Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 3.19.12

← 3.19.11 3.19.13 →

Passage 3.19.12

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

82Greek tokens

2,502input tokens

5,860output tokens

Sentence 2

3.19.12 sentence 2

Tokens: 40
Input: 1,000
Output: 2,933
Total: 3,933

πολέμου γὰρ Κροτωνιάταις συνεστηκότος πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ Λοκρούς, τῶν Λοκρῶν κατὰ οἰκειότητα πρὸς Ὀπουντίους Αἴαντα τὸν Ὀιλέως ἐς τὰς μάχας ἐπικαλουμένων, ὁ Λεώνυμος Κροτωνιάταις στρατηγῶν ἐπῄει τοῖς ἐναντίοίς κατὰ τοῦτο ᾗ προτετάχθαι σφίσι τὸν Αἴαντα ἤκουε.

Genitive absolute at tokens 1–4; a second genitive absolute-like construction (11–23) has Λοκρῶν as subject and ἐπικαλουμένων as predicate. Main clause: Λεώνυμος (26) subject, ἐπῄει (29) root, with στρατηγῶν (28) circumstantial participle. The final ᾗ-clause modifies κατὰ τοῦτο and contains an accusative-plus-infinitive dependent on ἤκουε; προτετάχθαι is perfect passive infinitive, with Αἴαντα as its subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πολέμου	πόλεμος	NOUN	Noun-GM-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 συνεστηκότος	nsubj	high	Genitive absolute subject.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	ADV	Adv	_	29 ἐπῄει	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	Κροτωνιάταις	Κροτωνιάτης	PROPN	Noun-DM-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 συνεστηκότος	obl	high	Dative with συνεστηκότος, denoting the party involved.
4	συνεστηκότος	συνίστημι	VERB	Verb-GPA-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	29 ἐπῄει	advcl	high	Genitive absolute predicate.
5	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	Prep	_	9 Λοκρούς	case	high
6	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 Λοκρούς	det	high
7	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	Prep	_	8 Ἰταλίᾳ	case	high
8	Ἰταλίᾳ	Ἰταλία	PROPN	Noun-DF-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 Λοκρούς	nmod	high	Locative phrase modifying Λοκρούς.
9	Λοκρούς	Λοκρός	PROPN	Noun-AM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 συνεστηκότος	obl	high	Object of πρὸς.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐπῄει	punct	high
11	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-GMP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 Λοκρῶν	det	high
12	Λοκρῶν	Λοκρός	PROPN	Noun-GM-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 ἐπικαλουμένων	nsubj	high	Subject of genitive absolute.
13	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	Prep	_	14 οἰκειότητα	case	high
14	οἰκειότητα	οἰκειότης	NOUN	Noun-AF-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἐπικαλουμένων	obl	high	Accusative of relation/cause with κατὰ.
15	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	Prep	_	16 Ὀπουντίους	case	high
16	Ὀπουντίους	Ὀπούντιος	PROPN	Noun-AM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 οἰκειότητα	nmod	high	Object of πρὸς, complementing οἰκειότητα.
17	Αἴαντα	Αἴας	PROPN	Noun-AM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ἐπικαλουμένων	obj	high	Object of ἐπικαλουμένων.
18	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art-AM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 Αἴαντα	det	high
19	Ὀιλέως	Ὀιλεύς	PROPN	Noun-GM-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 Αἴαντα	nmod	high	Patronymic genitive.
20	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	22 μάχας	case	high
21	τὰς	ὁ	DET	Art-AF-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	22 μάχας	det	high
22	μάχας	μάχη	NOUN	Noun-AF-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	23 ἐπικαλουμένων	obl	high	Goal/purpose of invoking Ajax.
23	ἐπικαλουμένων	ἐπικαλέω	VERB	Verb-GPM-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	29 ἐπῄει	advcl	high	Genitive absolute predicate; middle voice means ‘calling upon’.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐπῄει	punct	high
25	ὁ	ὁ	DET	Art-NM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 Λεώνυμος	det	high
26	Λεώνυμος	Λεώνυμος	PROPN	Noun-NM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 ἐπῄει	nsubj	high	Main-clause subject.
27	Κροτωνιάταις	Κροτωνιάτης	PROPN	Noun-DM-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 στρατηγῶν	obl	high	Dative of agency/association with στρατηγῶν.
28	στρατηγῶν	στρατηγέω	VERB	Verb-NPM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	29 ἐπῄει	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle: serving as general.
29	ἐπῄει	ἔπειμι	VERB	Verb-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate.
30	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	Art-DM-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ἐναντίοίς	det	high
31	ἐναντίοίς	ἐναντίος	ADJ	Adj-DM-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 ἐπῄει	obl	high	Dative of opposition: against the opposing forces.
32	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	Prep	_	33 τοῦτο	case	high
33	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	Pron-A-N-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 ᾗ	obl	high	Accusative with κατά, ‘in this respect/along this point’.
34	ᾗ	ᾗ	SCONJ	Adv	_	29 ἐπῄει	advcl	medium	Relative adverb introducing the explanatory manner clause; formally related to ὅς.
35	προτετάχθαι	προτάσσω	VERB	Verb-RPN	Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	39 ἤκουε	xcomp	high	Infinitive in accusative-plus-infinitive construction.
36	σφίσι	σφεῖς	PRON	Pron-DM-P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	35 προτετάχθαι	obl	high	Dative of reference/association: for them.
37	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art-AM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	38 Αἴαντα	det	high
38	Αἴαντα	Αἴας	PROPN	Noun-AM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 προτετάχθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of προτετάχθαι.
39	ἤκουε	ἀκούω	VERB	Verb-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	34 ᾗ	advcl	high	‘He heard’; governs the infinitival proposition.
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐπῄει	punct	high

Sentence 3

3.19.12 sentence 3

Tokens: 20
Input: 706
Output: 1,245
Total: 1,951

τιτρώσκεται δὴ τὸ στέρνον καὶ--- ἔκαμνε γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ τραύματος---ἀφίκετο ἐς Δελφούς.

The sentence coordinates τιτρώσκεται with ἀφίκετο; the dash-delimited ἔκαμνε γὰρ clause is an explanatory parenthesis. The subject of ἔκαμνε is implicit.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τιτρώσκεται	τιτρώσκω	VERB	V-PII-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	17 ἀφίκετο	conj	high
2	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	1 τιτρώσκεται	discourse	high
3	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 στέρνον	det	high
4	στέρνον	στέρνον	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 τιτρώσκεται	nsubj:pass	high
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ἀφίκετο	cc	high
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀφίκετο	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀφίκετο	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀφίκετο	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
9	ἔκαμνε	κάμνω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	17 ἀφίκετο	advcl	medium	Imperfect; subject is understood from context.
10	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	PART	_	9 ἔκαμνε	discourse	high
11	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	13 τραύματος	case	high
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 τραύματος	det	high
13	τραύματος	τραῦμα	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ἔκαμνε	obl	high
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀφίκετο	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀφίκετο	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀφίκετο	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
17	ἀφίκετο	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist middle, deponent.
18	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	19 Δελφούς	case	high
19	Δελφούς	Δελφοί	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ἀφίκετο	obl	high
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀφίκετο	punct	high

Sentence 4

3.19.12 sentence 4

Tokens: 22
Input: 796
Output: 1,682
Total: 2,478

ἐλθόντα δὲ ἡ Πυθία Λεώνυμον ἀπέστελλεν ἐς νῆσον τὴν Λευκήν, ἐνταῦθα εἰποῦσα αὐτῷ φανήσεσθαι τὸν Αἴαντα καὶ ἀκέσεσθαι τὸ τραῦμα.

The accusative participle ἐλθόντα is an adjunct agreeing with Λεώνυμον and expressing prior motion; εἰποῦσα introduces indirect discourse with coordinated infinitives φανήσεσθαι and ἀκέσεσθαι, whose accusative subjects are Αἴαντα and τὸ τραῦμα respectively.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐλθόντα	ἔρχομαι	VERB	V:AAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	5 Λεώνυμον	advcl	high	Aorist participle agreeing with Λεώνυμον; temporal/preceding action.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἀπέστελλεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T----NSF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 Πυθία	det	high
4	Πυθία	Πυθία	PROPN	N----NSF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἀπέστελλεν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀπέστελλεν.
5	Λεώνυμον	Λεώνυμος	PROPN	N----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἀπέστελλεν	obj	high	Direct object of ἀπέστελλεν; also controller of ἐλθόντα.
6	ἀπέστελλεν	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V-IAI-3S-	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
7	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P------A-	_	8 νῆσον	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
8	νῆσον	νῆσος	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἀπέστελλεν	obl	high	Destination of sending.
9	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 Λευκήν	det	high
10	Λευκήν	Λευκή	PROPN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 νῆσον	appos	high	Apposition naming the island.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀπέστελλεν	punct	high
12	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	D--------	_	13 εἰποῦσα	advmod	high	Locative adverb, 'there'.
13	εἰποῦσα	λέγω	VERB	V:AAP-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	6 ἀπέστελλεν	advcl	high	Aorist participle agreeing with Πυθία.
14	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	P----DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	13 εἰποῦσα	iobj	high	Recipient/addressee of εἰποῦσα.
15	φανήσεσθαι	φαίνω	VERB	V-FPN-	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Future\|Voice=Passive	13 εἰποῦσα	xcomp	medium	Future infinitive of φαίνω; passive morphology with middle/deponent-like interpretation 'appear' is possible.
16	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 Αἴαντα	det	high
17	Αἴαντα	Αἴας	PROPN	N----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 φανήσεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 ἀκέσεσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the two infinitives.
19	ἀκέσεσθαι	ἀκέομαι	VERB	V-FMN-	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Future\|Voice=Middle	15 φανήσεσθαι	conj	high	Second coordinated infinitive, 'to heal'; understood subject is Λεώνυμον or the relevant agent/context.
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 τραῦμα	det	high
21	τραῦμα	τραῦμα	NOUN	N----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ἀκέσεσθαι	obj	high	Object of ἀκέσεσθαι.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀπέστελλεν	punct	high

← 3.19.11 3.19.13 →