Grammar parses for passage 3.18.13
Open translation for this passage
Ἥρα δὲ ἀφορᾷ πρὸς Ἰὼ τὴν Ἰνάχου βοῦν οὖσαν ἤδη, καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ διώκοντα ἀποφεύγουσά ἐστιν Ἥφαιστον.
The first clause is clear: Hera looks toward Io, already being the cow of Inachus. The second clause has an anomalous accusative masculine participle διώκοντα; its exact syntactic attachment is uncertain, while Ἀθηνᾶ ... ἀποφεύγουσά ἐστιν Ἥφαιστον is analyzed as a coordinated participial predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἥρα | Ἥρα | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφορᾷ | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀφορᾷ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀφορᾷ | ἀφοράω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, main predicate. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἰὼ | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | Ἰὼ | Ἰώ | PROPN | N-A-F-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφορᾷ | obl | high | Accusative object of πρός with directional/visual sense. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βοῦν | det | high | Article modifying βοῦν. |
| 7 | Ἰνάχου | Ἰνάχος | PROPN | N-G-M-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βοῦν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βοῦν. |
| 8 | βοῦν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-A-F-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἰὼ | appos | high | Appositional identification of Io as the cow. |
| 9 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 βοῦν | acl | high | Accusative present participle agreeing with βοῦν. |
| 10 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 οὖσαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the participle. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφορᾷ | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 13 | Ἀθηνᾶ | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-N-F-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative subject. |
| 14 | διώκοντα | διώκω | VERB | V-PAP-AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἀποφεύγουσά | ccomp | low | Morphology is masculine accusative singular; syntactically an accusative participial complement, but its exact attachment is difficult in the transmitted wording. |
| 15 | ἀποφεύγουσά | ἀποφεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-NF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Feminine nominative participle agreeing with Ἀθηνᾶ; likely predicate participle with ἐστίν. |
| 16 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἀφορᾷ | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate. |
| 17 | Ἥφαιστον | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | N-A-M-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀποφεύγουσά | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἀποφεύγουσα; the participle διώκοντα is morphologically masculine accusative and is difficult to reconcile with the surrounding syntax. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφορᾷ | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις Ἡρακλέους πεποίηται τάξις τῶν ἔργων τῶν τὸ ἐς τὴν ὕδραν καὶ ὡς ἀνήγαγε τοῦ Ἅιδου τὸν κύνα.
The sentence has an impersonal/passive presentation: τάξις is the subject of πεποίηται, with τῶν ἔργων as a genitive specification; τῶν ... τὸ ἐς τὴν ὕδραν is textually compressed/elliptical, and the coordinated ὡς-clause depends on τάξις/ἔργων and describes the Cerberus episode.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 τούτοις | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 τάξις | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 6 τάξις | obl | high | ἐπὶ with dative. |
| 4 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | NPR-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 6 τάξις | nmod:poss | high | |
| 5 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive, likely intransitive/passive ‘has been made/composed’. |
| 6 | τάξις | τάξις | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DA-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἔργων | det | high | |
| 8 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 τάξις | nmod | high | Genitive of specification/content with τάξις. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DA-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 τὸ | det | medium | Article introducing a compressed/elliptical specification of the works. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἐς | obl | low | Textually difficult; likely an elliptical substantivized phrase, with τὸ perhaps standing for the episode involving the Hydra. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 13 ὕδραν | case | high | Variant/prepositional form of εἰς. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὕδραν | det | high | |
| 13 | ὕδραν | ὕδρα | NOUN | N-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τὸ | nmod | medium | Object of ἐς; attached to the elliptical τὸ phrase. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἀνήγαγε | cc | high | |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἀνήγαγε | mark | high | Introduces a finite content/relative-like clause. |
| 16 | ἀνήγαγε | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 τάξις | ccomp | medium | Subject is understood Ἡρακλῆς; clause coordinated with the preceding work specification. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Ἅιδου | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἅιδου | Ἅιδης | PROPN | NPR-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνήγαγε | obl | high | Genitive with ἀνάγω, ‘from Hades’. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 κύνα | det | high | |
| 20 | κύνα | κύων | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνήγαγε | obj | high | Cerberus, object of ἀνήγαγε. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 πεποίηται | punct | high |
Ἀναξίας δὲ καὶ Μνασίνους, τούτων μὲν ἐφʼ ἵππου καθήμενός ἐστιν ἑκάτερος, Μεγαπένθην δὲ τὸν Μενελάου καὶ Νικόστρατον ἵππος εἷς φέρων ἐστίν.
The first clause is syntactically irregular in the supplied text: Μνασίνους is accusative while Ἀναξίας and ἑκάτερος are nominative; the analysis preserves the apparent coordination and flags that case mismatch.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀναξίας | Ἀναξίας | PROPN | N———-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Personal name; masculine nominative singular despite the -ας form. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C———- | _ | 1 Ἀναξίας | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C———- | _ | 4 Μνασίνους | cc | high | |
| 4 | Μνασίνους | Μνασίνους | PROPN | N———-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Coordinated personal name; accusative form is unexpected if coordinated directly with Ἀναξίας, perhaps reflecting textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἀναξίας | punct | high | |
| 6 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PD——-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καθήμενός | obl | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G———- | _ | 6 τούτων | discourse | high | |
| 8 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R———- | _ | 9 ἵππου | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 9 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N———-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καθήμενός | obl | high | |
| 10 | καθήμενός | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Circumstantial participle, predicated of the subject. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἑκάτερος | ἑκάτερος | PRON | A———-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the first clause, with coordinated named subjects understood distributively. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | Μεγαπένθην | Μεγαπένθης | PROPN | N———-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐστίν | obj | high | |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C———- | _ | 14 Μεγαπένθην | cc | high | |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L———-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Μενελάου | det | high | |
| 17 | Μενελάου | Μενέλαος | PROPN | N———-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Μεγαπένθην | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive relation: Megapenthes, son of Menelaus. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C———- | _ | 19 Νικόστρατον | cc | high | |
| 19 | Νικόστρατον | Νικόστρατος | PROPN | N———-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐστίν | obj | high | Coordinated object of φέρων ἐστίν. |
| 20 | ἵππος | ἵππος | NOUN | N———-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 φέρων | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | εἷς | εἷς | NUM | M———-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἵππος | nummod | high | |
| 22 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἐστίν | xcomp | high | Participial predicate with εἰσίν/ἐστίν. |
| 23 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second coordinated clause. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἀναιρεῖ δὲ καὶ Βελλεροφόντης τὸ ἐν Λυκίᾳ θηρίον, καὶ Ἡρακλῆς τὰς Γηρυόνου βοῦς ἐλαύνει.
Two coordinated clauses share καί: Βελλεροφόντης is the subject of ἀναιρεῖ and Ἡρακλῆς the subject of ἐλαύνει; τὸ ... θηρίον and τὰς ... βοῦς are their respective objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναιρεῖ | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀναιρεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 4 | Βελλεροφόντης | Βελλεροφόντης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀναιρεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 θηρίον | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Λυκίᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Λυκίᾳ | Λυκία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 θηρίον | obl | high | |
| 8 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀναιρεῖ | obj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀναιρεῖ | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀναιρεῖ | cc | high | |
| 11 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλαύνει | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βοῦς | det | high | |
| 13 | Γηρυόνου | Γηρυών | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 βοῦς | nmod | high | |
| 14 | βοῦς | βοῦς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἐλαύνει | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἐλαύνει | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἀναιρεῖ | conj | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀναιρεῖ | punct | high |