Grammar parses for passage 3.18.3
Open translation for this passage
λέγεται δὲ καὶ Λυσάνδρῳ πολιορκοῦντι Ἄφυτιν τὴν ἐν τῇ Παλλήνῃ νύκτωρ ἐπιφανέντα Ἄμμωνα προαγορεύειν ὡς ἄμεινον ἐκείνῳ τε ἔσοιτο καὶ τῇ Λακεδαίμονι πολέμου πρὸς Ἀφυταίους παυσαμένοις·
Accusative-and-infinitive construction depends on λέγεται: Ἄμμωνα is the accusative subject of προαγορεύειν, with ἐπιφανέντα agreeing with it; πολιορκοῦντι and Λυσάνδρῳ are a dative participial adjunct, while παυσαμένοις is dative plural agreeing with the implicit Lacedaemonians/Aphytaians understood from the context. The form ἔσοιτο is future optative in indirect discourse.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, introducing reported speech. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 προαγορεύειν | cc | high | Connects the additional report. |
| 4 | Λυσάνδρῳ | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πολιορκοῦντι | obl | high | Dative with πολιορκοῦντι. |
| 5 | πολιορκοῦντι | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-PAP-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 προαγορεύειν | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Λυσάνδρῳ. |
| 6 | Ἄφυτιν | Ἄφυτις | PROPN | N-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πολιορκοῦντι | obj | high | Object of πολιορκοῦντι. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἄφυτιν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 10 Παλλήνῃ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Παλλήνῃ | det | high | |
| 10 | Παλλήνῃ | Παλλήνη | PROPN | N-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἄφυτιν | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 11 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἐπιφανέντα | advmod | high | Adverbial time modifier. |
| 12 | ἐπιφανέντα | ἐπιφαίνω | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 προαγορεύειν | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with Ἄμμωνα; temporal/circumstantial. |
| 13 | Ἄμμωνα | Ἄμμων | PROPN | N-ASM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 προαγορεύειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | προαγορεύειν | προαγορεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἄμεινον | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 16 | ἄμεινον | ἀμείνων | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσοιτο | xcomp | medium | Neuter comparative predicate, with an implicit understood subject. |
| 17 | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 ἔσοιτο | iobj | high | Dative of advantage with ἔσοιτο. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔσοιτο | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί. |
| 19 | ἔσοιτο | εἰμί | AUX | V-FAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ὡς | ccomp | high | Future optative in indirect discourse; copular verb with ἄμεινον. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 Λακεδαίμονι | cc | high | Second member of τε ... καί. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Λακεδαίμονι | det | high | |
| 22 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσοιτο | iobj | high | Second dative of advantage with ἔσοιτο. |
| 23 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 παυσαμένοις | obl | medium | Genitive associated with παύω/παύομαι, ‘from war’. |
| 24 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 25 Ἀφυταίους | case | high | |
| 25 | Ἀφυταίους | Ἀφυταῖος | PROPN | N-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 πολέμου | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς; opponents in the war. |
| 26 | παυσαμένοις | παύω | VERB | V-AMP-DM-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἔσοιτο | advcl | medium | Dative aorist middle participle; subject is understood from the dative beneficiaries, with agreement/syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
καὶ οὕτω τὴν πολιορκίαν διέλυσεν ὁ Λύσανδρος καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους τὸν θεὸν σέβειν προήγαγεν ἐς πλέον, Ἀφυταῖοι δὲ τιμῶσιν Ἄμμωνα οὐδὲν ἧσσον ἢ οἱ Ἀμμώνιοι Λιβύων.
Two coordinated clauses: Lysander dissolves the siege and induces the Lacedaemonians to honor the god more; Aphytaians honor Ammon no less than the Ammonians of Libya. The infinitive σέβειν is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of προήγαγεν, with Λακεδαιμονίους as its accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 διέλυσεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 διέλυσεν | advmod | high | Form οὕτω is an adverbial variant of οὕτως. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πολιορκίαν | det | high | |
| 4 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 διέλυσεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | διέλυσεν | διαλύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Λύσανδρος | det | high | |
| 7 | Λύσανδρος | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διέλυσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 προήγαγεν | cc | high | Coordinates προήγαγεν with διέλυσεν. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 σέβειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 θεὸν | det | high | |
| 11 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 σέβειν | obj | high | Accusative object of σέβειν. |
| 12 | σέβειν | σέβω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 προήγαγεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; its understood subject is the accusative Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 13 | προήγαγεν | προάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 διέλυσεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is shared with διέλυσεν. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 πλέον | case | high | Epic/ionic form of εἰς. |
| 15 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 προήγαγεν | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative neuter, ‘to a greater extent’; ἐς πλέον is an idiom. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέλυσεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ἀφυταῖοι | Ἀφυταῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 τιμῶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 τιμῶσιν | cc | high | |
| 19 | τιμῶσιν | τιμάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 διέλυσεν | parataxis | high | New independent clause after the comma. |
| 20 | Ἄμμωνα | Ἄμμων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 τιμῶσιν | obj | high | |
| 21 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 22 ἧσσον | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘not at all’; combines with ἧσσον in the comparative expression. |
| 22 | ἧσσον | ἧσσον | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 19 τιμῶσιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, ‘less’; οὐδὲν ἧσσον means ‘no less’. |
| 23 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Ἀμμώνιοι | mark | high | Introduces the comparative standard. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 Ἀμμώνιοι | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἀμμώνιοι | Ἀμμώνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἧσσον | obl | high | Comparative standard after ἧσσον ἤ. |
| 26 | Λιβύων | Λίβυς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Ἀμμώνιοι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἀμμώνιοι, ‘the Ammonians of Libya’. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 τιμῶσιν | punct | high |