Grammar parses for passage 3.2.2
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ δὲ Ἐχεστράτου τοῦ Ἄγιδος βασιλεύοντες ἐν Σπάρτῃ Κυνουρέας τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ποιοῦσιν ἀναστάτους, αἰτίαν ἐπενεγκόντες ὡς τὴν Ἀργολίδα συγγενῶν σφισιν ὄντων Ἀργείων λῃσταί τε ἐκ τῆς Κυνουριακῆς κακουργοῖεν καὶ αὐτοὶ καταδρομὰς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ ποιοῖντο ἐς τὴν γῆν.
The syntax is driven by a main clause with participial backgrounding; the ὡς-clause contains reported explanation with optatives, and several genitive/locative phrases are somewhat uncertain in attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 3 Ἐχεστράτου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive with Ἐχεστράτου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 ποιοῦσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | Ἐχεστράτου | Ἐχεστράτος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλεύοντες | obl | medium | Likely temporal/dative-genitive phrase with ἐπί; head chosen as participle base context. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἄγιδος | det | high | Article modifying Ἄγιδος. |
| 5 | Ἄγιδος | Ἄγις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἐχεστράτου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Ἐχεστράτου. |
| 6 | βασιλεύοντες | βασιλεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ποιοῦσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying main verb. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 8 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition with Σπάρτῃ. |
| 8 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλεύοντες | obl | medium | Locative adjunct with ἐν. |
| 9 | Κυνουρέας | Κυνουρεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ποιοῦσιν | obj | low | Case/form difficult; likely object or accusative of respect/extent in phrase. |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article modifying ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ substantivized phrase. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 13 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | Preposition with ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἡλικίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 13 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase modifying τοὺς. |
| 14 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ποιοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ποιοῦσιν. |
| 15 | ποιοῦσιν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 16 | ἀναστάτους | ἀνάστατος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ποιοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of ποιοῦσιν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ποιοῦσιν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 18 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπενεγκόντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπενεγκόντες. |
| 19 | ἐπενεγκόντες | ἐπενέγκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ποιοῦσιν | advcl | high | Aorist participle introducing causal/explanatory clause. |
| 20 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 32 κακουργοῖεν | mark | high | Marks reported/reason clause. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Ἀργολίδα | det | high | Article modifying Ἀργολίδα. |
| 22 | Ἀργολίδα | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 κακουργοῖεν | obj | medium | Likely object of implied verb in ὡς-clause; accusative after ὡς is somewhat uncertain. |
| 23 | συγγενῶν | συγγενής | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ὄντων | amod | high | Attributive genitive modifier of ὄντων. |
| 24 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 25 ὄντων | iobj | high | Dative with ὄντων ('related to them'). |
| 25 | ὄντων | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 Ἀργείων | amod | high | Genitive participle modifying Ἀργείων. |
| 26 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργείος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Ἀργολίδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Ἀργολίδα/area phrase; functions as descriptive genitive. |
| 27 | λῃσταί | λῃστής | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 κακουργοῖεν | nsubj | high | Subject of κακουργοῖεν. |
| 28 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 λῃσταί | cc | high | Enclitic coordinative particle. |
| 29 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 31 Κυνουριακῆς | case | high | Preposition with Κυνουριακῆς. |
| 30 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 Κυνουριακῆς | det | high | Article modifying Κυνουριακῆς. |
| 31 | Κυνουριακῆς | Κυνουριακός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 κακουργοῖεν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying κακουργοῖεν. |
| 32 | κακουργοῖεν | κακουργέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ὡς | ccomp | high | Optative in reported reason clause introduced by ὡς. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 ποιοῖντο | cc | high | Coordinates with prior clause. |
| 34 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ποιοῖντο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ποιοῖντο. |
| 35 | καταδρομὰς | καταδρομή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 39 ποιοῖντο | obj | high | Object of ποιοῖντο. |
| 36 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 38 φανεροῦ | case | high | Preposition with φανεροῦ. |
| 37 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 φανεροῦ | det | high | Article modifying φανεροῦ. |
| 38 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 39 ποιοῖντο | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional phrase. |
| 39 | ποιοῖντο | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 19 ἐπενεγκόντες | conj | high | Coordinated optative finite verb. |
| 40 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 42 γῆν | case | high | Preposition with γῆν. |
| 41 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 γῆν | det | high | Article modifying γῆν. |
| 42 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ποιοῖντο | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ποιοῦσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
λέγονται δὲ οἱ Κυνουρεῖς Ἀργεῖοι τὸ ἀνέκαθεν εἶναι, καὶ οἰκιστήν φασιν αὐτῶν Κύνουρον γενέσθαι τὸν Περσέως.
Two coordinated finite clauses: λέγονται governs an infinitival complement, and φασιν governs an accusative-with-infinitive construction; the appositional/predicative relation of Ἀργεῖοι and the possessive relation of αὐτῶν are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγονται | λέγω | VERB | V-PI-PM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause, passive/middle in form. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA- NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Κυνουρεῖς | det | high | Article modifying Κυνουρεῖς. |
| 4 | Κυνουρεῖς | Κυνουρεύς | PROPN | NNP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 λέγονται | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγονται. |
| 5 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A- NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Κυνουρεῖς | amod | medium | Predicate/appositive adjective with Κυνουρεῖς; could also be apposition. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 εἶναι | obj | high | Article with infinitive construction. |
| 7 | ἀνέκαθεν | ἀνέκαθεν | ADV | D | _ | 8 εἶναι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying εἶναι. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγονται | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγονται. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγονται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 φασιν | cc | high | Coordinator linking clauses. |
| 11 | οἰκιστήν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Object-like accusative in indirect statement. |
| 12 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PI-AI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγονται | conj | high | Second main verb coordinated with λέγονται. |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 Κύνουρον | det | medium | Possessive genitive with Κύνουρον; relation is approximate. |
| 14 | Κύνουρον | Κύνουρος | PROPN | NNP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of γενέσθαι in accusative-with-infinitive. |
| 15 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασιν. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Περσέως | det | high | Article with Περσέως. |
| 17 | Περσέως | Περσεύς | PROPN | NNP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Κύνουρον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of Κύνουρον; phrase likely means 'son of Perseus'. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγονται | punct | high | Punctuation. |