Grammar parses for passage 3.2.1
Open translation for this passage
Εὐρυσθένει πρεσβυτέρῳ τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων ὄντι ἡλικίαν γενέσθαι λέγουσιν υἱὸν Ἆγιν·
Indirect statement: λέγουσιν governs the accusative–infinitive γενέσθαι υἱὸν Ἆγιν; Εὐρυσθένει ... ὄντι is a dative absolute, with πρεσβυτέρῳ agreeing with the understood subject and τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων as genitive of comparison. ἡλικίαν is an accusative of respect with πρεσβυτέρῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Εὐρυσθένει | Εὐρυσθένης | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄντι | nsubj | high | Dative subject of the dative absolute. |
| 2 | πρεσβυτέρῳ | πρέσβυτερος | ADJ | J--DMS | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄντι | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicate adjective in the dative absolute; agrees with Εὐρυσθένει. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 παίδων | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Ne.Gen.Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παίδων | nmod | high | Possessive/partitive genitive modifying παίδων. |
| 5 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 πρεσβυτέρῳ | obl | high | Genitive of comparison after πρεσβυτέρῳ. |
| 6 | ὄντι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAPDMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 γενέσθαι | advcl | high | Dative absolute participle. |
| 7 | ἡλικίαν | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 πρεσβυτέρῳ | obl | medium | Accusative of respect, specifying the comparison. |
| 8 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 9 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive of indirect statement governed by λέγουσιν. |
| 9 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | υἱὸν | υἱός | NOUN | N-----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Accusative subject/predicative complement within the infinitival clause; construed as the son who came to be. |
| 11 | Ἆγιν | Ἆγις | PROPN | Ne-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 υἱὸν | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to υἱὸν. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τὸ γένος τὸ Εὐρυσθένους καλοῦσιν Ἀγιάδας.
The prepositional phrase ἀπὸ τούτου is an ablatival source/origin adjunct; τὸ γένος is the accusative object of καλοῦσιν, with the proper name Ἀγιάδας as its predicative naming complement. The second τὸ introduces the genitive name Εὐρυσθένους as a genitive modifier of γένος; exact semantic scope is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 γένος | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 γένος | obl | high | Genitive of source/origin governed by ἀπό. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 γένος | det | high | |
| 5 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Εὐρυσθένους | det | high | Article introducing the genitive proper-name modifier. |
| 7 | Εὐρυσθένους | Εὐρυσθένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 γένος | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on γένος; the intervening article is syntactically unusual/elliptical. |
| 8 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | Ἀγιάδας | Ἀγιάδης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicative naming complement with καλέω; masculine plural ethnic/dynastic name. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καλοῦσιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ τούτου Πατρεῖ τῷ Πρευγένους κτίζοντι ἐν Ἀχαΐᾳ πόλιν, ἥντινα Πάτρας καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς καλοῦσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρέως τούτου, συνεπελάβοντο Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ.
The dative participial clause κτίζοντι πόλιν is subordinate to the main συνεπελάβοντο; the relative clause καλοῦσιν identifies the city and includes the temporal phrase ἐς ἡμᾶς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 τούτου | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 22 συνεπελάβοντο | obl | high | Temporal ἐπί with genitive. |
| 3 | Πατρεῖ | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κτίζοντι | obl | medium | Proper name; dative with κτίζοντι. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Πρευγένους | det | high | |
| 5 | Πρευγένους | Πρευγένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κτίζοντι | nmod | medium | Patronymic/genitive name. |
| 6 | κτίζοντι | κτίζω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 συνεπελάβοντο | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἀχαΐᾳ | case | high | |
| 8 | Ἀχαΐᾳ | Ἀχαΐα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κτίζοντι | obl | high | Location of the city-foundation. |
| 9 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κτίζοντι | obj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 συνεπελάβοντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἥντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P-AFSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 16 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to πόλιν. |
| 12 | Πάτρας | Πάτραι | PROPN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 καλοῦσιν | obl | medium | Place-name in plural accusative; καλοῦσιν Πάτρας. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἡμᾶς | case | high | |
| 15 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 16 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Temporal extension: down to our time. |
| 16 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἥντινα | acl:relcl | high | |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Πατρέως | case | high | |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Πατρέως | det | high | |
| 19 | Πατρέως | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Eponymous source with ἀπό. |
| 20 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 Πατρέως | appos | high | Emphatic apposition to Πατρέως. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 συνεπελάβοντο | punct | high | |
| 22 | συνεπελάβοντο | συνεπιλαμβάνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 23 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 συνεπελάβοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 οἰκισμοῦ | det | high | |
| 25 | οἰκισμοῦ | οἰκισμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 συνεπελάβοντο | obl | high | Genitive complement of συνεπελάβοντο. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 συνεπελάβοντο | punct | high |
συνήραντο δὲ καὶ Γρᾷ τῷ Ἐχέλα τοῦ Πενθίλου τοῦ Ὀρέστου στελλομένῳ ναυσὶν ἐς ἀποικίαν.
The dative name phrase centers on Ἐχέλα, with Γρᾷ likely an appositional or coordinated personal-name element; στελλομένῳ agrees with Ἐχέλα and describes his being sent/equipped for colonization.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνήραντο | συναίρω | VERB | V-3PMAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative, third plural. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνήραντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνήραντο | cc | high | Additive coordinator. |
| 4 | Γρᾷ | Γρᾶς | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 συνήραντο | iobj | medium | Dative personal name; orthography and declension are unusual. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἐχέλα | det | high | Article with Ἐχέλα. |
| 6 | Ἐχέλα | Ἐχέλας | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Γρᾷ | appos | medium | Personal name in apposition to Γρᾷ; form is morphologically irregular or textually variant. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Πενθίλου | det | high | Article with Πενθίλου. |
| 8 | Πενθίλου | Πένθιλος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἐχέλα | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Ἐχέλα. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ὀρέστου | det | high | Article with Ὀρέστου. |
| 10 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Πενθίλου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Πενθίλου, expressing descent. |
| 11 | στελλομένῳ | στέλλω | VERB | V-PMP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 Ἐχέλα | acl | medium | Present middle participle, dative singular masculine, agreeing with Ἐχέλα; circumstantial or descriptive. |
| 12 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 στελλομένῳ | obl | high | Dative of means with στελλομένῳ. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἀποικίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 14 | ἀποικίαν | ἀποικία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 στελλομένῳ | obl | high | Goal/purpose complement of στελλομένῳ. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνήραντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ ὁ μὲν τὴν τῆς Ἰωνίας μεταξὺ καὶ Μυσῶν, καλουμένην δὲ Αἰολίδα ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, καθέξειν ἔμελλεν·
The article τὴν substantivizes an understood feminine region noun; μεταξὺ governs the coordinated genitives Ἰωνίας and Μυσῶν, while καλουμένην δὲ Αἰολίδα is an accusative appositional naming phrase with the infinitive καθέξειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 μὲν | det | high | Substantivized article, marking the subject. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἔμελλεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ follows. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἰωνίας | det | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἰωνίας | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἰωνίας | Ἰωνία | PROPN | Ne-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μεταξὺ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μεταξὺ. |
| 7 | μεταξὺ | μεταξύ | ADP | _ | _ | 17 καθέξειν | case | medium | Preposition governing the coordinated genitives Ἰωνίας and Μυσῶν; the article τὴν belongs to the understood region noun. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 Μυσῶν | cc | high | |
| 9 | Μυσῶν | Μυσός | PROPN | Ne-S---GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 μεταξὺ | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with Ἰωνίας. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καλουμένην | punct | high | |
| 11 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PP体ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 Αἰολίδα | acl | high | Perfectly agrees with Αἰολίδα; the printed form is present passive participle. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 καλουμένην | discourse | high | Postpositive particle within the appositional phrase. |
| 13 | Αἰολίδα | Αἰολίς | PROPN | Ne-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 καθέξειν | obj | high | Appositional object/name of the region modified by καλουμένην. |
| 14 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ἡμῶν | case | high | ἐπί with genitive. |
| 15 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | RP-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 14 ἐφʼ | obl | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | καθέξειν | κατέχω | VERB | V---F κονA- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future infinitive complementary to ἔμελλεν. |
| 18 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
ὁ δέ οἱ πρόγονος Πενθίλος Λέσβον τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτης νῆσον εἷλεν ἔτι πρότερον.
Πενθίλος is an appositional nominative to πρόγονος; Λέσβον is the object of εἷλεν, with τὴν ... νῆσον as an explanatory apposition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρόγονος | det | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 εἷλεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρόγονος | nmod | medium | Dative pronoun, likely possessive: his ancestor. |
| 4 | πρόγονος | πρόγονος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἷλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | Πενθίλος | Πενθίλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρόγονος | appos | high | Appositional personal name. |
| 6 | Λέσβον | Λέσβος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἷλεν | obj | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 8 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ἠπείρου | case | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἠπείρου | det | high | |
| 10 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νῆσον | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ὑπέρ. |
| 11 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἠπείρου | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with ἠπείρου. |
| 12 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Λέσβον | appos | high | Apposition explaining Λέσβον. |
| 13 | εἷλεν | αἱρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 15 πρότερον | advmod | high | |
| 15 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | _ | Degree=Cmp | 13 εἷλεν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, further specifying earlier time. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἷλεν | punct | high |