Grammar parses for passage 3.20.3
Open translation for this passage
διαβᾶσι δὲ αὐτόθεν ποταμὸν Φελλίαν, παρὰ Ἀμύκλας ἰοῦσιν εὐθεῖαν ὡς ἐπὶ θάλασσαν Φᾶρις πόλις ἐν τῇ Λακωνικῇ ποτε ᾠκεῖτο·
The opening participial phrases are left-attached circumstantials modifying the main clause; ὡς ἐπὶ θάλασσαν is treated as a directional complement of the participial motion phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διαβᾶσι | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-AP? | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | advcl | medium | Dative plural aorist active participle, likely circumstantial 'having crossed'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | αὐτόθεν | αὐτόθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 1 διαβᾶσι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participle. |
| 4 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 διαβᾶσι | obj | medium | Object of διαβᾶσι. |
| 5 | Φελλίαν | Φελλίας | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμὸν | appos | medium | Proper name in apposition to ποταμόν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 8 Ἀμύκλας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀμύκλας. |
| 8 | Ἀμύκλας | Ἄμυκλαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Complement of παρὰ. |
| 9 | ἰοῦσιν | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | advcl | high | Dative plural participle, likely with omitted dative subject referring to 'those going'. |
| 10 | εὐθεῖαν | εὐθύς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἰοῦσιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial use from adjective; likely 'straight on'. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἐπὶ | mark | high | Introduces directional phrase. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 13 θάλασσαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 14 | Φᾶρις | Φᾶρις | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πόλις | compound | medium | Proper name modifying πόλις. |
| 15 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκεῖτο. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 18 Λακωνικῇ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Λακωνικῇ | det | high | Article modifying Λακωνικῇ. |
| 18 | Λακωνικῇ | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | Locative oblique phrase with ἐν. |
| 19 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | _ | _ | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 20 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, imperfect middle/passive form meaning 'was inhabited/dwelt'. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ᾠκεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀποτρεπομένῳ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Φελλίας ἐς δεξιὰν ἡ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τὸ Ταΰγετόν ἐστιν ὁδός.
The syntax is a locative/directional description with a participial frame; ἀποτρεπομένῳ governs the directional phrases, and ὁδός is the clause root with ἐστιν as copula.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποτρεπομένῳ | ἀποτρέπω | VERB | V-PPP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Dative participle with concessive/temporal sense, dependent on the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 14 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 5 Φελλίας | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-PRI-FSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Φελλίας | det | high | Article modifying Φελλίας. |
| 5 | Φελλίας | Φελλία | PROPN | N--FSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποτρεπομένῳ | obl | high | Genitive object of ἀπό. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 7 δεξιὰν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | δεξιὰν | δεξιός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative phrase meaning 'to the right'. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ὁδός | det | high | Article modifying ὁδός. |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 11 ὄρος | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ὄρος | det | high | Article modifying ὄρος. |
| 11 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδός | nmod | high | Object of πρός within the directional modifier. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ταΰγετόν | det | high | Article modifying Ταΰγετόν. |
| 13 | Ταΰγετόν | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὄρος | nmod | high | Proper name in apposition to ὄρος. |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ὁδός | cop | high | Copula with ὁδός as predicate nominative. |
| 15 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate nominal; clause identifies the road. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ὁδός | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ Διὸς Μεσσαπέως τέμενος·
Existential ἔστι with a prepositional locative phrase and a nominative subject; the two genitives modify τέμενος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as sentence root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | obl | medium | Preposition introducing locative phrase; attaches to existential verb. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 πεδίῳ | det | high | Article modifying πεδίῳ. |
| 5 | πεδίῳ | πεδίον | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐν | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐν. |
| 6 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τέμενος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τέμενος. |
| 7 | Μεσσαπέως | Μεσσαπεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τέμενος | nmod | high | Second genitive dependent of τέμενος; likely appositional/possessive relation with Διός. |
| 8 | τέμενος | τέμενος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Existential subject. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
γενέσθαι δέ οἱ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς λέγουσιν ἱερασαμένου τῷ θεῷ.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: λέγουσιν governs the infinitive γενέσθαι, while the participial phrase ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς ἱερασαμένου τῷ θεῷ modifies the report.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AAN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive with λέγουσιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 λέγουσιν | nsubj | medium | Likely article used substantively for the speakers. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἐπίκλησιν | det | high | Article modifying ἐπίκλησιν. |
| 5 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/content of γενέσθαι in indirect statement sense. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἀνδρὸς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀνδρός. |
| 7 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερασαμένου | obl | high | Dependent of the participle as source/origin phrase. |
| 8 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | ἱερασαμένου | ἱεράομαι | VERB | V-APM-SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 λέγουσιν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute / participial clause; form and lemma somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 θεῷ | det | high | Article modifying θεῷ. |
| 11 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερασαμένου | obl | high | Dative object of ἱερασαμένου. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐντεῦθέν ἐστιν ἀπιοῦσιν ἐκ τοῦ Ταϋγέτου χωρίον ἔνθα πόλις ποτὲ ᾠκεῖτο Βρυσίαι·
The sentence has an existential main clause with χωρίον as the predicative noun and a relative clause ἔνθα ... ᾠκεῖτο; Βρυσίαι is syntactically unclear, likely appositional or resumptive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθέν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 2 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverb, likely with elided -εἰ as in ἐντεῦθέν ἐστιν. |
| 2 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb, root of the clause. |
| 3 | ἀπιοῦσιν | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative plural participle, depending on ἐστιν in existential construction. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ταϋγέτου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ταϋγέτου | det | high | Article modifying Ταϋγέτου. |
| 6 | Ταϋγέτου | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 χωρίον | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 7 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-AS---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἐστιν | root | medium | Likely predicative/existential head after ἐστιν; syntax is somewhat irregular. |
| 8 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Relative/local adverb introducing the clause. |
| 9 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκεῖτο. |
| 10 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 11 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V3SII-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 7 χωρίον | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause modifying χωρίον. |
| 12 | Βρυσίαι | Βρυσίαι | PROPN | N-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | low | Likely appositional/topical name for πόλις or an alternative subject reference; parsing is uncertain. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
καὶ Διονύσου ναὸς ἐνταῦθα ἔτι λείπεται καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ.
The sentence has two coordinated subject nouns sharing the verb λείπεται; ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ is a locative prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 λείπεται | cc | high | Coordinates the two main clauses/clauses with shared predicate. |
| 2 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ναὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ναός. |
| 3 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λείπεται | nsubj | high | Subject of λείπεται. |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D---------- | _ | 6 λείπεται | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying the verb. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D---------- | _ | 6 λείπεται | advmod | high | Temporal/aspectual adverb modifying the verb. |
| 6 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V-PII3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate of the clause. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 λείπεται | cc | high | Connects the second clause to the first. |
| 8 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 λείπεται | conj | high | Conjunct with the first subject under the shared verb. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ὑπαίθρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ὑπαίθρῳ. |
| 10 | ὑπαίθρῳ | ὕπαιθρος | ADJ | A----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 λείπεται | obl | medium | Adjectival substantive in dative after ἐν; likely locative phrase. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λείπεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ ἐν τῷ ναῷ μόναις γυναιξὶν ἔστιν ὁρᾶν·
The clause is an impersonal construction with ἔστιν + infinitive, and the article τὸ is best treated as the neuter subject-like element introducing the infinitival predication.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ὁρᾶν | obj | medium | Likely article used substantively with infinitive; neuter acc. sg. here may function as inner object/accusative of the infinitive construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 τὸ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ναῷ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ναῷ | det | high | Article with ναῷ. |
| 5 | ναῷ | ναός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τὸ | obl | high | Locative oblique dependent of the predicate. |
| 6 | μόναις | μόνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 γυναιξὶν | amod | high | Adjective modifying γυναιξί(ν). |
| 7 | γυναιξὶν | γυνή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ὁρᾶν | obl | high | Dative governed by the infinitive construction, expressing the persons for whom/allowed to see. |
| 8 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ὁρᾶν | cop | medium | Finite copula with infinitive ὁρᾶν as predicate complement/verb of the clause. |
| 9 | ὁρᾶν | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitive functioning as the main predication: 'it is possible to see'. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὁρᾶν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
γυναῖκες γὰρ δὴ μόναι καὶ τὰ ἐς τὰς θυσίας δρῶσιν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ.
The syntax is straightforward; ἐς τὰς θυσίας forms a prepositional object phrase, while ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ is a locative/adverbial modifier with some morphological ambiguity in ἀπορρήτῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N--PNF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 δρῶσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of δρῶσιν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | discourse | high | Modal/emphatic particle. |
| 4 | μόναι | μόνος | ADJ | A--PNF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 γυναῖκες | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with γυναῖκες. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | cc | high | Connects the coordinated predicate phrase to the subject clause. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-PPN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 θυσίας | det | high | Article with ἐς-phrase, substantivizing it. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 θυσίας | case | high | Preposition governing τὰς θυσίας. |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-PPF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 θυσίας | det | high | Article modifying θυσίας. |
| 9 | θυσίας | θυσία | NOUN | N-PPF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 δρῶσιν | obj | high | Object of the verb within the prepositional phrase. |
| 10 | δρῶσιν | δράω | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ἀπορρήτῳ. |
| 12 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἄπορρητος | ADJ | A--NSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 δρῶσιν | obl | medium | Adjectival substantive with preposition; probably dative singular neuter. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 δρῶσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |