Grammar parses for passage 3.20.3
Open translation for this passage
διαβᾶσι δὲ αὐτόθεν ποταμὸν Φελλίαν, παρὰ Ἀμύκλας ἰοῦσιν εὐθεῖαν ὡς ἐπὶ θάλασσαν Φᾶρις πόλις ἐν τῇ Λακωνικῇ ποτε ᾠκεῖτο·
The opening participle διαβᾶσιν is dative plural and governs ποταμὸν Φελλίαν; ἰοῦσιν is a second dative plural participle, with εὐθεῖαν modifying ὁδόν understood. Φᾶρις πόλις is the delayed subject of ᾠκεῖτο; ἐν τῇ Λακωνικῇ is locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διαβᾶσι | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | advcl | high | Dative plural participle, temporally/circumstantially understood; final nu may be absent in tokenization. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτόθεν | αὐτόθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 διαβᾶσι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘from that very place’. |
| 4 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 διαβᾶσι | obj | high | Object of διαβᾶσι. |
| 5 | Φελλίαν | Φελλία | PROPN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμὸν | appos | medium | River name, agreeing with ποταμόν in case; gender follows implied ποταμός. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 1 διαβᾶσι | punct | high | |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἀμύκλας | case | high | With accusative Ἀμύκλας, directional ‘past/by’. |
| 8 | Ἀμύκλας | Ἀμύκλαι | PROPN | N-----AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Accusative place-name governed by παρά. |
| 9 | ἰοῦσιν | εἶμι | VERB | V-PPAP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | advcl | high | Dative plural present participle, ‘for those going’; subject is implicit traveler(s). |
| 10 | εὐθεῖαν | εὐθύς | ADJ | A----ASF- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἰοῦσιν | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely ὁδόν understood (‘the straight route’), associated with ἰοῦσιν. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 εὐθεῖαν | mark | high | Introduces directional phrase with ἐπί. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 θάλασσαν | case | high | With accusative θάλασσαν, direction toward the sea. |
| 13 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εὐθεῖαν | obl | high | Goal/direction of the understood route. |
| 14 | Φᾶρις | Φᾶρις | PROPN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πόλις | compound | medium | Place-name modifying or identifying πόλις. |
| 15 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκεῖτο, with Φᾶρις as its place-name modifier. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Λακωνικῇ | case | high | |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L----DSF- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Λακωνικῇ | det | high | |
| 18 | Λακωνικῇ | Λακωνική | PROPN | A----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | Substantivized regional adjective, ‘in Laconia’. |
| 19 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘once/formerly’. |
| 20 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PII-3S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, ‘was inhabited/was located’. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | punct | high |
ἀποτρεπομένῳ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Φελλίας ἐς δεξιὰν ἡ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τὸ Ταΰγετόν ἐστιν ὁδός.
The copular predicate is ἡ ... ὁδός, with ἐστιν as copula; ἀποτρεπομένῳ is a circumstantial dative participle, and πρός τὸ ὄρος τὸ Ταΰγετόν specifies the road's direction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποτρεπομένῳ | ἀποτρέπω | VERB | V-PPM-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 ὁδός | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, agreeing with understood traveler/person. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀποτρεπομένῳ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Φελλίας | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-DFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Φελλίας | det | high | |
| 5 | Φελλίας | Φελλία | PROPN | N-DFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποτρεπομένῳ | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 δεξιὰν | case | high | |
| 7 | δεξιὰν | δεξιός | ADJ | A-FA-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποτρεπομένῳ | obl | high | Substantivized directional accusative, 'to the right'. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδός | det | high | |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ὄρος | case | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NNS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 11 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδός | obl | high | Object of πρός in the phrase 'toward the mountain'. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NNA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 Ταΰγετόν | det | high | |
| 13 | Ταΰγετόν | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | N-NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ὄρος | appos | high | Appositional proper name identifying ὄρος; form is accusative. |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ὁδός | cop | high | |
| 15 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ὁδός | punct | high |
ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ Διὸς Μεσσαπέως τέμενος·
Existential ἔστι introduces τέμενος as subject; ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ is a locative adjunct. Διὸς Μεσσαπέως is a genitive chain, most naturally ‘of Zeus Messapeus’, modifying τέμενος; the proper-name form Μεσσαπέως is morphologically ambiguous but is treated here as a genitive masculine singular.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 τέμενος | cop | high | Existential copula with τέμενος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πεδίῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πεδίῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | πεδίῳ | πεδίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | obl | high | Locative complement of ἔστι. |
| 6 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Μεσσαπέως | nmod | medium | Genitive of the deity name; linked to Μεσσαπέως in a genitive name phrase. |
| 7 | Μεσσαπέως | Μεσσαπεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τέμενος | nmod | low | Proper-name form and syntactic attachment are somewhat uncertain; treated as genitive singular modifying τέμενος, with Διὸς dependent within the name phrase. |
| 8 | τέμενος | τέμενος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential subject. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 τέμενος | punct | high |
γενέσθαι δέ οἱ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς λέγουσιν ἱερασαμένου τῷ θεῷ.
The infinitival clause γενέσθαι ... is the reported content of λέγουσιν; ἀνδρός ... ἱερασαμένου is a genitive source phrase with a genitive participle agreeing with ἀνδρός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--ANM-- | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Middle | 8 λέγουσιν | csubj | high | Articular infinitive clause understood as subject of λέγουσιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P--DM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐπίκλησιν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference with τὴν ἐπίκλησιν; form syncretic with article. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἐπίκλησιν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 7 ἀνδρὸς | case | high | |
| 7 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερασαμένου | obl | high | Source phrase with ἀπό; dependent on the participle. |
| 8 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἱερασαμένου | ἱεράομαι | VERB | V-AMP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 8 λέγουσιν | advcl | medium | Genitive participle, likely referring to ἀνήρ and expressing the source's prior action. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T--DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 11 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N--DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερασαμένου | iobj | high | Dative complement of ἱερασαμένου. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἐντεῦθέν ἐστιν ἀπιοῦσιν ἐκ τοῦ Ταϋγέτου χωρίον ἔνθα πόλις ποτὲ ᾠκεῖτο Βρυσίαι·
The sentence has an existential/copular ἐστιν with χωρίον as subject and ἐντεῦθεν as predicate of origin/location; ἀπιοῦσιν is a dative plural participial adjunct, and ἔνθα introduces the relative locative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθέν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 2 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverb of place/origin, governing the ensuing existential expression. |
| 2 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA00 | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 3 | ἀπιοῦσιν | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 χωρίον | advcl | medium | Dative plural present active participle, circumstantial with χωρίον; exact syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ταϋγέτου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SGM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ταϋγέτου | det | high | Genitive masculine singular article. |
| 6 | Ταϋγέτου | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | N-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπιοῦσιν | obl | high | Proper name in the genitive after ἐκ. |
| 7 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of existential ἐστιν. |
| 8 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Relative locative adverb introducing the clause. |
| 9 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-SF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκεῖτο. |
| 10 | ποτὲ | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 11 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V3IMI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 7 χωρίον | acl:relcl | high | Imperfect middle/passive-form verb; clause modifies χωρίον via ἔνθα. |
| 12 | Βρυσίαι | Βρυσίαι | PROPN | N-SF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλις | appos | high | Place name in apposition to πόλις. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ Διονύσου ναὸς ἐνταῦθα ἔτι λείπεται καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ.
The coordinated subjects ναὸς and ἄγαλμα are singular neuter; λείπεται is a middle/passive-form present verb, here meaning ‘remains/is left’. Διονύσου is a genitive dependent on ναός; ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ modifies ἄγαλμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ναὸς | cc | high | |
| 2 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ναὸς | nmod | high | Divine name in the genitive. |
| 3 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λείπεται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 6 λείπεται | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 λείπεται | advmod | high | |
| 6 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is middle/passive; construed here as ‘remains’ or ‘is left’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 λείπεται | conj | high | Coordinated with ναός. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ὑπαίθρῳ | case | high | |
| 10 | ὑπαίθρῳ | ὕπαιθρος | ADJ | A--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἄγαλμα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘in the open air’. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λείπεται | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ἐν τῷ ναῷ μόναις γυναιξὶν ἔστιν ὁρᾶν·
The construction τὸ ... ὁρᾶν ἔστιν is an articular infinitive functioning as the subject of impersonal ἔστιν; γυναιξὶν is a dative of the person for whom seeing is possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----N--S | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter article, ‘the thing’; subject of ἔστιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ναῷ | case | high | Preposition governing τῷ ναῷ. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T----D--S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ναῷ | det | high | Article agreeing with ναῷ. |
| 5 | ναῷ | ναός | NOUN | N---DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative locative complement of ἐν. |
| 6 | μόναις | μόνος | ADJ | A--D---F- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 γυναιξὶν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier agreeing with γυναιξὶν. |
| 7 | γυναιξὶν | γυνή | NOUN | N---DP-F- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἔστιν | iobj | high | Dative of the person for whom the seeing is possible. |
| 8 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal εἰμί governing the articular infinitive ὁρᾶν. |
| 9 | ὁρᾶν | ὁράω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Articular infinitive with τὸ, complement of impersonal ἔστιν. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γυναῖκες γὰρ δὴ μόναι καὶ τὰ ἐς τὰς θυσίας δρῶσιν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ.
The sentence has an understood finite verb with γυναῖκες as subject; δρῶσιν is 3pl present active, with τὰ ἐς τὰς θυσίας functioning substantivally as the object and ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ as an adverbial phrase. The exact scope of καὶ is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 δρῶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G--------- | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | μόναι | μόνος | ADJ | A--NPFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 γυναῖκες | amod | high | Predicative/emphatic adjective agreeing with γυναῖκες. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | cc | medium | Scope is elliptical or discourse-level. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 δρῶσιν | det | medium | Article substantivizes the following prepositional phrase. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 τὰς | case | high | |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L---APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 θυσίας | det | high | |
| 9 | θυσίας | θυσία | NOUN | N-AFP---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐς | obl | high | Object of εἰς. |
| 10 | δρῶσιν | δράω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 12 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | |
| 12 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A---DNS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 δρῶσιν | obl | high | Neuter substantivized adjective: 'in secret/secretly'. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | punct | high |