Grammar parses for passage 3.18.3
Open translation for this passage
προελθόντι δὲ ἐντεῦθεν ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἄμμωνος·
The dative aorist participle is an attendant/circumstantial construction with an understood subject; ἱερόν Ἄμμωνος is the copular subject phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἱερόν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, dative masculine singular, agreeing with an understood traveler/person. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 προελθόντι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 προελθόντι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘from here/from this point’. |
| 4 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | NOUN | A--NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘sanctuary’; subject of ἐστιν. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 6 | Ἄμμωνος | Ἄμμων | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερόν | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name, ‘of Ammon’; gender is not encoded confidently. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
φαίνονται δὲ ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς Λακεδαιμόνιοι μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων χρώμενοι τῷ ἐν Λιβύῃ μαντείῳ.
The participle χρώμενοι is an xcomp of φαίνονται; τῷ ἐν Λιβύῃ μαντείῳ is its dative complement, with μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων expressing superlative comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνονται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Intransitive φαίνομαι, ‘appear/seem’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φαίνονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 4 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 φαίνονται | obl | high | Temporal/source genitive phrase, ‘from the beginning’. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φαίνονται | nsubj | high | Plural proper-name ethnonym, subject of φαίνονται. |
| 6 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 8 χρώμενοι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying χρώμενοι. |
| 7 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 μάλιστα | obl | medium | Partitive genitive with μάλιστα, ‘most among the Greeks’. |
| 8 | χρώμενοι | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 φαίνονται | xcomp | high | Present middle participle predicated of the subject. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 μαντείῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with μαντείῳ. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Λιβύῃ | case | high | Preposition governing Λιβύῃ. |
| 11 | Λιβύῃ | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 μαντείῳ | nmod | high | Locative phrase modifying μαντείῳ. |
| 12 | μαντείῳ | μαντεῖον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 χρώμενοι | obl | high | Dative complement of χράομαι, ‘using/consulting the oracle’. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φαίνονται | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ Λυσάνδρῳ πολιορκοῦντι Ἄφυτιν τὴν ἐν τῇ Παλλήνῃ νύκτωρ ἐπιφανέντα Ἄμμωνα προαγορεύειν ὡς ἄμεινον ἐκείνῳ τε ἔσοιτο καὶ τῇ Λακεδαίμονι πολέμου πρὸς Ἀφυταίους παυσαμένοις·
Accusative-and-infinitive construction depends on λέγεται: Ἄμμωνα is the accusative subject of προαγορεύειν, with ἐπιφανέντα agreeing with it; πολιορκοῦντι and Λυσάνδρῳ are a dative participial adjunct, while παυσαμένοις is dative plural agreeing with the implicit Lacedaemonians/Aphytaians understood from the context. The form ἔσοιτο is future optative in indirect discourse.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, introducing reported speech. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 προαγορεύειν | cc | high | Connects the additional report. |
| 4 | Λυσάνδρῳ | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πολιορκοῦντι | obl | high | Dative with πολιορκοῦντι. |
| 5 | πολιορκοῦντι | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-PAP-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 προαγορεύειν | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Λυσάνδρῳ. |
| 6 | Ἄφυτιν | Ἄφυτις | PROPN | N-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πολιορκοῦντι | obj | high | Object of πολιορκοῦντι. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἄφυτιν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 10 Παλλήνῃ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Παλλήνῃ | det | high | |
| 10 | Παλλήνῃ | Παλλήνη | PROPN | N-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἄφυτιν | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 11 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἐπιφανέντα | advmod | high | Adverbial time modifier. |
| 12 | ἐπιφανέντα | ἐπιφαίνω | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 προαγορεύειν | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with Ἄμμωνα; temporal/circumstantial. |
| 13 | Ἄμμωνα | Ἄμμων | PROPN | N-ASM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 προαγορεύειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | προαγορεύειν | προαγορεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἄμεινον | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 16 | ἄμεινον | ἀμείνων | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσοιτο | xcomp | medium | Neuter comparative predicate, with an implicit understood subject. |
| 17 | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 ἔσοιτο | iobj | high | Dative of advantage with ἔσοιτο. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔσοιτο | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί. |
| 19 | ἔσοιτο | εἰμί | AUX | V-FAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ὡς | ccomp | high | Future optative in indirect discourse; copular verb with ἄμεινον. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 Λακεδαίμονι | cc | high | Second member of τε ... καί. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Λακεδαίμονι | det | high | |
| 22 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσοιτο | iobj | high | Second dative of advantage with ἔσοιτο. |
| 23 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 παυσαμένοις | obl | medium | Genitive associated with παύω/παύομαι, ‘from war’. |
| 24 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 25 Ἀφυταίους | case | high | |
| 25 | Ἀφυταίους | Ἀφυταῖος | PROPN | N-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 πολέμου | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς; opponents in the war. |
| 26 | παυσαμένοις | παύω | VERB | V-AMP-DM-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἔσοιτο | advcl | medium | Dative aorist middle participle; subject is understood from the dative beneficiaries, with agreement/syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
καὶ οὕτω τὴν πολιορκίαν διέλυσεν ὁ Λύσανδρος καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους τὸν θεὸν σέβειν προήγαγεν ἐς πλέον, Ἀφυταῖοι δὲ τιμῶσιν Ἄμμωνα οὐδὲν ἧσσον ἢ οἱ Ἀμμώνιοι Λιβύων.
Two coordinated clauses: Lysander dissolves the siege and induces the Lacedaemonians to honor the god more; Aphytaians honor Ammon no less than the Ammonians of Libya. The infinitive σέβειν is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of προήγαγεν, with Λακεδαιμονίους as its accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 διέλυσεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 διέλυσεν | advmod | high | Form οὕτω is an adverbial variant of οὕτως. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πολιορκίαν | det | high | |
| 4 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 διέλυσεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | διέλυσεν | διαλύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Λύσανδρος | det | high | |
| 7 | Λύσανδρος | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διέλυσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 προήγαγεν | cc | high | Coordinates προήγαγεν with διέλυσεν. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 σέβειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 θεὸν | det | high | |
| 11 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 σέβειν | obj | high | Accusative object of σέβειν. |
| 12 | σέβειν | σέβω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 προήγαγεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; its understood subject is the accusative Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 13 | προήγαγεν | προάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 διέλυσεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is shared with διέλυσεν. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 πλέον | case | high | Epic/ionic form of εἰς. |
| 15 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 προήγαγεν | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative neuter, ‘to a greater extent’; ἐς πλέον is an idiom. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέλυσεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ἀφυταῖοι | Ἀφυταῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 τιμῶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 τιμῶσιν | cc | high | |
| 19 | τιμῶσιν | τιμάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 διέλυσεν | parataxis | high | New independent clause after the comma. |
| 20 | Ἄμμωνα | Ἄμμων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 τιμῶσιν | obj | high | |
| 21 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 22 ἧσσον | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘not at all’; combines with ἧσσον in the comparative expression. |
| 22 | ἧσσον | ἧσσον | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 19 τιμῶσιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, ‘less’; οὐδὲν ἧσσον means ‘no less’. |
| 23 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Ἀμμώνιοι | mark | high | Introduces the comparative standard. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 Ἀμμώνιοι | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἀμμώνιοι | Ἀμμώνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἧσσον | obl | high | Comparative standard after ἧσσον ἤ. |
| 26 | Λιβύων | Λίβυς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Ἀμμώνιοι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἀμμώνιοι, ‘the Ammonians of Libya’. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 τιμῶσιν | punct | high |