Grammar parses for passage 3.19.8
Open translation for this passage
Θηρίταν δὲ ἐπονομάζουσιν ἀπὸ Θηροῦς, ταύτην γὰρ τροφὸν εἶναι τοῦ Ἄρεως λέγουσι.
The second clause is an indirect statement: λέγουσι [ταύτην τροφὸν εἶναι τοῦ Ἄρεως], with ταύτην as accusative infinitive subject and τροφόν as predicate accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηρίταν | Θηρίτας | PROPN | Neut? Acc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | obj | medium | Name/title Θηρίτας, accusative singular; masculine is inferred from the epithet/name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπονομάζουσιν | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | Pres Act Ind 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 5 Θηροῦς | case | high | |
| 5 | Θηροῦς | Θηρώ | PROPN | Gen Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | obl | medium | Proper name in the genitive after ἀπό; spelling and accent reflect the transmitted form. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | Dem Pron Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι in indirect statement. |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 λέγουσι | mark | medium | Explanatory particle introducing the content clause. |
| 9 | τροφὸν | τροφός | NOUN | Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | Pres Act Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitival content clause governed by λέγουσι. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art Gen Sg Masc | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἄρεως | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἄρεως | Ἄρης | PROPN | Gen Sg Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τροφὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τροφόν: nurse of Ares. |
| 13 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | Pres Act Ind 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | conj | high | Coordinate finite verb with shared subject; governs the infinitival content clause. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | punct | high |
τάχα δʼ ἂν ἀκηκοότες παρὰ Κόλχων Θηρίταν λέγοιεν, ἐπεὶ Ἔλληνές γε οὐκ ἴσασιν Ἄρεως τροφὸν Θηρώ·
Main clause has potential optative λέγοιεν with ἄν and a concessive/causal subordinate clause introduced by ἐπεί; ἀκηκοότες is a circumstantial perfect active participle, and Θηρώ is the appositional object/predicate identification of τροφόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάχα | τάχα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 8 λέγοιεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | cc | high | Elided form. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | aux | high | Modal particle with optative. |
| 4 | ἀκηκοότες | ἀκούω | VERB | VPRPAMP-N | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 λέγοιεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial perfect participle; subject is implicit and plural masculine. |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Κόλχων | case | high | |
| 6 | Κόλχων | Κόλχος | PROPN | N-------G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀκηκοότες | obl | high | Genitive after παρά in the sense 'from'. |
| 7 | Θηρίταν | Θηρίτας | PROPN | N----AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 λέγοιεν | obj | high | Personal name, object of λέγοιεν. |
| 8 | λέγοιεν | λέγω | VERB | V3PIAO-P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Optative with modal ἄν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἴσασιν | mark | high | Subordinator introducing the explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 11 | Ἔλληνές | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-----NP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἴσασιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 12 | γε | γε | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 Ἔλληνές | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 13 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 14 ἴσασιν | advmod | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 14 | ἴσασιν | οἶδα | VERB | V3PRAI-P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 λέγοιεν | advcl | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning 'know'. |
| 15 | Ἄρεως | Ἄρης | PROPN | N---GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τροφὸν | nmod | high | |
| 16 | τροφὸν | τροφός | NOUN | N--AAMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἴσασιν | obj | high | Predicate/object complement describing Θηρώ. |
| 17 | Θηρώ | Θηρώ | PROPN | N--NFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 τροφὸν | appos | medium | Name identifying the object/complement; case is nominative despite the accusative phrase, likely appositional naming. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | punct | high |
δοκεῖν δέ μοι Θηρίτας οὐ διὰ τὴν τροφὸν ἡ ἐπωνυμία τῷ Ἄρει γέγονεν, ὅτι δὲ ἀνδρὶ χρὴ πολεμίῳ καταστάντα ἐς μάχην οὐδὲν ἔτι ἔχειν ἤπιον, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ περὶ Ἀχιλλέως πεποίηται λέων δʼ ὣς ἄγρια οἶδεν. Hom. Il. 24.41
The main predicate is γέγονεν with an explanatory χρὴ-clause; the final Homeric quotation is an elliptical comparative citation, so its internal attachment is necessarily approximate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 γέγονεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on γέγονεν: speaker's inference. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δοκεῖν | cc | high | |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P1S-D | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of opinion. |
| 4 | Θηρίτας | Θηρίτας | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γέγονεν | obj | medium | Name/title of Ares, accusative with γέγονεν understood as 'has arisen/become' in the naming construction. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 γέγονεν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 τροφὸν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 τροφὸν | det | high | |
| 8 | τροφὸν | τροφός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπωνυμία | obl | high | Object of διά. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἐπωνυμία | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐπωνυμία | ἐπωνυμία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γέγονεν | nsubj | high | Subject of γέγονεν. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἄρει | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἄρει | Ἄρης | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπωνυμία | nmod | high | Dative of attribution: the name attached to Ares. |
| 13 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect of γίγνομαι; construction means the appellation has arisen/become established. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 13 γέγονεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 χρὴ | mark | high | Introduces explanatory content. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 χρὴ | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρὴ | iobj | medium | Dative with impersonal χρὴ: for a man. |
| 18 | χρὴ | χρή | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 γέγονεν | ccomp | high | Impersonal necessity predicate. |
| 19 | πολεμίῳ | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνδρὶ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier, 'hostile/enemy'. |
| 20 | καταστάντα | καθίστημι | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 ἔχειν | advcl | high | Accusative participle with understood object/subject of ἔχειν. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 μάχην | case | high | |
| 22 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 καταστάντα | obl | high | Goal/direction with καταστάντα. |
| 23 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 26 ἤπιον | nsubj | high | Neuter substantive, 'nothing'. |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 25 ἔχειν | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 χρὴ | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by χρὴ. |
| 26 | ἤπιον | ἤπιος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἔχειν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with οὐδέν understood as subject: to have nothing gentle/mild. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 18 χρὴ | punct | high | |
| 28 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 πεποίηται | mark | medium | Comparative relative conjunction, 'just as'. |
| 29 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 28 καθὰ | advmod | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 31 | Ὁμήρῳ | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 πεποίηται | obl | medium | Dative of author/source with πεποίηται. |
| 32 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 Ἀχιλλέως | case | high | |
| 33 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 πεποίηται | obl | high | Object of περὶ. |
| 34 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 18 χρὴ | advcl | medium | Impersonal/passive-like perfect: Homer has represented it concerning Achilles. |
| 35 | λέων | λέων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 οἶδεν | nsubj | high | Subject of οἶδεν. |
| 36 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 39 οἶδεν | cc | high | Elided δέ. |
| 37 | ὣς | ὡς | ADV | ADV | _ | 39 οἶδεν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, 'thus/as'. |
| 38 | ἄγρια | ἄγριος | ADV | ADV | _ | 39 οἶδεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter plural/accusative form, 'wildly/ferociously'. |
| 39 | οἶδεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 34 πεποίηται | ccomp | medium | Quoted Homeric material; syntax of the fragment is elliptical. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 13 γέγονεν | punct | high | |
| 41 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Latin-script citation fragment; not Greek syntax. |
| 42 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 41 H | flat | low | Latin-script citation fragment. |
| 43 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 42 o | flat | low | Latin-script citation fragment. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 41 H | punct | high | Punctuation inside citation. |
| 45 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 41 H | flat | low | Latin-script citation fragment. |
| 46 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 45 I | flat | low | Latin-script citation fragment. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 45 I | punct | high | Punctuation inside citation. |
| 48 | 24.41 | 24.41 | SYM | _ | _ | 41 H | flat | high | Bibliographic reference. |