Grammar parses for passage 3.17.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐπείργασται δὲ τῷ χαλκῷ πολλὰ μὲν τῶν ἄθλων Ἡρακλέους, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ὧν ἐθελοντὴς κατώρθωσε, Τυνδάρεω δὲ τῶν παίδων ἄλλα τε καὶ ἡ τῶν Λευκίππου θυγατέρων ἁρπαγή· καὶ Ἥφαιστος τὴν μητέρα ἐστὶν ἀπολύων τῶν δεσμῶν.
The first clause has a passive/perfect form meaning ‘are wrought/depicted’ with τῷ χαλκῷ as material/instrumental dative; the following coordinated accusative subjects/objects are elliptical under ἐπείργασται. In the final clause Ἥφαιστος is subject of an existential/copular construction, with ἀπολύων as a supplementary participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπείργασται | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive, impersonal or agreeing with an understood singular subject; governs the depicted scenes. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 4 χαλκῷ | det | high | |
| 4 | χαλκῷ | χαλκός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 ἐπείργασται | obl | medium | Material or instrumental dative: ‘in/on bronze’ or ‘with bronze’. |
| 5 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 ἐπείργασται | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural nominative, functioning as the first coordinated set of depicted things. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 5 πολλὰ | discourse | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 8 ἄθλων | det | high | |
| 8 | ἄθλων | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 5 πολλὰ | nmod | high | |
| 9 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 8 ἄθλων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄθλων. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | |
| 11 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 ἐπείργασται | conj | medium | Second coordinated set of depicted things; case is formally nominative neuter plural. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 πολλὰ | cc | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 πολλὰ | cc | high | Connects the second member with the relative phrase. |
| 14 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 16 κατώρθωσε | obj | medium | Relative pronoun, likely partitive/relativizing the things accomplished. |
| 15 | ἐθελοντὴς | ἐθελοντής | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 16 κατώρθωσε | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative with κατώρθωσε: ‘he accomplished voluntarily/as a volunteer’; exact attachment is elliptical. |
| 16 | κατώρθωσε | κατορθόω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 11 πολλὰ | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause predicate; understood subject is a male figure, probably Heracles or another contextually supplied agent. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | |
| 18 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 21 παίδων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παίδων: ‘the children of Tyndareus’. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 21 παίδων | det | high | |
| 21 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 22 ἄλλα | nmod | medium | Genitive phrase depending on an elided or implicit noun such as scenes/events; Τυνδάρεω is its dependent. |
| 22 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 ἐπείργασται | conj | medium | Another coordinated set of depicted things; τῶν παίδων is an associated genitive phrase. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ἁρπαγή | cc | high | Coordinates ἡ ... ἁρπαγή with ἄλλα. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 29 ἁρπαγή | det | high | |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 28 θυγατέρων | det | high | |
| 27 | Λευκίππου | Λεύκιππος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 28 θυγατέρων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θυγατέρων. |
| 28 | θυγατέρων | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 29 ἁρπαγή | nmod | high | |
| 29 | ἁρπαγή | ἁρπαγή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 22 ἄλλα | conj | high | ‘The abduction’; coordinated with ἄλλα. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 Ἥφαιστος | cc | high | |
| 32 | Ἥφαιστος | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 35 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 33 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 34 μητέρα | det | high | |
| 34 | μητέρα | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 36 ἀπολύων | obj | high | |
| 35 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Copular/existential verb; syntactically the final clause is coordinated with the preceding depiction clause, while ἀπολύων supplies the lexical predication. |
| 36 | ἀπολύων | ἀπολύω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 35 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Supplementary participle with ἐστίν: ‘is releasing’. |
| 37 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 38 δεσμῶν | det | high | |
| 38 | δεσμῶν | δεσμός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 36 ἀπολύων | obl | high | Genitive of separation: ‘from the bonds’. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 35 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἐδήλωσα δὲ καὶ ταῦτα, ὁποῖα λέγεται, πρότερον ἔτι ἐν τῇ Ἀτθίδι συγγραφῇ.
The parenthetical relative clause ὁποῖα λέγεται modifies the preceding neuter plural ταῦτα; λέγεται is singular, likely reflecting an impersonal or collective formulation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | VPAI1S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=1|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First-person aorist active indicative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσα | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ταῦτα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί modifying ταῦτα ('also'). |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ANP | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Demonstrative | 1 ἐδήλωσα | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural demonstrative pronoun, object of ἐδήλωσα. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ταῦτα | punct | high | Comma. |
| 6 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | PI-ANP | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Relative | 7 λέγεται | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural relative form, understood as the subject of λέγεται; may be interpreted substantivally. |
| 7 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | VPPI3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 4 ταῦτα | acl:relcl | medium | Impersonal/passive-like 'is said'; singular agrees with an implicit or collective neuter notion, while ὁποῖα is the relative content. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγεται | punct | high | Comma. |
| 9 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 λέγεται | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'earlier/before'. |
| 10 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 πρότερον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying πρότερον, reinforcing temporal precedence. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 συγγραφῇ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 13 Ἀτθίδι | det | high | Article modifying Ἀτθίδι. |
| 13 | Ἀτθίδι | Ἀτθίς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 14 συγγραφῇ | nmod | high | Dative proper noun, 'Attic [land/history]'; object of ἐν. |
| 14 | συγγραφῇ | συγγραφή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 λέγεται | obl | high | Dative of location/context with ἐν, 'in the Attic history'; ἐν attaches to this noun. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | Full stop. |
Περσεῖ δʼ ἐς Λιβύην καὶ ἐπὶ Μέδουσαν ὡρμημένῳ διδοῦσαι νύμφαι δῶρά εἰσι κυνῆν καὶ τὰ ὑποδήματα, ὑφʼ ὧν οἰσθήσεσθαι διὰ τοῦ ἀέρος ἔμελλεν.
The copular clause has νύμφαι as subject and διδοῦσαι as a participial predicate; the following μέλλεν clause is coordinated/paratactic and contains a future passive infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Περσεῖ | Περσεύς | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 διδοῦσαι | iobj | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 διδοῦσαι | cc | high | Elided form δʼ. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 4 Λιβύην | case | high | |
| 4 | Λιβύην | Λιβύη | PROPN | Ae.Acc.Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὡρμημένῳ | obl | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἐπὶ | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 7 Μέδουσαν | case | high | |
| 7 | Μέδουσαν | Μέδουσα | PROPN | Acc.Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὡρμημένῳ | obl | high | |
| 8 | ὡρμημένῳ | ὁρμάω | VERB | Perf.MP.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Mid | 9 διδοῦσαι | advcl | medium | Perfect middle participle, agreeing with Περσεῖ; ἐς... καί ἐπί... are its directional complements. |
| 9 | διδοῦσαι | δίδωμι | VERB | Pres.Act.Part.Nom.Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 εἰσι | acl | high | Participial predicate modifying νύμφαι. |
| 10 | νύμφαι | νύμφη | NOUN | Nom.Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 εἰσι | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | δῶρά | δῶρον | NOUN | Acc.Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 διδοῦσαι | obj | medium | First accusative object of διδοῦσαι; coordinated with τὰ ὑποδήματα. |
| 12 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | Pres.Act.Ind.3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | κυνῆν | κυνέη | NOUN | Acc.Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 δῶρά | appos | medium | Appositional specification of δῶρα (the cap/helmet). |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 ὑποδήματα | cc | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Pl.Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 ὑποδήματα | det | high | |
| 16 | ὑποδήματα | ὑπόδημα | NOUN | Acc.Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 δῶρά | conj | high | Coordinated second object with δῶρά. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 18 | ὑφʼ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 19 ὧν | case | high | Elided form ὑφʼ. |
| 19 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | Rel.Gen.Pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 20 οἰσθήσεσθαι | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by ὑπό. |
| 20 | οἰσθήσεσθαι | φέρω | VERB | Fut.Pass.Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Future|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 24 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future passive infinitive dependent on ἔμελλεν. |
| 21 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | _ | 23 ἀέρος | case | high | |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art.Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἀέρος | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀέρος | ἀήρ | NOUN | Gen.Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 οἰσθήσεσθαι | obl | high | |
| 24 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | Impf.Act.Ind.3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 εἰσι | parataxis | high | Imperfect μέλλω governs the future infinitive. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἰσι | punct | high |
ἐπείργασται δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐς τὴν Ἀθηνᾶς γένεσιν καὶ Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν, ἃ δὴ μέγιστα καὶ μάλιστα ἦν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν θέας ἄξια.
The passive ἐπείργασται governs τὰ ... καὶ Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν, with the latter names coordinated as objects/items represented by the neuter plural article; ἃ resumes the whole preceding object set. In ἃ ... ἦν ... ἄξια, δοκεῖν is an epexegetic infinitive with ἐμοί as experiencer and θέας ἄξια as predicate; μέγιστα and μάλιστα are predicative/degree modifiers, with some syntactic uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπείργασται | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect passive: ‘has been worked/constructed’; subject is understood or the following coordinated items are construed as passive objects/items. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | cc | high | Connective/additive conjunction. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 γένεσιν | det | high | Neuter plural article substantivizing the following phrase. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 γένεσιν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γένεσιν | det | high | Article with γένεσιν. |
| 7 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γένεσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γένεσιν. |
| 8 | γένεσιν | γένεσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπείργασται | obj | medium | Accusative object/content of ἐπείργασται within the substantivized τὰ ἐς phrase. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Ἀμφιτρίτη | cc | high | Coordinates the named mythological figures with the preceding item. |
| 10 | Ἀμφιτρίτη | Ἀμφιτρίτη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπείργασται | obj | low | Form is nominative, despite coordination in the apparent object sequence; likely an appositional/elliptical construction. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Ποσειδῶν | cc | high | Coordinates Ποσειδῶν with Ἀμφιτρίτη. |
| 12 | Ποσειδῶν | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀμφιτρίτη | conj | low | Nominative proper name coordinated with Ἀμφιτρίτη; syntactic relation is elliptical/uncertain. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἄξια | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural relative pronoun resumes the preceding works/items; interpreted as subject of ἦν with predicate ἄξια. |
| 15 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 16 μέγιστα | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 16 | μέγιστα | μέγας | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἄξια | advmod | medium | Neuter plural superlative, likely predicative or adverbial intensifier modifying ἄξια. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 μάλιστα | cc | high | Coordinates the two degree modifiers. |
| 18 | μάλιστα | μάλα | ADV | D--S | Degree=Sup | 23 ἄξια | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἄξια or the evaluative predicate. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 23 ἄξια | cop | medium | Imperfect copula; singular despite neuter plural subject, a common construction. |
| 20 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 21 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer with δοκεῖν (‘in my opinion’). |
| 21 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἄξια | xcomp | medium | Epexegetic infinitive expressing the evaluative viewpoint; attachment to ἄξια is syntactically idiomatic but not certain. |
| 22 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἄξια | nmod | high | Genitive of respect/reference with ἄξια: ‘worthy of viewing’. |
| 23 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἦν; agrees with neuter plural ἃ. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high |