Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 3.2.4

← 3.2.3 3.2.5 →

Passage 3.2.4

Open translation for this passage

5sentences parsed

118Greek tokens

3,960input tokens

8,627output tokens

Sentence 1

3.2.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 21
Input: 797
Output: 1,685
Total: 2,482

τοὺς δὲ ἐφεξῆς βασιλεύσαντας τῆς οἰκίας ταύτης Δόρυσσον τὸν Λαβώτα καὶ Ἀγησίλαον Δορύσσου διʼ ὀλίγου σφᾶς τὸ χρεὼν ἐπέλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους.

The accusative phrase τοὺς ... βασιλεύσαντας is the fronted object of ἐπέλαβεν, with the two personal names in apposition; τῆς οἰκίας ταύτης is a genitive dependent on βασιλεύσαντας, and τὸ χρεών is the personified subject of ἐπέλαβεν. The unusual form σφᾶς is accusative plural and resumes the persons affected; ἀμφοτέρους agrees with it appositionally or emphatically.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 βασιλεύσαντας	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	19 ἐπέλαβεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐφεξῆς	ἐφεξῆς	ADV	D--------	_	4 βασιλεύσαντας	advmod	high
4	βασιλεύσαντας	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-PAAPM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	19 ἐπέλαβεν	obj	high	Fronted accusative object of ἐπέλαβεν.
5	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 οἰκίας	det	high
6	οἰκίας	οἰκία	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 βασιλεύσαντας	obl	high	Genitive with βασιλεύσαντας, 'of the house'.
7	ταύτης	οὗτος	DET	A-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 οἰκίας	det	high	Demonstrative agreeing with οἰκίας.
8	Δόρυσσον	Δόρυσσος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 βασιλεύσαντας	appos	high	Personal name in apposition to the substantival participial phrase.
9	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 Λαβώτα	det	high
10	Λαβώτα	Λαβώτας	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Δόρυσσον	appos	high	Patronymic/name identifying Δόρυσσον.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	12 Ἀγησίλαον	cc	high
12	Ἀγησίλαον	Ἀγησίλαος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 βασιλεύσαντας	conj	high	Coordinated personal name, also appositional to the fronted object.
13	Δορύσσου	Δόρυσσος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 Ἀγησίλαον	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitive identifier, 'of Doryssus'.
14	διʼ	διά	ADP	R-G---A-	_	15 ὀλίγου	case	high	Elided form of διά.
15	ὀλίγου	ὀλίγος	ADJ	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἐπέλαβεν	obl	high	Adverbial genitive with διά: 'after a short time'.
16	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-AP---	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	19 ἐπέλαβεν	obj	medium	Accusative plural resumptive/emphatic pronoun; its relation overlaps with the fronted accusative participial phrase.
17	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 χρεὼν	det	high
18	χρεὼν	χρεών	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ἐπέλαβεν	nsubj	high	Personified nominative subject, 'necessity/fate'.
19	ἐπέλαβεν	ἐπιλαμβάνω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist-form ambiguity is possible in spelling; syntactically finite main verb.
20	ἀμφοτέρους	ἀμφότερος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Dual	16 σφᾶς	appos	medium	Accusative adjective meaning 'both'; form is morphologically ambiguous between plural and dual in some analyses, here treated as masculine accusative dual agreeing with the two persons.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐπέλαβεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

3.2.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 33
Input: 915
Output: 2,401
Total: 3,316

ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ Λυκοῦργος Λακεδαιμονίοις τοὺς νόμους ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀγησιλάου βασιλείας· θεῖναι δὲ αὐτὸν λέγουσιν οἱ μὲν παρὰ τῆς Πυθίας διδαχθέντα ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, οἱ δὲ ὡς Κρητικὰ ὄντα νόμιμα ἐπαγάγοιτο.

The sentence has a main clause with ἔθηκε and two coordinated λέγουσιν reports; θεῖναι is the accusative-and-infinitive complement of λέγουσιν, with διδαχθέντα and ἐπαγάγοιτο expressing the two reported explanations. The final ὡς-clause is somewhat compressed, so its attachment and the subject of ἐπαγάγοιτο are marked with moderate uncertainty.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔθηκε	τίθημι	VERB	V3SAAI	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἔθηκε	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἔθηκε	cc	high
4	Λυκοῦργος	Λυκοῦργος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἔθηκε	nsubj	high
5	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἔθηκε	iobj	high	Dative recipient.
6	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 νόμους	det	high
7	νόμους	νόμος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἔθηκε	obj	high
8	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	11 βασιλείας	case	high
9	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 βασιλείας	det	high
10	Ἀγησιλάου	Ἀγησίλαος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 βασιλείας	nmod	high
11	βασιλείας	βασιλεία	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἔθηκε	obl	high	ἐπὶ with genitive: during the reign.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔθηκε	punct	high
13	θεῖναι	τίθημι	VERB	V--AAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	16 λέγουσιν	ccomp	high	Infinitive complement of λέγουσιν.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 λέγουσιν	cc	high
15	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	13 θεῖναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
16	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	V3PPAI	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Active	1 ἔθηκε	parataxis	high	Impersonal/general subject: 'they say'.
17	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 μὲν	det	high	Substantival article, with μὲν.
18	μὲν	μέν	PART	ADV	_	16 λέγουσιν	advmod	high	Marks the first member of the οἱ μὲν ... οἱ δὲ contrast.
19	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	P	_	21 Πυθίας	case	high
20	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 Πυθίας	det	high
21	Πυθίας	Πυθία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 διδαχθέντα	obl	high	Source with παρὰ; modifies διδαχθέντα.
22	διδαχθέντα	διδάσκω	VERB	V-APPASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Passive	13 θεῖναι	advcl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with αὐτόν; causal/instrumental circumstance.
23	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	P	_	24 αὐτῶν	case	high
24	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	22 διδαχθέντα	obl	high	Genitive object of ὑπέρ.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	22 διδαχθέντα	punct	high
26	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 ἐπαγάγοιτο	nsubj	medium	Substantival article; understood subject of ἐπαγάγοιτο.
27	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 λέγουσιν	cc	high	Coordinates the second οἱ δὲ report.
28	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	32 ἐπαγάγοιτο	mark	medium	Introduces the second reported rationale/content clause.
29	Κρητικὰ	Κρητικός	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	30 ὄντα	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative with ὄντα; understood referent is the laws.
30	ὄντα	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAPN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Active	31 νόμιμα	acl	medium	Participial modifier/predication for νόμιμα.
31	νόμιμα	νόμιμος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	32 ἐπαγάγοιτο	obj	medium	Accusative object of ἐπαγάγοιτο, coordinated semantically with Κρητικά.
32	ἐπαγάγοιτο	ἐπάγω	VERB	V3SMAO	Mood=Optative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	16 λέγουσιν	conj	medium	Second coordinated reported verb; subject is implicit/represented by substantival οἱ.
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	32 ἐπαγάγοιτο	punct	high

Sentence 3

3.2.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 23
Input: 783
Output: 1,684
Total: 2,467

τούτους δὲ οἱ Κρῆτες τοὺς νόμους τεθῆναί σφισιν ὑπὸ Μίνω λέγουσι, βουλεύσασθαι δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ τὸν Μίνω.

Accusative-and-infinitive construction after λέγουσι: τούτους τοὺς νόμους is the accusative subject of τεθῆναι, while τὸν Μίνω is the accusative subject of βουλεύσασθαι; Μίνω is the Homeric/contracted accusative of Μίνως. The passive infinitive τεθῆναι has an agent phrase ὑπὸ Μίνω, and σφισιν is a dative of recipient/reference.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούτους	οὗτος	PRON	PD-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 τεθῆναί	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive τεθῆναι.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 λέγουσι	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	DA-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Κρῆτες	det	high
4	Κρῆτες	Κρής	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 λέγουσι	nsubj	high	Subject of λέγουσι.
5	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	DA-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 νόμους	det	high
6	νόμους	νόμος	NOUN	N-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 τεθῆναί	obj	high	Predicate accusative/object-like complement of τεθῆναι.
7	τεθῆναί	τίθημι	VERB	V-RAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	11 λέγουσι	ccomp	high	Aorist passive infinitive in reported speech.
8	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	RP-DP	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	7 τεθῆναί	iobj	high	Recipient/reference dative: ‘for/to them’.
9	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	10 Μίνω	case	high	Agent preposition with genitive.
10	Μίνω	Μίνως	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 τεθῆναί	obl:agent	medium	Agent of τεθῆναι; form is morphologically ambiguous, but governed by ὑπό as genitive.
11	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 λέγουσι	punct	high
13	βουλεύσασθαι	βουλεύω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	11 λέγουσι	ccomp	high	Second coordinated infinitival complement in the reported statement.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 βουλεύσασθαι	cc	high	Connective introducing the second infinitive.
15	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	P	_	17 νόμων	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
16	τῶν	ὁ	DET	DGPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 νόμων	det	high
17	νόμων	νόμος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 βουλεύσασθαι	obl	high	Object of ὑπέρ, ‘concerning/on behalf of the laws’.
18	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PARTкла	Polarity=Neg	19 ἄνευ	advmod	high	Negates the prepositional phrase ἄνευ θεοῦ.
19	ἄνευ	ἄνευ	ADP	P	_	20 θεοῦ	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
20	θεοῦ	θεός	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 βουλεύσασθαι	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἄνευ.
21	τὸν	ὁ	DET	DA-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 Μίνω	det	high
22	Μίνω	Μίνως	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 βουλεύσασθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of βουλεύσασθαι.
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 λέγουσι	punct	high

Sentence 4

3.2.4 sentence 4

Tokens: 33
Input: 871
Output: 2,358
Total: 3,229

ᾐνίξατο δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν περὶ τοῦ Μίνω τῆς νομοθεσίας ἐν τοῖσδε τοῖς ἔπεσι· τῇσι δʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσσός, μεγάλη πόλις, ἔνθα τε Μίνως ἐννέωρος βασίλευε Διὸς μεγάλου ὀαριστής.

The quoted Homeric hexameter is syntactically elliptical: τῇσι ἐνὶ Κνωσσός is treated as a nominal locative clause, while ἔνθα introduces the clause Μίνως ... βασίλευε.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ᾐνίξατο	αἰνίσσομαι	VERB	V-3S-AOR-MI-IND	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist middle indicative.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ᾐνίξατο	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 Ὅμηρος	cc	high	Connects Homer with the omitted/understood subject of ᾐνίξατο.
4	Ὅμηρος	Ὅμηρος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ᾐνίξατο	nsubj	high
5	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1DS	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	6 δοκεῖν	iobj	medium	Dative with δοκεῖν: 'as it seems to me'.
6	δοκεῖν	δοκέω	VERB	V-PNA	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 ᾐνίξατο	advcl	medium	Parenthetical infinitival construction expressing the speaker's judgment.
7	περὶ	περί	ADP	PREP	_	11 νομοθεσίας	case	high
8	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 Μίνω	det	high
9	Μίνω	Μίνως	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 νομοθεσίας	nmod	high	Genitive of reference/association with νομοθεσία.
10	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 νομοθεσίας	det	high
11	νομοθεσίας	νομοθεσία	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ᾐνίξατο	obl	high	περὶ governs the genitive phrase περὶ τοῦ Μίνω τῆς νομοθεσίας.
12	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	15 ἔπεσι	case	high
13	τοῖσδε	ὅδε	DET	D-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	15 ἔπεσι	det	high	Demonstrative determiner.
14	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 ἔπεσι	det	high
15	ἔπεσι	ἔπος	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ᾐνίξατο	obl	high	ἐν with dative: 'in these verses'.
16	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ᾐνίξατο	punct	high
17	τῇσι	ὁ	DET	T-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 Κνωσσός	det	high	Epic form; article with Κνωσσός, understood as 'at Knossos'.
18	δʼ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 βασίλευε	cc	high	Apodotic/continuative δέ.
19	ἐνὶ	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	20 Κνωσσός	case	high	Epic form of ἐν.
20	Κνωσσός	Κνωσσός	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 βασίλευε	obl	medium	Nominal clause with locative dative/article phrase: τῇσι ἐνὶ Κνωσσός, 'in it is Knossos'; morphologically nominative.
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 Κνωσσός	punct	high
22	μεγάλη	μέγας	ADJ	A-NSF	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 πόλις	amod	high
23	πόλις	πόλις	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 Κνωσσός	appos	high	Apposition to Κνωσσός.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	23 πόλις	punct	high
25	ἔνθα	ἔνθα	ADV	ADV	_	29 βασίλευε	advmod	high	Relative adverb introducing the clause.
26	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 βασίλευε	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
27	Μίνως	Μίνως	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 βασίλευε	nsubj	high
28	ἐννέωρος	ἐννέωρος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 βασίλευε	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with βασίλευε, 'nine-year-old' or 'of nine years'.
29	βασίλευε	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-3S-IAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	20 Κνωσσός	acl:relcl	medium	Finite clause under ἔνθα; syntactically describes the Knossos context.
30	Διὸς	Ζεύς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ὀαριστής	nmod	high
31	μεγάλου	μέγας	ADJ	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 Διὸς	amod	high
32	ὀαριστής	ὀαριστής	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 βασίλευε	xcomp	medium	Predicate nominative/appositional complement with βασίλευε: 'converser of great Zeus'.
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	29 βασίλευε	punct	high

Sentence 5

3.2.4 sentence 5

Tokens: 8
Input: 594
Output: 499
Total: 1,093

Hom. Od. 19.178

The input is a bibliographic citation rather than a Greek syntactic sentence; tokenization splits the abbreviations Hom. and Od. into character fragments.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	H	H	X	_	_	0 ROOT	root	low	Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation; token is Latin H, not an Ancient Greek word.
2	o	o	X	_	_	1 H	flat	low	Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation; token is Latin o.
3	m	m	X	_	_	1 H	flat	low	Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation; token is Latin m.
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 H	punct	high
5	O	O	X	_	_	1 H	parataxis	low	Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation; token is Latin O.
6	d	d	X	_	_	5 O	flat	low	Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation; token is Latin d.
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 O	punct	high
8	19.178	19.178	NUM	_	NumType=Card	1 H	nummod	low	Bibliographic citation number; internal period prevents confident standard numeral morphology.

← 3.2.3 3.2.5 →