Grammar parses for passage 3.17.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐπείργασται δὲ τῷ χαλκῷ πολλὰ μὲν τῶν ἄθλων Ἡρακλέους, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ὧν ἐθελοντὴς κατώρθωσε, Τυνδάρεω δὲ τῶν παίδων ἄλλα τε καὶ ἡ τῶν Λευκίππου θυγατέρων ἁρπαγή· καὶ Ἥφαιστος τὴν μητέρα ἐστὶν ἀπολύων τῶν δεσμῶν.
The sentence has two coordinated descriptive clauses; the first contains a list with μέν/δέ contrasts and a relative clause, and the second uses a participial construction with ἐστίν that may be analyzed slightly differently by parsers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπείργασται | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-3SRPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 χαλκῷ | det | high | Article with χαλκῷ. |
| 4 | χαλκῷ | χαλκός | NOUN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπείργασται | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 5 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπείργασται | obj | medium | Accusative neuter plural, coordinated with the following μέν/δέ structure. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 πολλὰ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἄθλων | det | high | Article with ἄθλων. |
| 8 | ἄθλων | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πολλὰ | nmod | high | Partitive/genitival complement of πολλά. |
| 9 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄθλων | nmod | high | Possessor/genitive dependent of ἄθλων. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπείργασται | obj | medium | Second coordinated πολλὰ. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 πολλὰ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 πολλὰ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 14 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 κατώρθωσε | obj | high | Relative pronoun in genitive; governs the relative clause semantics. |
| 15 | ἐθελοντὴς | ἐθελοντής | NOUN | N-NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κατώρθωσε | advcl | medium | Likely predicative nominal with the relative clause; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | κατώρθωσε | κατορθόω | VERB | V-3SAIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 πολλὰ | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | Ne-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἁρπαγή | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἁρπαγή. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 Τυνδάρεω | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 παίδων | det | high | Article with παίδων. |
| 21 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 Τυνδάρεω | nmod | high | Genitive complement of Τυνδάρεω. |
| 22 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἁρπαγή | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἁρπαγή. |
| 23 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 ἄλλα | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 ἁρπαγή | det | high | Article with ἁρπαγή. |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 θυγατέρων | det | high | Article with θυγατέρων. |
| 27 | Λευκίππου | Λεύκιππος | PROPN | Ne-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θυγατέρων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of θυγατέρων. |
| 28 | θυγατέρων | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-GPF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 ἁρπαγή | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἁρπαγή. |
| 29 | ἁρπαγή | ἁρπαγή | NOUN | N-NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπείργασται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπείργασται; nominal list item. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 Ἥφαιστος | cc | high | Sentence-initial coordinator. |
| 32 | Ἥφαιστος | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | Ne-N-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the second clause. |
| 33 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 μητέρα | det | high | Article with μητέρα. |
| 34 | μητέρα | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἀπολύων | obj | high | Object of ἀπολύων. |
| 35 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 36 ἀπολύων | aux | medium | Copular/auxiliary-like finite verb with participle; analysis may vary. |
| 36 | ἀπολύων | ἀπολύω | VERB | V-PAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 Ἥφαιστος | advcl | high | Participial predication modifying Ἥφαιστος. |
| 37 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 δεσμῶν | det | high | Article with δεσμῶν. |
| 38 | δεσμῶν | δεσμός | NOUN | N-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 ἀπολύων | obj | high | Genitive complement governed by ἀπολύων/ἀπολύω. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 Ἥφαιστος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐδήλωσα δὲ καὶ ταῦτα, ὁποῖα λέγεται, πρότερον ἔτι ἐν τῇ Ἀτθίδι συγγραφῇ.
The clause ὁποῖα λέγεται is treated as a relative clause modifying ταῦτα; πρότερον ἔτι forms an adverbial phrase modifying the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | V-AIA-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | PART | _ | _ | 4 ταῦτα | advmod | medium | Connective/limiting particle modifying ταῦτα. |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 ἐδήλωσα | obj | high | Direct object of ἐδήλωσα. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | PI-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 λέγεται | obj | medium | Relative/interrogative-like clause element; governed by λέγεται. |
| 7 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 ὁποῖα | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause verb modifying ὁποῖα. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D--- | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσα | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of ἐδήλωσα. |
| 10 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D--- | _ | 9 πρότερον | advmod | high | Modifies πρότερον. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 14 συγγραφῇ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ Ἀτθίδι συγγραφῇ. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 συγγραφῇ | det | high | Article modifying συγγραφῇ. |
| 13 | Ἀτθίδι | Ἀτθίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 συγγραφῇ | amod | medium | Attributive adjective/noun modifying συγγραφῇ; likely title/name 'Attic'. |
| 14 | συγγραφῇ | συγγραφή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐδήλωσα | obl | high | Prepositional oblique expressing location/means 'in the Attic work'. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Περσεῖ δʼ ἐς Λιβύην καὶ ἐπὶ Μέδουσαν ὡρμημένῳ διδοῦσαι νύμφαι δῶρά εἰσι κυνῆν καὶ τὰ ὑποδήματα, ὑφʼ ὧν οἰσθήσεσθαι διὰ τοῦ ἀέρος ἔμελλεν.
The clause is syntactically compressed: the gifts clause (νύμφαι ... εἰσι) and the infinitival future clause (οἰσθήσεσθαι) both depend on ἔμελλεν, with the participle ὡρμημένῳ modifying the dative reference Περσεῖ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Περσεῖ | Περσεύς | PROPN | N-S---DV- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 24 ἔμελλεν | obl | high | Dative of reference/interest with ἔμελλεν. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἔμελλεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Λιβύην | case | high | Governed by ὡρμημένῳ. |
| 4 | Λιβύην | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ὡρμημένῳ | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 Μέδουσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the two motion phrases. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Μέδουσαν | case | high | Governed by Μέδουσαν. |
| 7 | Μέδουσαν | Μέδουσα | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ὡρμημένῳ | obl | high | Destination with ἐπὶ. |
| 8 | ὡρμημένῳ | ὁρμάω | VERB | V-PPP-DSM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Middle | 24 ἔμελλεν | advcl | high | Participial circumstance modifying the main clause. |
| 9 | διδοῦσαι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPF- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Active | 10 νύμφαι | amod | medium | Attributive participle agreeing with νύμφαι, though syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 10 | νύμφαι | νύμφη | NOUN | N-P---FN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 12 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσι. |
| 11 | δῶρά | δῶρον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 12 εἰσι | obj | high | Predicate-like object within the equative clause. |
| 12 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 24 ἔμελλεν | ccomp | medium | Finite copula in a complement clause; attachment to ἔμελλεν is interpretive. |
| 13 | κυνῆν | κυνέη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 11 δῶρά | conj | high | Coordinated with τὰ ὑποδήματα as an item given. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ὑποδήματα | cc | high | Coordinates the two gift nouns. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-PA---NA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 16 ὑποδήματα | det | high | Article with ὑποδήματα. |
| 16 | ὑποδήματα | ὑπόδημα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 11 δῶρά | conj | high | Coordinated with κυνῆν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 18 | ὑφʼ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 19 ὧν | case | high | Agent marker with passive periphrasis. |
| 19 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-P---GN- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Rel | 20 οἰσθήσεσθαι | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by ὑπό. |
| 20 | οἰσθήσεσθαι | φέρω | VERB | V-FN---NF- | Tense=Future|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Passive | 24 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future passive infinitive dependent on ἔμελλεν. |
| 21 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 23 ἀέρος | case | high | Governed by ἀέρος. |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 23 ἀέρος | det | high | Article with ἀέρος. |
| 23 | ἀέρος | ἀήρ | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 20 οἰσθήσεσθαι | obl | high | Means/path phrase with διά. |
| 24 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπείργασται δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐς τὴν Ἀθηνᾶς γένεσιν καὶ Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν, ἃ δὴ μέγιστα καὶ μάλιστα ἦν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν θέας ἄξια.
Syntax is somewhat compressed: the relative clause ἃ ... ἄξια depends on the preceding coordinated items, with ἦν as copula and δοκεῖν as an infinitival complement; the initial τὰ ἐς τὴν Ἀθηνᾶς γένεσιν is treated as the main object phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπείργασται | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-Perf-Mid-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | COORD | _ | 4 τὰ | cc | high | Connects coordinated complements. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 1 ἐπείργασται | obj | medium | Article introducing the coordinated acc. phrase; governs the following ἐς phrase syntactically. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 8 γένεσιν | case | high | Preposition with acc. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 γένεσιν | det | high | Article modifying γένεσιν. |
| 7 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γένεσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of γένεσιν. |
| 8 | γένεσιν | γένεσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | COORD | _ | 10 Ἀμφιτρίτη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 10 | Ἀμφιτρίτη | Ἀμφιτρίτη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπείργασται | conj | medium | Likely coordinated subject/predicate nominative with Ποσειδῶν in an asyndetic/correlative list. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | COORD | _ | 12 Ποσειδῶν | cc | high | Connects the final coordinated name. |
| 12 | Ποσειδῶν | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀμφιτρίτη | conj | medium | Coordinated with Ἀμφιτρίτη. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 Ποσειδῶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | R-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 19 ἦν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of ἦν. |
| 15 | δὴ | δή | PART | D | _ | 14 ἃ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle modifying the relative clause. |
| 16 | μέγιστα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NPN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἦν; neuter plural agreeing with ἃ. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | COORD | _ | 18 μάλιστα | cc | high | Connects superlative adverbs. |
| 18 | μάλιστα | μάλα | ADV | D-Sup | Degree=Sup | 16 μέγιστα | conj | high | Correlative adverb coordinated with μέγιστα. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 23 ἄξια | cop | high | Copula in the relative clause. |
| 20 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 21 δοκεῖν | nsubj | medium | Dative with δοκεῖν, likely experiencer/subject of the infinitive construction. |
| 21 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 23 ἄξια | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive depending on ἄξια. |
| 22 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἄξια | nmod | high | Genitive of value with ἄξια. |
| 23 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἃ | acl:relcl | medium | Predicate adjective inside the relative clause; best attached to ἃ/relative clause as a whole. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |