Grammar parses for passage 3.19.8
Open translation for this passage
Θηρίταν δὲ ἐπονομάζουσιν ἀπὸ Θηροῦς, ταύτην γὰρ τροφὸν εἶναι τοῦ Ἄρεως λέγουσι.
The sentence consists of two paratactic clauses; the second has an accusative-and-infinitive construction with predicate accusative τροφόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηρίταν | Θηρίτη | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπονομάζουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐπονομάζουσιν | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | case | high | Preposition introducing source/origin. |
| 5 | Θηροῦς | Θηρούς | PROPN | N--GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπὸ | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of ἀπό; proper name form is uncertain. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπονομάζουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 λέγουσι | obj | high | Object of λέγουσι. |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 9 | τροφὸν | τροφός | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Complement of λέγουσι. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἄρεως | det | high | Article modifying Ἄρεως. |
| 12 | Ἄρεως | Ἄρης | PROPN | N--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τροφὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τροφός. |
| 13 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | Second main verb; coordinated/paratactic with the first clause. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τάχα δʼ ἂν ἀκηκοότες παρὰ Κόλχων Θηρίταν λέγοιεν, ἐπεὶ Ἔλληνές γε οὐκ ἴσασιν Ἄρεως τροφὸν Θηρώ·
Two clauses are coordinated only loosely: the main optative λέγοιεν with participial prefix, and a causal ἐπεὶ-clause explaining the assertion; the final noun phrase is textually awkward, especially Θηρώ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάχα | τάχα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the optative verb. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G--------- | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | advmod | high | Modal particle with optative. |
| 4 | ἀκηκοότες | ἀκούω | VERB | V-XXXRMPN-- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 λέγοιεν | advcl | high | Perfect active participle, nominative masculine plural, circumstantial. |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 6 Κόλχων | case | high | Preposition governing the following genitive. |
| 6 | Κόλχων | Κόλχος | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 λέγοιεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of παρὰ. |
| 7 | Θηρίταν | Θηρίτας | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 λέγοιεν | obj | medium | Proper name in accusative, object/complement of λέγοιεν; exact lexical form uncertain. |
| 8 | λέγοιεν | λέγω | VERB | V--OIA3P-- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb in potential optative construction. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 14 ἴσασιν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing causal clause. |
| 11 | Ἔλληνές | Ἕλλην | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἴσασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἴσασιν. |
| 12 | γε | γε | PART | G--------- | _ | 11 Ἔλληνές | discourse | high | Emphatic particle attached to the subject. |
| 13 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | _ | 14 ἴσασιν | advmod | high | Negation particle. |
| 14 | ἴσασιν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 λέγοιεν | advcl | high | Finite causal clause dependent on λέγοιεν. |
| 15 | Ἄρεως | Ἄρης | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τροφὸν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τροφόν. |
| 16 | τροφὸν | τροφός | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἴσασιν | obj | high | Object/complement of οἶδα; predicate-like accusative with Θηρώ in apposition. |
| 17 | Θηρώ | Θηρώ | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 τροφὸν | appos | medium | Likely apposition to τροφόν, though case is unexpected in transmitted text. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγοιεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δοκεῖν δέ μοι Θηρίτας οὐ διὰ τὴν τροφὸν ἡ ἐπωνυμία τῷ Ἄρει γέγονεν, ὅτι δὲ ἀνδρὶ χρὴ πολεμίῳ καταστάντα ἐς μάχην οὐδὲν ἔτι ἔχειν ἤπιον, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ περὶ Ἀχιλλέως πεποίηται λέων δʼ ὣς ἄγρια οἶδεν. Hom. Il. 24.41
The syntax is highly compressed and partly paratactic; the Homeric citation at the end is best treated as a parenthetical digression, with some ambiguity in the attachment of the first explanatory clause and the participial sequence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitival clause complementing omitted/impersonal frame. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 δοκεῖν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-P---1S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of opinion/reference with δοκεῖν. |
| 4 | Θηρίτας | Θηρίτας | PROPN | N-APM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 δοκεῖν | obj | medium | Likely accusative subject/accusative with infinitive; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | advmod | high | Negation of the following clause. |
| 6 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-A | Case=Acc | 8 τροφὸν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 τροφὸν | det | high | Article modifying τροφόν. |
| 8 | τροφὸν | τροφός | NOUN | N-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γέγονεν | obl | high | Object of διὰ. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἐπωνυμία | det | high | Article with ἐπωνυμία. |
| 10 | ἐπωνυμία | ἐπωνυμία | NOUN | N-NSF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γέγονεν | nsubj | high | Subject of γέγονεν. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἄρει | det | high | Article with Ἄρει. |
| 12 | Ἄρει | Ἄρης | PROPN | N-DSM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γέγονεν | obl | high | Dative complement indicating reference/assignment. |
| 13 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main clause verb. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 χρὴ | mark | high | Introduces subordinate explanatory clause. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 χρὴ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 17 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DSM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρὴ | obl | high | Dative with impersonal χρὴ. |
| 18 | χρὴ | χρή | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 34 πεποίηται | advcl | medium | Impersonal clause dependent on preceding explanatory ὅτι; analysis as auxiliary/impersonal predicate. |
| 19 | πολεμίῳ | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-DSM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνδρὶ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἀνδρί. |
| 20 | καταστάντα | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἔχειν | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying infinitive. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-A | Case=Acc | 22 μάχην | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 22 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 καταστάντα | obl | high | Complement of ἐς. |
| 23 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASM-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 25 ἔχειν | obj | high | Object of ἔχειν. |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 25 ἔχειν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying infinitive. |
| 25 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 χρὴ | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of χρὴ. |
| 26 | ἤπιον | ἤπιος | ADJ | A-ASM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἔχειν | xcomp | low | Likely predicate complement of ἔχειν; gender/number usage uncertain in context. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 χρὴ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | καθὰ | καθά | ADV | D | _ | 34 πεποίηται | advmod | high | Comparative/adverbial linker. |
| 29 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 34 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 πεποίηται | cc | high | Coordinating particle. |
| 31 | Ὁμήρῳ | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-DSM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 πεποίηται | obl | high | Dative of reference/agentive comparison. |
| 32 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-A | Case=Gen | 33 Ἀχιλλέως | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 33 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 πεποίηται | obl | high | Object of περὶ. |
| 34 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 13 γέγονεν | parataxis | high | Digressive parenthetical clause; exact linkage is literary. |
| 35 | λέων | λέων | NOUN | N-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | Subject of οἶδεν. |
| 36 | δʼ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 34 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 37 | ὣς | ὡς | ADV | D | _ | 39 οἶδεν | advmod | high | Manner adverb. |
| 38 | ἄγρια | ἄγριος | ADV | D | _ | 39 οἶδεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial use; form could also be neuter plural adjective, but context favors adverbial. |
| 39 | οἶδεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 34 πεποίηται | conj | high | Coordinated with πεποίηται in the Homeric citation. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 41 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | dep | low | Latin citation artifact, not Greek syntax. |
| 42 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | dep | low | Latin citation artifact. |
| 43 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | dep | low | Latin citation artifact. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | punct | high | Punctuation artifact. |
| 45 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | dep | low | Latin citation artifact. |
| 46 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | dep | low | Latin citation artifact. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | punct | high | Punctuation artifact. |
| 48 | 24.41 | 24.41 | X | _ | _ | 13 γέγονεν | dep | low | Reference number artifact. |