Grammar parses for passage 3.18.10
Open translation for this passage
ἀνέχουσιν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτόν, κατὰ ταὐτὰ δὲ καὶ ὀπίσω, Χάριτές τε δύο καὶ Ὧραι δύο·
Elliptical coordination: ἀνέχουσιν governs αὐτόν, with ἔμπροσθεν and ὀπίσω as adverbial locations; Χάριτές and Ὧραι are coordinated nominative subjects, while κατὰ ταὐτὰ is an adverbial phrase meaning likewise. The identity and referent of the omitted/implicit subject are uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέχουσιν | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; subject is coordinated nominatives or contextually implicit. |
| 2 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἀνέχουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb of place, governing or introducing the object-position phrase. |
| 3 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἀνέχουσιν | obj | high | Accusative masculine singular object; antecedent supplied by context. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέχουσιν | punct | high | |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition governing ταὐτά in the adverbial phrase κατὰ ταὐτά. |
| 6 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὀπίσω | obl | medium | Crasis of τὰ αὐτά; substantivized neuter plural, adverbial 'in the same way'. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ὀπίσω | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ὀπίσω | cc | high | Coordinates ὀπίσω with the preceding adverbial expression. |
| 9 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἀνέχουσιν | conj | medium | Adverb of place coordinated with ἔμπροσθεν; κατὰ ταὐτά modifies the paired locative expression. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὀπίσω | punct | high | |
| 11 | Χάριτές | Χάρις | NOUN | N-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνέχουσιν | nsubj | medium | Coordinated nominative subject; form may be collective or distributive in the elliptical construction. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Χάριτές | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator linking Χάριτες with its numeral phrase. |
| 13 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 11 Χάριτές | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral agreeing semantically with Χάριτες. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 Ὧραι | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominative group. |
| 15 | Ὧραι | ὥρα | NOUN | N-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνέχουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject. |
| 16 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 15 Ὧραι | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral agreeing semantically with Ὧραι. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέχουσιν | punct | high |
ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ Ἔχιδνα ἕστηκε καὶ Τυφώς, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ Τρίτωνες.
Elliptical coordination: Ἔχιδνα and Τυφώς are coordinated subjects of ἕστηκε; the second prepositional phrase with Τρίτωνες has an understood verb (likely εἰσί/ἕστασιν).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 2 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 2 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A--FS-D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἕστηκε | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘on the left’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἕστηκε | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ἔχιδνα | Ἔχιδνα | PROPN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἕστηκε | nsubj | high | Mythological proper name. |
| 5 | ἕστηκε | ἵστημι | VERB | V--XRAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active may be stative (‘stands’); plural coordinated subject creates agreement irregularity or semantic coordination. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Τυφώς | cc | high | |
| 7 | Τυφώς | Τυφώς | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἕστηκε | conj | high | Mythological proper name; coordinated subject. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἕστηκε | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 10 δεξιᾷ | case | high | |
| 10 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A--FS-D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Τρίτωνες | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘on the right’; attached to the elliptical predicate. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Τρίτωνες | cc | high | |
| 12 | Τρίτωνες | Τρίτων | PROPN | N----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἕστηκε | conj | medium | Plural proper name; coordinated with the preceding subjects under an elliptical predicate. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἕστηκε | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐπειργασμένα καθʼ ἕκαστον ἐπʼ ἀκριβὲς διελθεῖν ὄχλον τοῖς ἐπιλεξομένοις παρέξειν ἔμελλεν· ὡς δὲ δηλῶσαι συλλαβόντι, ἐπεὶ μηδὲ ἄγνωστα τὰ πολλὰ ἦν, Ταϋγέτην θυγατέρα Ἄτλαντος καὶ ἀδελφὴν αὐτῆς Ἀλκυόνην φέρουσι Ποσειδῶν καὶ Ζεύς.
The first clause has an accusative-infinitive construction with ἐπειργασμένα as subject and παρέξειν as an infinitive dependent on ἔμελλεν; the second clause is an explanatory compressed summary, with Ταϋγέτην and Ἀλκυόνην coordinated objects of φέρουσι and Ποσειδῶν καὶ Ζεύς as coordinated subjects. The participle συλλαβόντι is dative of manner/reference, with ὡς δηλῶσαι introducing a concise explanatory infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἐπειργασμένα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | Polarity=Pos | 13 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπειργασμένα | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMPNPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 διελθεῖν | nsubj | high | Substantivized perfect passive participle. |
| 4 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 ἕκαστον | case | high | Elided form before accusative. |
| 5 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 διελθεῖν | obl | medium | Accusative singular used adverbially, ‘in each case/detail’. |
| 6 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 7 ἀκριβὲς | case | high | Elided form. |
| 7 | ἀκριβὲς | ἀκριβής | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 διελθεῖν | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘precisely’; form is neuter singular. |
| 8 | διελθεῖν | διέρχομαι | VERB | V--PAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 παρέξειν | xcomp | high | |
| 9 | ὄχλον | ὄχλος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διελθεῖν | obj | high | Object of διελθεῖν. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἐπιλεξομένοις | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐπιλεξομένοις | ἐπιλέγομαι | VERB | V-FMPMDP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 παρέξειν | iobj | medium | Substantivized dative future-middle participle, ‘those who will read/select’. |
| 12 | παρέξειν | παρέχω | VERB | V-FAN---- | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future infinitive governed by ἔμελλεν. |
| 13 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI3S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 17 δηλῶσαι | mark | medium | Introduces explanatory infinitive. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | Polarity=Pos | 17 δηλῶσαι | cc | high | |
| 17 | δηλῶσαι | δηλόω | VERB | V-AAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἔμελλεν | advcl | medium | Explanatory infinitive with ὡς; exact attachment is compressed. |
| 18 | συλλαβόντι | συλλαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAPMD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 δηλῶσαι | obl | medium | Dative participle, probably dative of manner/reference: ‘to put it briefly’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 συλλαβόντι | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 25 ἦν | mark | high | |
| 21 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C--------- | Polarity=Neg | 22 ἄγνωστα | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἄγνωστα | ἄγνωστος | ADJ | A-P---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate-subject adjective with τὰ πολλά. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 24 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἄγνωστα | nsubj | high | Substantivized phrase τὰ πολλά, ‘most things’; coordinated semantically with ἄγνωστα. |
| 25 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 δηλῶσαι | advcl | high | Impersonal/copular clause under ἐπεὶ. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 27 | Ταϋγέτην | Ταϋγέτη | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 φέρουσι | obj | high | First coordinated object of φέρουσι. |
| 28 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Ταϋγέτην | appos | high | Apposition/predicative identification: daughter. |
| 29 | Ἄτλαντος | Ἄτλας | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 31 ἀδελφὴν | cc | high | |
| 31 | ἀδελφὴν | ἀδελφή | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 Ἀλκυόνην | conj | high | Second coordinated object phrase. |
| 32 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 31 ἀδελφὴν | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive, ‘her sister’. |
| 33 | Ἀλκυόνην | Ἀλκυόνη | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Ταϋγέτην | conj | high | Name identifying the second object, coordinated with Ταϋγέτην. |
| 34 | φέρουσι | φέρω | VERB | V-PAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 δηλῶσαι | ccomp | high | Main verb of the exemplifying clause. |
| 35 | Ποσειδῶν | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 φέρουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 37 Ζεύς | cc | high | |
| 37 | Ζεύς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 Ποσειδῶν | conj | high | |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 φέρουσι | punct | high |
ἐπείργασται δὲ καὶ Ἄτλας καὶ Ἡρακλέους μονομαχία πρὸς Κύκνον καὶ ἡ παρὰ Φόλῳ τῶν Κενταύρων μάχη.
The impersonal perfect passive ἐπείργασται governs a coordinated subject: the Atlas scene, the Heracles–Cycnus duel, and the battle of the Centaurs at Pholus. The first coordination is elliptical, with Ἄτλας dependent on μονομαχία as its depicted/labelled subject; παρὰ Φόλῳ is locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπείργασται | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect passive, impersonal construction; singular despite coordinated nominal subjects. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Ἄτλας | cc | high | Coordinates the two first depicted items. |
| 4 | Ἄτλας | Ἄτλας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 μονομαχία | nsubj | medium | Name functions as the subject/theme of μονομαχία, in an elliptical label-like construction. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 μονομαχία | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 μονομαχία | nmod | high | Genitive participant/possessive modifier of μονομαχία. |
| 7 | μονομαχία | μονομαχία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπείργασται | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 9 Κύκνον | case | high | |
| 9 | Κύκνον | Κύκνος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 μονομαχία | obl | high | Opponent complement of μονομαχία with πρός. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 μάχη | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominal subject with μονομαχία. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 μάχη | det | high | |
| 12 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 13 Φόλῳ | case | high | |
| 13 | Φόλῳ | Φόλος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 μάχη | obl | high | Locative dative with παρά. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Κενταύρων | det | high | |
| 15 | Κενταύρων | Κένταυρος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 μάχη | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μάχη. |
| 16 | μάχη | μάχη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπείργασται | conj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἐπείργασται. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπείργασται | punct | high |