Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 3.2.3

← 3.2.2 3.2.4 →

Passage 3.2.3

Open translation for this passage

6sentences parsed

89Greek tokens

4,308input tokens

7,077output tokens

Sentence 1

3.2.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 14
Input: 712
Output: 1,062
Total: 1,774

ἔτεσι δὲ ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς Λαβώτας ὁ Ἐχεστράτου τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔσχεν ἐν Σπάρτῃ.

The opening dative phrase ἔτεσι ... πολλοῖς is an elapsed-time adjunct; ὕστερον reinforces its temporal meaning.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔτεσι	ἔτος	NOUN	Nb-d---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 ὕστερον	obl	high	Dative of elapsed time.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---------	_	11 ἔσχεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	Df--------	Degree=Pos	11 ἔσχεν	advmod	high	Adverbial temporal expression, ‘later/afterwards’.
4	οὐ	οὐ	PART	T---------	Polarity=Neg	5 πολλοῖς	advmod	high	Negates the adjective.
5	πολλοῖς	πολύς	ADJ	A-p---nd-	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἔτεσι	amod	high	Agrees with ἔτεσι in the dative plural neuter.
6	Λαβώτας	Λαβώτας	PROPN	Ne-s---mn	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἔσχεν	nsubj	high	Personal name, subject.
7	ὁ	ὁ	DET	L-s---mn-	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Ἐχεστράτου	det	high	Article with the patronymic genitive name.
8	Ἐχεστράτου	Ἐχέστρατος	PROPN	Ne-s---mg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Λαβώτας	nmod	high	Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Echestratus’.
9	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἀρχὴν	det	high	Article with ἀρχήν.
10	ἀρχὴν	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἔσχεν	obj	high	Direct object of ἔσχεν, ‘held power/rule’.
11	ἔσχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V3saia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist main verb.
12	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	13 Σπάρτῃ	case	high	Preposition governing Σπάρτῃ.
13	Σπάρτῃ	Σπάρτη	PROPN	Ne-s---fd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἔσχεν	obl	high	Locative prepositional phrase, ‘in Sparta’.
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἔσχεν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

3.2.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 21
Input: 781
Output: 1,688
Total: 2,469

τοῦτον τὸν Λαβώταν Ἡρόδοτος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Κροῖσον ὑπὸ Λυκούργου τοῦ θεμένου τοὺς νόμους φησὶν ἐπιτροπευθῆναι παῖδα ὄντα·

Accusative τοῦτον τὸν Λαβώταν is the object of φησίν, with ἐπιτροπευθῆναι as its reported infinitive and παῖδα ὄντα as a predicative circumstantial participial phrase; ὑπό + genitive names the agent of ἐπιτροπευθῆναι. The two τῷ forms in the relative phrase are analyzed as article-linked modifiers of λόγῳ and ἐς Κροῖσον respectively.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτον	οὗτος	DET	δαυτός-οὗτος, Acc Masc Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	3 Λαβώταν	det	high
2	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-Acc Masc Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 Λαβώταν	det	high
3	Λαβώταν	Λαβώτας	PROPN	N-Acc Masc Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	17 φησὶν	obj	high	Traditional Spartan personal name; lemma normalized to nominative.
4	Ἡρόδοτος	Ἡρόδοτος	PROPN	N-Nom Masc Sing	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	17 φησὶν	nsubj	high
5	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	7 λόγῳ	case	high
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-Dat Masc Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 λόγῳ	det	high
7	λόγῳ	λόγος	NOUN	N-Dat Masc Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 φησὶν	obl	high
8	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-Dat Masc Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 λόγῳ	det	medium	Article introducing the substantivized/elliptical relative modifier ἐς Κροῖσον.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	10 Κροῖσον	case	high
10	Κροῖσον	Κροῖσος	PROPN	N-Acc Masc Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	7 λόγῳ	nmod	medium	Contained in the elliptical relative phrase modifying λόγῳ.
11	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	12 Λυκούργου	case	high
12	Λυκούργου	Λυκοῦργος	PROPN	N-Gen Masc Sing	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	18 ἐπιτροπευθῆναι	obl:agent	high
13	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-Gen Masc Sing	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 θεμένου	det	high
14	θεμένου	τίθημι	VERB	V-Part-Aor-Mid-Gen Masc Sing	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	12 Λυκούργου	acl	high	Articular participle agreeing with Λυκούργου.
15	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-Acc Masc Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	16 νόμους	det	high
16	νόμους	νόμος	NOUN	N-Acc Masc Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 θεμένου	obj	high
17	φησὶν	φημί	VERB	V- Pres Act Ind 3rd Sing	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
18	ἐπιτροπευθῆναι	ἐπιτροπεύω	VERB	V-Inf-Aor-Pass	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	17 φησὶν	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of φησίν; understood subject is Λαβώταν.
19	παῖδα	παῖς	NOUN	N-Acc Masc Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 ὄντα	xcomp	high	Predicative accusative with ὄντα.
20	ὄντα	εἰμί	AUX	V-Part-Pres-Act-Acc Masc Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 ἐπιτροπευθῆναι	advcl	high	Participial phrase modifying the understood subject of ἐπιτροπευθῆναι.
21	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 φησὶν	punct	high

Sentence 3

3.2.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 10
Input: 640
Output: 819
Total: 1,459

Λεωβώτην δέ οἱ τίθεται τὸ ὄνομα καὶ οὐ Λαβώταν.

The sentence has an impersonal/passive naming construction: Λεωβώτην is the accusative name assigned, οἱ is a dative experiencer/possessor, and τὸ ὄνομα is the nominative subject of τίθεται; Λαβώταν is coordinated as an alternative accusative name under οὐ.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λεωβώτην	Λεωβώτης	PROPN	N- -A-S---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 τίθεται	obj	high	Accusative personal name used as the name assigned.
2	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 τίθεται	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P----D3S-	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	4 τίθεται	iobj	high	Dative third-person pronoun; recipient/experiencer of naming.
4	τίθεται	τίθημι	VERB	V3SPI----	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Middle/passive-form naming verb; may be construed impersonally or with τὸ ὄνομα as subject.
5	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 ὄνομα	det	high	Article agreeing with ὄνομα.
6	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	N-----NS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 τίθεται	nsubj	medium	Likely nominative subject, ‘the name’; construction may also be analyzed as a naming predicate.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 Λαβώταν	cc	high	Coordinates the alternative name.
8	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	9 Λαβώταν	advmod	high	Negates the alternative naming expression.
9	Λαβώταν	Λαβώτας	PROPN	N- -A-S---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 τίθεται	conj	high	Alternative accusative personal name coordinated with Λεωβώτην.
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 τίθεται	punct	high

Sentence 4

3.2.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 10
Input: 671
Output: 804
Total: 1,475

Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ πρῶτον τότε ἔδοξεν ἄρασθαι πρὸς Ἀργείους πόλεμον·

Impersonal ἔδοξεν takes Λακεδαιμονίοις as a dative experiencer and ἄρασθαι πόλεμον as its infinitival complement; πρὸς Ἀργείους identifies the opposing party.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	Nbfpdat	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ἔδοξεν	iobj	high	Dative subject-like experiencer with δοκέω.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	5 ἔδοξεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	πρῶτον	πρῶτος	ADV	A-S---N--	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἔδοξεν	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, ‘for the first time’.
4	τότε	τότε	ADV	D--------	_	5 ἔδοξεν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
5	ἔδοξεν	δοκέω	VERB	V3SAAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal δοκέω governing the articular infinitive-like complement.
6	ἄρασθαι	αἴρω	VERB	V--NAM	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	5 ἔδοξεν	xcomp	high	Aorist middle infinitive, ‘to undertake/raise’ war.
7	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R--------	_	8 Ἀργείους	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
8	Ἀργείους	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	A--PAM--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 πόλεμον	nmod	high	Ethnic proper noun, object of πρὸς.
9	πόλεμον	πόλεμος	NOUN	N--SAM--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἄρασθαι	obj	high	Accusative object of ἄρασθαι; πρὸς Ἀργείους specifies the opponent.
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔδοξεν	punct	high

Sentence 5

3.2.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 21
Input: 809
Output: 1,698
Total: 2,507

ἐποιοῦντο δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐγκλήματα τήν τε Κυνουριακὴν ἑλόντων αὑτῶν ἀποτέμνεσθαι τοὺς Ἀργείους καὶ τοὺς περιοίκους σφῶν ὑπηκόους ὄντας ἀφιστάναι.

The sentence has ἐγκλήματα ποιεῖσθαι with coordinated accusative-and-infinitive complements: Ἀργείους ἀποτέμνεσθαι and περιοίκους ... ἀφιστάναι; ἑλόντων αὑτῶν is a genitive absolute.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐποιοῦντο	ποιέω	VERB	V- Impf Ind MP 3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	5 ἐγκλήματα	root	high	Imperfect middle, ‘they made/raised’ complaints.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐποιοῦντο	cc	high
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	4 αὐτοὺς	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
4	αὐτοὺς	αὐτός	PRON	P-3 Acc Pl M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	5 ἐγκλήματα	obl	high
5	ἐγκλήματα	ἔγκλημα	NOUN	N- Acc Pl N	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἐποιοῦντο	obj	high	Object of ποιεῖσθαι.
6	τήν	ὁ	DET	Art- Acc Sg F	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 Κυνουριακὴν	det	high
7	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 Κυνουριακὴν	cc	high	Correlative with the following coordinated infinitival complaint.
8	Κυνουριακὴν	Κυνουριακός	ADJ	Adj- Acc Sg F	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἀποτέμνεσθαι	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the Cynurian territory’.
9	ἑλόντων	αἱρέω	VERB	V- Aor Act Gen Pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	10 αὑτῶν	acl	high	Genitive absolute with αὑτῶν understood as its subject.
10	αὑτῶν	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-Refl Gen Pl	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	9 ἑλόντων	nsubj	high	Reflexive genitive subject of the genitive absolute.
11	ἀποτέμνεσθαι	ἀποτέμνω	VERB	V- Pres Inf MP	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	1 ἐποιοῦντο	ccomp	high	Infinitive governed by ἐγκλήματα; subject is τοὺς Ἀργείους.
12	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art- Acc Pl M	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 Ἀργείους	det	high
13	Ἀργείους	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	Propn- Acc Pl M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἀποτέμνεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 ἀφιστάναι	cc	high	Coordinates the second infinitive with ἀποτέμνεσθαι.
15	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art- Acc Pl M	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 περιοίκους	det	high
16	περιοίκους	περίοικος	NOUN	N- Acc Pl M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 ἀφιστάναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of ἀφιστάναι.
17	σφῶν	σφέτερος	PRON	Poss- Gen Pl	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Poss=Yes\|PronType=Prs	18 ὑπηκόους	nmod:poss	medium	Possessive genitive, ‘their’.
18	ὑπηκόους	ὑπήκοος	ADJ	Adj- Acc Pl M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 περιοίκους	xcomp	high	Predicate complement with ὄντας.
19	ὄντας	εἰμί	AUX	V- Pres Act Acc Pl M Part	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 ὑπηκόους	cop	high	Participial copula in the accusative predicative construction.
20	ἀφιστάναι	ἀφίστημι	VERB	V- Pres Inf Act	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 ἐποιοῦντο	conj	high	Second coordinated infinitive.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐποιοῦντο	punct	high

Sentence 6

3.2.3 sentence 6

Tokens: 13
Input: 695
Output: 1,006
Total: 1,701

τότε μὲν δὴ παρὰ οὐδετέρων πολεμησάντων ὅμως μνήμης ἄξιον πραχθῆναί φασιν οὐδέν·

The genitive absolute παρὰ οὐδετέρων πολεμησάντων is attached adverbially to the infinitival proposition; φασίν governs the aorist passive infinitive πραχθῆναι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τότε	τότε	ADV	Adverb	PronType=Dem	11 φασιν	advmod	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	Particle	_	11 φασιν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; δέ is not present in this sentence.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	Particle	_	11 φασιν	discourse	high
4	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	Prep	_	5 οὐδετέρων	case	high	With genitive, introducing the agent/source phrase.
5	οὐδετέρων	οὐδέτερος	PRON	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	6 πολεμησάντων	obl	medium	Substantivized genitive plural, agent of πολεμησάντων.
6	πολεμησάντων	πολεμέω	VERB	VA-A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	10 πραχθῆναί	advcl	medium	Genitive absolute; its understood subject is οὐδετέρων.
7	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	Adverb	_	10 πραχθῆναί	advmod	high
8	μνήμης	μνήμη	NOUN	G-SF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ἄξιον	nmod	high	Genitive of value with ἄξιον.
9	ἄξιον	ἄξιος	ADJ	A-SN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 πραχθῆναί	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with an impersonal passive infinitive; neuter singular agrees with the understood event.
10	πραχθῆναί	πράσσω	VERB	V-P-P-N	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	11 φασιν	ccomp	high	Aorist passive infinitive, complement of φασίν.
11	φασιν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
12	οὐδέν	οὐδείς	PRON	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	10 πραχθῆναί	obj	high	Accusative object of πραχθῆναι; the negative pronoun is substantival.
13	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 φασιν	punct	high

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