Grammar parses for passage 3.20.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ πόλισμα Ἕλος ἦν, οὗ δὴ καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐμνημόνευκεν ἐν καταλόγῳ Λακεδαιμονίων·
The relative clause οὗ ... ἐμνημόνευκεν refers to Ἕλος/πόλισμα; οὗ is analyzed as a genitive argument of μνημονεύω, with some syntactic uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 2 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πόλισμα | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί, locative sense. |
| 3 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | Ἕλος | Ἕλος | PROPN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πόλισμα | appos | high | Place name in apposition to πόλισμα. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V--IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 7 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | P--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐμνημόνευκεν | obl | medium | Relative genitive, likely referring to Ἕλος; relation may be partitive/possessive with ἐμνημόνευκεν. |
| 8 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 ἐμνημόνευκεν | discourse | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἐμνημόνευκεν | cc | high | Additive particle/conjunction. |
| 10 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐμνημόνευκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἐμνημόνευκεν | μνημονεύω | VERB | V--XAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 ἦν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause headed by οὗ. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 καταλόγῳ | case | high | |
| 13 | καταλόγῳ | κατάλογος | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐμνημόνευκεν | obl | high | |
| 14 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 καταλόγῳ | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the catalogue. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high |
οἵ τʼ ἄρʼ Ἀμύκλας εἶχον Ἕλος τʼ ἔφαλον πτολίεθρον. Hom. Il. 2.584
Relative clause with οἵ as subject and εἶχον as finite verb; Ἀμύκλας and Ἕλος are coordinated objects, with ἔφαλον modifying πτολίεθρον. The final Homeric citation is tokenized as printed and treated as bibliographic text.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | P-1-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 εἶχον | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of εἶχον. |
| 2 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἀμύκλας | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinating particle, linking the place names. |
| 3 | ἄρʼ | ἄρα | PART | Df-------- | _ | 5 εἶχον | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 4 | Ἀμύκλας | Ἀμύκλαι | PROPN | Ne---A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 εἶχον | obj | high | Place-name in the accusative, object of εἶχον. |
| 5 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IIAIA3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 6 | Ἕλος | Ἕλος | PROPN | Neut-A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 εἶχον | conj | high | Second place-name, coordinated object of εἶχον. |
| 7 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Ἕλος | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinating particle associated with the second coordinated object. |
| 8 | ἔφαλον | ἔφαλος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 πτολίεθρον | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with πτολίεθρον. |
| 9 | πτολίεθρον | πτολίεθρον | NOUN | Nb-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 Ἕλος | conj | high | Third coordinated accusative object, with ἔφαλον as modifier. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 11 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token; not Greek prose. |
| 12 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 11 H | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token; not Greek prose. |
| 13 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 11 H | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token; not Greek prose. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 H | punct | high | Punctuation inside bibliographic citation. |
| 15 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 11 H | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token; not Greek prose. |
| 16 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 15 I | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token; not Greek prose. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 I | punct | high | Punctuation inside bibliographic citation. |
| 18 | 2.584 | 2.584 | X | _ | _ | 11 H | dep | low | Bibliographic line and section reference; retained as one input token. |
τοῦτο ᾤκισε μὲν Ἕλιος νεώτατος τῶν Περσέως παίδων, Δωριεῖς δὲ παρεστήσαντο ὕστερον πολιορκίᾳ, καὶ πρῶτοί τε ἐγένοντο οὗτοι Λακεδαιμονίων δοῦλοι τοῦ κοινοῦ καὶ εἵλωτες ἐκλήθησαν πρῶτοι, καθάπερ γε καὶ ἦσαν·
The sentence coordinates οἰκίζω, παρίστημι, γίγνομαι, and καλέω; πρῶτοι/δοῦλοι are predicative complements, while καθάπερ introduces the final comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PDNSAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 2 ᾤκισε | obj | high | |
| 2 | ᾤκισε | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 2 ᾤκισε | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Ἕλιος | Ἕλιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ᾤκισε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | νεώτατος | νέος | ADJ | A-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἕλιος | amod | high | Superlative predicate/appositional modifier. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 παίδων | det | high | |
| 7 | Περσέως | Περσεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παίδων | nmod | high | |
| 8 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 νεώτατος | obl | high | Partitive genitive with superlative. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ᾤκισε | punct | high | |
| 10 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 παρεστήσαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 12 παρεστήσαντο | cc | high | |
| 12 | παρεστήσαντο | παρίστημι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 2 ᾤκισε | conj | medium | Aorist middle; sense ‘submitted/surrendered’. |
| 13 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-NSN-S | Degree=Cmp | 12 παρεστήσαντο | advmod | high | |
| 14 | πολιορκίᾳ | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 παρεστήσαντο | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρεστήσαντο | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 19 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 17 | πρῶτοί | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NPM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with γίγνομαι. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | X | _ | 19 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 2 ᾤκισε | conj | high | |
| 20 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 19 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 δοῦλοι | nmod | high | |
| 22 | δοῦλοι | δοῦλος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative with γίγνομαι. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 κοινοῦ | det | high | |
| 24 | κοινοῦ | κοινός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 δοῦλοι | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: the common/public domain. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | cc | high | |
| 26 | εἵλωτες | εἵλωτες | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative; lexical lemma convention uncertain. |
| 27 | ἐκλήθησαν | καλέω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 19 ἐγένοντο | conj | high | |
| 28 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NPM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with passive naming construction. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 30 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | SCONJ | X | _ | 33 ἦσαν | mark | high | |
| 31 | γε | γε | PART | X | _ | 33 ἦσαν | discourse | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | ADV | X | _ | 33 ἦσαν | advmod | high | Emphatic ‘indeed/also’. |
| 33 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | advcl | high | Comparative subordinate clause. |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ᾤκισε | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ οἰκετικὸν τὸ ἐπικτηθὲν ὕστερον, Δωριεῖς Μεσσηνίους ὄντας, ὀνομασθῆναι καὶ τούτους ἐξενίκησεν εἵλωτας, καθότι καὶ Ἕλληνας τὸ σύμπαν γένος ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ ποτὲ καλουμένης Ἑλλάδος.
Compressed explanatory syntax: ὀνομασθῆναι and the accusatives around Ἕλληνας/γένος are interpreted as infinitival or denominative complements, with some attachment uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 οἰκετικὸν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἰκετικὸν | οἰκετικός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, subject of ἐξενίκησεν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπικτηθὲν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐπικτηθὲν | ἐπικτάομαι | VERB | V-APP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 οἰκετικὸν | acl | high | Aorist passive participle modifying οἰκετικόν. |
| 6 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐπικτηθὲν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὄντας | pred | medium | Accusative predicate with infinitive understood under ὄντας/ὀνομασθῆναι; form is morphologically accusative plural. |
| 9 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Δωριεῖς | amod | high | |
| 10 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ὀνομασθῆναι | advcl | high | Concessive/identifying participial clause: being Messenians. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὄντας | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὀνομασθῆναι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | xcomp | medium | Aorist passive infinitive, coordinated semantically with the following object/result construction. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | cc | high | |
| 14 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἐξενίκησεν | ἐκνικάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | εἵλωτας | εἵλωτας | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | obj | medium | Lexicalized accusative plural noun, likely the outcome/object in the construction. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high | |
| 18 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | mark | high | Introduces explanatory clause. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 Ἕλληνας | advmod | high | Also/even. |
| 20 | Ἕλληνας | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 γένος | obl | medium | Accusative in explanatory naming/denominative construction. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 σύμπαν | det | high | |
| 22 | σύμπαν | σύμπας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 γένος | amod | high | |
| 23 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | obj | medium | Accusative object/complement in the explanatory clause; syntax is compressed. |
| 24 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 Ἑλλάδος | case | high | |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Θεσσαλίᾳ | case | high | |
| 27 | Θεσσαλίᾳ | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 καλουμένης | obl | high | |
| 28 | ποτὲ | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 καλουμένης | advmod | high | |
| 29 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 30 Ἑλλάδος | acl | high | Genitive participle agreeing with Ἑλλάδος. |
| 30 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 γένος | nmod | high | |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high |