Grammar parses for passage 3.20.4
Open translation for this passage
ἄκρα δὲ τοῦ Ταϋγέτου Ταλετὸν ὑπὲρ Βρυσεῶν ἀνέχει.
The sentence describes the peak of Taygetus rising above Bryseai; Ταλετόν is treated as an accusative place-name object of ἀνέχει, though its lexical gender and lemma normalization are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄκρα | ἄκρος | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέχει | nsubj | high | Feminine nominative singular noun, subject; understood κορυφή/ἄκρα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἀνέχει | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ταϋγέτου | det | high | Articular genitive modifying Ταϋγέτου. |
| 4 | Ταϋγέτου | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἄκρα | nmod | high | Genitive proper name dependent on ἄκρα. |
| 5 | Ταλετὸν | Ταλετόν | PROPN | N----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέχει | obj | medium | Accusative place-name, object of ἀνέχει; accentuation and grammatical gender are lexically uncertain. |
| 6 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Βρυσεῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 7 | Βρυσεῶν | Βρυσεαί | PROPN | N---GFN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 Ταλετὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive plural place-name governed by ὑπέρ; lemma normalized as feminine plural name. |
| 8 | ἀνέχει | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite present active indicative, third singular. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέχει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ταύτην Ἡλίου καλοῦσιν ἱερὰν καὶ ἄλλα τε αὐτόθι Ἡλίῳ θύουσι καὶ ἵππους·
The second clause is coordinated with the naming clause; ἄλλα is treated as a substantive coordinated object of θύουσι, despite its transmitted nominative/neuter form, which may reflect ellipsis or textual/syntactic irregularity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD---AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Demonstrative pronoun, object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 2 | Ἡλίου | Ἥλιος | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Genitive of association/possession with ἱεράν, within the naming predicate. |
| 3 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb governing the first clause. |
| 4 | ἱερὰν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-----AFS- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate complement of καλοῦσιν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates the second object phrase with the preceding naming construction. |
| 6 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | P---NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 10 θύουσι | obj | medium | Neuter plural substantive; coordinated object/thing(s) associated with θύουσι, though a nominative form is morphologically possible and syntax is somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἄλλα | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator linking ἄλλα with the following coordinated material. |
| 8 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 10 θύουσι | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying θύουσι. |
| 9 | Ἡλίῳ | Ἥλιος | PROPN | N-----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 θύουσι | iobj | high | Dative recipient/addressee of sacrifice. |
| 10 | θύουσι | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 καλοῦσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb, with καλοῦσιν as its conjunct anchor. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἵππους | cc | high | Coordinates ἵππους with the preceding object ἄλλα. |
| 12 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N-----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 θύουσι | obj | high | Accusative object of θύουσι. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ Πέρσας οἶδα θύειν νομίζοντας.
The sentence has an elliptical coordinated object: τὸ αὐτό is the neuter object of οἶδα, while Πέρσας is the understood-person object associated with the participial/infinitival construction; the exact attachment of νομίζοντας is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 αὐτὸ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 οἶδα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 οἶδα | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter accusative, ‘the same thing’; possibly an adverbialized phrase. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Πέρσας | cc | high | Coordinates Πέρσας with an understood preceding object/person. |
| 5 | Πέρσας | Πέρσης | PROPN | Ne-----A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 θύειν | obj | high | |
| 6 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning. |
| 7 | θύειν | θύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 νομίζοντας | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on νομίζοντας in the construction ‘considering the Persians to sacrifice’. |
| 8 | νομίζοντας | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-AMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 οἶδα | advcl | medium | Accusative masculine plural circumstantial participle; its understood subject is the Persians, with θύειν as its infinitival complement. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 οἶδα | punct | high |
Ταλετοῦ δὲ οὐ πόρρω καλούμενός ἐστιν Εὐόρας, θηρία καὶ ἄλλα τρέφων καὶ αἶγας μάλιστα ἀγρίας.
The clause means that Euoras is called (or named) not far from Taleton; τρέφων is a nominative circumstantial participle agreeing with the understood subject Εὐόρας, with θηρία and αἶγας as coordinated objects. The form Ταλετοῦ is treated as a genitive place-name dependent on πόρρω.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ταλετοῦ | Ταλετός | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πόρρω | obl | medium | Place-name in the genitive with πόρρω; exact declensional class uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | X-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 καλούμενός | advmod | high | |
| 4 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 καλούμενός | advmod | high | Adverb of distance, governing or associating with the genitive place-name. |
| 5 | καλούμενός | καλέω | VERB | V-PPMNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Present passive participle functioning predicatively with ἐστιν. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-SPI3-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Εὐόρας | Εὐόρας | PROPN | N--N---M- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καλούμενός | nsubj:pass | medium | Proper name; nominative subject of the passive naming construction. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 τρέφων | punct | high | |
| 9 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | N--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 τρέφων | obj | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 θηρία | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with θηρία. |
| 12 | τρέφων | τρέφω | VERB | V-SPPAMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Nominative circumstantial participle agreeing with Εὐόρας. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 αἶγας | cc | high | |
| 14 | αἶγας | αἴξ | NOUN | N--APF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 τρέφων | obj | high | |
| 15 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἀγρίας | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἀγρίας. |
| 16 | ἀγρίας | ἄγριος | ADJ | A--APF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 αἶγας | amod | high | Agrees with αἶγας. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |
παρέχεται δὲ καὶ διʼ ὅλου τὸ Ταΰγετον τῶν αἰγῶν τούτων ἄγραν καὶ ὑῶν, πλείστην δὲ καὶ ἐλάφων καὶ ἄρκτων.
The middle/passive παρέχεται has an elided or contextually understood subject, with τὸ Ταΰγετον as the nominative subject and ἄγραν as its accusative complement; πλείστην is an elliptical accusative continuation coordinated with the later genitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V μέσ-ενδ-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle form; contextual interpretation is ‘provides/affords’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | cc | high | Connective καί. |
| 4 | διʼ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ὅλου | case | high | Elided form διά before vowel. |
| 5 | ὅλου | ὅλος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obl | medium | Genitive with διά; substantivized/elliptical, ‘through the whole [mountain/range]’. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 Ταΰγετον | det | high | |
| 7 | Ταΰγετον | Ταΰγετον | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative place-name; construed as subject of παρέχεται. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 αἰγῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | αἰγῶν | αἴξ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἄγραν | nmod | high | |
| 10 | τούτων | οὗτος | DET | D-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 αἰγῶν | det | high | Demonstrative modifying αἰγῶν. |
| 11 | ἄγραν | ἄγρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obj | high | Accusative object, ‘catch/hunting’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἄγραν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὑῶν | ὗς | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἄγραν | nmod | high | Genitive coordinated with αἰγῶν, dependent on ἄγραν. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἄγραν | punct | high | |
| 15 | πλείστην | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obj | medium | Elliptical accusative, likely modifying an understood ἄγραν. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 πλείστην | cc | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 πλείστην | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐλάφων | ἔλαφος | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πλείστην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on elliptical ἄγραν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐλάφων | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἄρκτων | ἄρκτος | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἐλάφων | conj | high | Genitive coordinated with ἐλάφων. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | punct | high |