Grammar parses for passage 3.20.4
Open translation for this passage
ἄκρα δὲ τοῦ Ταϋγέτου Ταλετὸν ὑπὲρ Βρυσεῶν ἀνέχει.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ἄκρα τοῦ Ταϋγέτου and Ταλετὸν likely refer to the same geographic feature, with Ταλετὸν functioning appositionally or as an alternative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄκρα | ἄκρος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 8 ἀνέχει | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject with implied 'ends/peaks'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέχει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 Ταϋγέτου | det | high | Article with Ταϋγέτου. |
| 4 | Ταϋγέτου | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἄκρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄκρα. |
| 5 | Ταλετὸν | Ταλέτον | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 ἀνέχει | nsubj | medium | Likely the promontory name; appositive/alternative subject to ἄκρα. |
| 6 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Βρυσεῶν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 7 | Βρυσεῶν | Βρυσεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 ἀνέχει | obl | high | Object of ὑπέρ. |
| 8 | ἀνέχει | ἀνέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb 'projects/rises'. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέχει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ταύτην Ἡλίου καλοῦσιν ἱερὰν καὶ ἄλλα τε αὐτόθι Ἡλίῳ θύουσι καὶ ἵππους·
Two coordinated clauses; the second is slightly elliptical, with ἄλλα τε likely meaning 'other things as well' and ἵππους as an additional coordinated object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Demonstrative modifying implicit or contextually supplied noun. |
| 2 | Ἡλίου | Ἥλιος | PROPN | N-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ταύτην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ταύτην. |
| 3 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 4 | ἱερὰν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ταύτην | amod | high | Predicate/objective complement with ταύτην. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 θύουσι | cc | high | Coordinates second clause with first. |
| 6 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 θύουσι | obj | medium | Likely neuter plural object/argument; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | CLIT | _ | 6 ἄλλα | advmod | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 8 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | D-- | _ | 10 θύουσι | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 9 | Ἡλίῳ | Ἥλιος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 θύουσι | iobj | high | Dative with θύουσι. |
| 10 | θύουσι | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb, coordinated clause. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 θύουσι | cc | high | Coordinates ἵππους with preceding object/phrase. |
| 12 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 θύουσι | obj | high | Direct object of θύουσι. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 θύουσι | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ Πέρσας οἶδα θύειν νομίζοντας.
The syntax is an accusative-and-infinitive construction with participial modification; τὸ αὐτὸ is somewhat ambiguous but most naturally treated as a substantive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 θύειν | obj | medium | Likely articular neuter accusative used substantively with infinitive construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 οἶδα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 τὸ | amod | medium | Could also be part of the substantival phrase; taken as adjectival modifier of τὸ. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 Πέρσας | cc | high | Coordinating particle/conjunction. |
| 5 | Πέρσας | Πέρσης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 νομίζοντας | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive θύειν in indirect discourse. |
| 6 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb governing infinitive clause and participial complement. |
| 7 | θύειν | θύω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 οἶδα | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 8 | νομίζοντας | νομίζω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 οἶδα | xcomp | medium | Accusative masculine plural participle agreeing with Πέρσας; semantic role somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 οἶδα | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
παρέχεται δὲ καὶ διʼ ὅλου τὸ Ταΰγετον τῶν αἰγῶν τούτων ἄγραν καὶ ὑῶν, πλείστην δὲ καὶ ἐλάφων καὶ ἄρκτων.
The sentence has coordinated accusative noun phrases after παρέχεται, with a second elliptic phrase πλείστην δὲ καὶ ἐλάφων καὶ ἄρκτων whose exact internal attachment is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PEI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 παρέχεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 παρέχεται | cc | high | Connective adverbial/conjunctive particle. |
| 4 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | Case=Gen | 5 ὅλου | case | high | Governed by following genitive. |
| 5 | ὅλου | ὅλος | ADJ | A--GNS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obl | medium | Likely part of prepositional phrase; form could also be adverbial in context, but genitive fits διά. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ταΰγετον | det | high | Article modifying Ταΰγετον. |
| 7 | Ταΰγετον | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | N-NSM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obj | high | Accusative object of παρέχεται. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-PGP--- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 αἰγῶν | det | high | Article with αἰγῶν. |
| 9 | αἰγῶν | αἴξ | NOUN | N-PGF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἄγραν | nmod | high | Dependent genitive modifying ἄγραν. |
| 10 | τούτων | οὗτος | DET | PD-PGF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 9 αἰγῶν | det | high | Demonstrative modifying αἰγῶν. |
| 11 | ἄγραν | ἄγρα | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obj | medium | Likely appositional/explanatory object in the coordinated object phrase. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ὑῶν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 13 | ὑῶν | ὗς | NOUN | N-PGF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἄγραν | conj | medium | Coordinated with αἰγῶν under ἄγραν. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | πλείστην | πολύς | ADJ | A-SAF-S--- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obj | medium | Second coordinated accusative phrase; likely understood with ἄγραν. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 πλείστην | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 πλείστην | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 18 | ἐλάφων | ἐλάφος | NOUN | N-PGF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πλείστην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πλείστην (ellipsis of ἄγραν/ἄγρας). |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἄρκτων | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 20 | ἄρκτων | ἄρκτος | NOUN | N-PGF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἐλάφων | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐλάφων. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |