | θύοντες | θύω | VERB | VPAPNMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 προήχθησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated subject understood. |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | PA-D---FS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀρτέμιδι | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀρτέμιδι | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | NP---DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 θύοντες | iobj | high | Dative recipient/deity of sacrifice. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 διαφοράν | case | high | |
| 19 | διαφοράν | διαφορά | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 προήχθησαν | obl | medium | Goal/result phrase: into discord. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 προήχθησαν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 προήχθησαν | cc | high | |
| 23 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-----GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 προήχθησαν | obl | high | Genitive object of ἀπό, referring to the discord. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 προήχθησαν | advmod | high | Also/further, extending the result. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 φόνους | case | high | |
| 26 | φόνους | φόνος | NOUN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 προήχθησαν | obl | high | Goal/result phrase: into killings. |
| 27 | προήχθησαν | προάγω | VERB | VAPI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 προήχθησαν | punct | high | |
| 29 | ἀποθανόντων | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | VAAPGMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 36 ἔφθειρε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with πολλῶν. |
| 30 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 ἀποθανόντων | cc | high | |
| 31 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 βωμῷ | case | high | |
| 32 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | PA-D---MS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 βωμῷ | det | high | |
| 33 | βωμῷ | βωμός | NOUN | N----DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἀποθανόντων | obl | high | Place phrase with ἐπί and dative. |
| 34 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A----GMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἀποθανόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject of ἀποθανόντων. |
| 35 | νόσος | νόσος | NOUN | N----NFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἔφθειρε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφθειρε. |
| 36 | ἔφθειρε | φθείρω | VERB | VIAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate of the final clause; coordinated narrative predicate after the genitive absolute. |
| 37 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | PA----MP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 λοιπούς | det | high | |
| 38 | λοιπούς | λοιπός | ADJ | A----AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἔφθειρε | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἔφθειρε. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἔφθειρε | punct | high |