Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 3.2.2

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Passage 3.2.2

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2sentences parsed

61Greek tokens

1,804input tokens

4,640output tokens

Sentence 1

3.2.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 43
Input: 1,059
Output: 3,223
Total: 4,282

ἐπὶ δὲ Ἐχεστράτου τοῦ Ἄγιδος βασιλεύοντες ἐν Σπάρτῃ Κυνουρέας τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ποιοῦσιν ἀναστάτους, αἰτίαν ἐπενεγκόντες ὡς τὴν Ἀργολίδα συγγενῶν σφισιν ὄντων Ἀργείων λῃσταί τε ἐκ τῆς Κυνουριακῆς κακουργοῖεν καὶ αὐτοὶ καταδρομὰς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ ποιοῖντο ἐς τὴν γῆν.

Participial βασιλεύοντες is circumstantial with temporal ἐπί and governs the nominative Λακεδαιμόνιοι; αἰτίαν ἐπενεγκόντες introduces an explanatory ὡς-clause with genitive absolute συγγενῶν ... ὄντων. The ὡς-clause coordinates two reported grounds; κακουργοῖεν and ποιοῖντο are optatives in indirect discourse, with λῃσταί as the subject of the first and αὐτοί of the second.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	6 βασιλεύοντες	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 ποιοῦσιν	cc	high
3	Ἐχεστράτου	Ἐχέστρατος	PROPN	N----GS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 βασιλεύοντες	obl	medium	Temporal ἐπί with genitive; the governing phrase is elliptical in sense.
4	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	S----GM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Ἄγιδος	det	high
5	Ἄγιδος	Ἄγις	PROPN	N----GS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Ἐχεστράτου	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitive apposition.
6	βασιλεύοντες	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 ποιοῦσιν	advcl	high	Circumstantial temporal participle.
7	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	8 Σπάρτῃ	case	high
8	Σπάρτῃ	Σπάρτη	PROPN	N----DS-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 βασιλεύοντες	obl	high
9	Κυνουρέας	Κυνουρεύς	NOUN	N----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ποιοῦσιν	obj	high	Ethnic noun used substantivally.
10	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	S----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἡλικίᾳ	det	high
11	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	13 ἡλικίᾳ	case	high
12	τῇ	ὁ	DET	S----DF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἡλικίᾳ	det	high
13	ἡλικίᾳ	ἡλικία	NOUN	N----DS-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 τοὺς	nmod	high	Prepositional phrase modifies τοὺς.
14	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ποιοῦσιν	nsubj	high	Ethnic name functioning as proper subject.
15	ποιοῦσιν	ποιέω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
16	ἀναστάτους	ἀνάστατος	ADJ	A----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ποιοῦσιν	xcomp	high	Predicative resultative complement of ποιοῦσιν.
17	,	,	PUNCT	PUNC	_	15 ποιοῦσιν	punct	high
18	αἰτίαν	αἰτία	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἐπενεγκόντες	obj	high	Cognate/object-like accusative with ἐπενεγκόντες.
19	ἐπενεγκόντες	ἐπιφέρω	VERB	V-AAP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 ποιοῦσιν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle modifying the main subject.
20	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	19 ἐπενεγκόντες	mark	high	Introduces the stated reason/indirect-content clause.
21	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S----AF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 Ἀργολίδα	det	high
22	Ἀργολίδα	Ἀργολίς	PROPN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 λῃσταί	obj	medium	Accusative likely shared by the coordinated predications, especially λῃσταί ... κακουργοῖεν.
23	συγγενῶν	συγγενής	ADJ	A----GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ὄντων	xcomp	high	Predicative adjective in genitive absolute.
24	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P----DP-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	25 ὄντων	obl	high	Dative of reference in the genitive absolute.
25	ὄντων	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	32 κακουργοῖεν	advcl	medium	Genitive absolute; semantically subordinate to the reported claim.
26	Ἀργείων	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	N----GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 συγγενῶν	obl	high	Genitive complement of συγγενῶν.
27	λῃσταί	λῃστής	NOUN	N----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 κακουργοῖεν	nsubj	high	Subject of κακουργοῖεν.
28	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 κακουργοῖεν	cc	high	Coordinates the two reported predicates.
29	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	31 Κυνουριακῆς	case	high
30	τῆς	ὁ	DET	S----GF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 Κυνουριακῆς	det	high
31	Κυνουριακῆς	Κυνουριακός	ADJ	A----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 κακουργοῖεν	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the Cynurian territory/region’.
32	κακουργοῖεν	κακουργέω	VERB	V-POS-3P-	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	19 ἐπενεγκόντες	ccomp	high	Optative of reported speech/thought under ὡς.
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	39 ποιοῖντο	cc	high	Coordinates with κακουργοῖεν.
34	αὐτοὶ	αὐτός	PRON	P----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	39 ποιοῖντο	nsubj	high	Emphatic subject, ‘they themselves’.
35	καταδρομὰς	καταδρομή	NOUN	N----APF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	39 ποιοῖντο	obj	high
36	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	38 φανεροῦ	case	high
37	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	S----GS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 φανεροῦ	det	high
38	φανεροῦ	φανερός	ADJ	A----GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	39 ποιοῖντο	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the open/public’.
39	ποιοῖντο	ποιέω	VERB	V-POS-3P-	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	19 ἐπενεγκόντες	conj	high	Optative in reported discourse; middle voice.
40	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	42 γῆν	case	high
41	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S----AF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 γῆν	det	high
42	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 ποιοῖντο	obl	high
43	.	.	PUNCT	PUNC	_	15 ποιοῦσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

3.2.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 18
Input: 745
Output: 1,417
Total: 2,162

λέγονται δὲ οἱ Κυνουρεῖς Ἀργεῖοι τὸ ἀνέκαθεν εἶναι, καὶ οἰκιστήν φασιν αὐτῶν Κύνουρον γενέσθαι τὸν Περσέως.

Two infinitival clauses are coordinated: λέγονται takes an indirect-speech infinitive εἶναι with predicative Ἀργεῖοι and subject οἱ Κυνουρεῖς; φασιν takes γενέσθαι with accusative subject Κύνουρον and predicate οἰκιστήν. The article τὸ before ἀνέκαθεν is substantivizing/adverbial and attached to the infinitive phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	λέγονται	λέγω	VERB	V-3PPI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G-	_	1 λέγονται	cc	high
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	RA-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	4 Κυνουρεῖς	det	high
4	Κυνουρεῖς	Κυνουρεύς	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Subject of the infinitival εἶναι.
5	Ἀργεῖοι	Ἀργεῖος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Predicative complement of εἶναι.
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 ἀνέκαθεν	det	medium	Substantivizing article with ἀνέκαθεν; construction is somewhat idiomatic.
7	ἀνέκαθεν	ἀνέκαθεν	ADV	D-	_	8 εἶναι	advmod	medium	Adverbial notion ‘from of old’; attached within the εἶναι clause.
8	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 λέγονται	ccomp	high	Infinitive of reported speech governed by λέγονται.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 εἶναι	punct	high
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	12 φασιν	cc	high	Coordinates the second reported assertion.
11	οἰκιστήν	οἰκιστής	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 γενέσθαι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι.
12	φασιν	φημί	VERB	V-3PAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 λέγονται	conj	high
13	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GM3P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	11 οἰκιστήν	nmod	medium	Genitive ‘of them/their’; semantic attachment may alternatively be to Κύνουρον.
14	Κύνουρον	Κύνουρος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 γενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι.
15	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2MADN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	12 φασιν	ccomp	high	Infinitive governed by φασιν.
16	τὸν	ὁ	DET	RA-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 Περσέως	det	high
17	Περσέως	Περσεύς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Κύνουρον	nmod	high	Patronymic genitive modifying Κύνουρον.
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 λέγονται	punct	high

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