Grammar parses for passage 3.20.9
Open translation for this passage
προϊοῦσι δὲ Ἵππου καλούμενον μνῆμά ἐστι.
The participial phrase προϊοῦσι δὲ is syntactically compressed; I treat it as a circumstantial dative participial clause modifying the implied topic of the sentence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προϊοῦσι | προίημι | VERB | PAP-DPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | advcl | high | Dative plural participle modifying the implied dative referent of motion, likely temporal/conditional in sense. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PCL | _ | 6 ἐστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἵππου | Ἵππος | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μνῆμα. |
| 4 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | PPP-NSN | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 μνῆμά | acl | high | Attributive participle agreeing with μνῆμα. |
| 5 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root verb. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Τυνδάρεως γὰρ θύσας ἐνταῦθα ἵππον τοὺς Ἑλένης ἐξώρκου μνηστῆρας ἱστὰς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου τῶν τομίων·
The syntax is participial and somewhat compressed; ἱστὰς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου is attached provisionally, with the genitive τῶν τομίων likely dependent on ἵππου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυνδάρεως | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | Npmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξώρκου | nsubj | high | Subject of the main verb. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἐξώρκου | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | θύσας | θύω | VERB | AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐξώρκου | advcl | high | Aorist participle modifying Τυνδάρεως. |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 θύσας | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participle. |
| 5 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 θύσας | obj | high | Direct object of θύσας. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Atpm---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 μνηστῆρας | det | high | Article modifying μνηστῆρας. |
| 7 | Ἑλένης | Ἑλένη | PROPN | Nfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μνηστῆρας | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μνηστῆρας. |
| 8 | ἐξώρκου | ἐξορκόω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; imperfect form. |
| 9 | μνηστῆρας | μνηστήρ | NOUN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐξώρκου | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξώρκου. |
| 10 | ἱστὰς | ἵστημι | VERB | AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐξώρκου | advcl | medium | Likely participle coordinated or supplementary to θύσας, modifying Τυνδάρεως. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 13 ἵππου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Atmsg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἵππου | det | high | Article modifying ἵππου. |
| 13 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἱστὰς | obl | medium | Object of the preposition ἐπὶ; attachment to ἱστὰς is somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Atpgn--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 τομίων | det | high | Article modifying τομίων. |
| 15 | τομίων | τομεύς | NOUN | N-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἵππου | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἵππου; likely 'of the slaughtered parts/cuts', though exact sense is uncertain. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐξώρκου | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὁ δὲ ὅρκος ἦν Ἑλένῃ καὶ τῷ γῆμαι προκριθέντι Ἑλένην ἀμυνεῖν ἀδικουμένοις·
The syntax is elliptical: ἦν takes coordinated dative complements, one simple noun phrase and one articular infinitival phrase with attached participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 3 ὅρκος | det | high | Article modifying ὅρκος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ὅρκος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὅρκος | ὅρκος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 4 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb heading the clause. |
| 5 | Ἑλένῃ | Ἑλένη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative complement with ἦν, likely beneficiary/recipient. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 Ἑλένῃ | cc | high | Links the two dative complements. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 γῆμαι | det | high | Article modifying the articular infinitive. |
| 8 | γῆμαι | γαμέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 5 Ἑλένῃ | conj | high | Articular infinitive coordinated with Ἑλένῃ. |
| 9 | προκριθέντι | προκρίνω | VERB | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 8 γῆμαι | advcl | medium | Participle modifying the infinitive phrase; form is somewhat unclear in context. |
| 10 | Ἑλένην | Ἑλένη | PROPN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 γῆμαι | obj | high | Object of γῆμαι. |
| 11 | ἀμυνεῖν | ἀμύνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Future|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 8 γῆμαι | conj | high | Infinitive coordinated with γῆμαι. |
| 12 | ἀδικουμένοις | ἀδικέω | VERB | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 11 ἀμυνεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative participle construed with ἀμυνεῖν; function somewhat uncertain. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐξορκώσας δὲ τὸν ἵππον κατώρυξεν ἐνταῦθα.
The participial clause ἐξορκώσας δὲ τὸν ἵππον is best taken as an adverbial circumstance modifying the main verb κατώρυξεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐξορκώσας | ἐξορκόω | VERB | AOR.ACT.PTCP.NOM.SG.M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 κατώρυξεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle modifying the main verb; subject is the implied same agent. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 κατώρυξεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἵππον | det | high | Article modifying ἵππον. |
| 4 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | NOUN | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐξορκώσας | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξορκώσας. |
| 5 | κατώρυξεν | κατορύσσω | VERB | AOR.ACT.IND.3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 5 κατώρυξεν | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατώρυξεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κίονες δὲ ἑπτὰ οἳ τοῦ μνήματος τούτου διέχουσιν οὐ πολύ, κατὰ τρόπον οἶμαι τὸν ἀρχαῖον, οὓς ἀστέρων τῶν πλανητῶν φασιν ἀγάλματα.
The sentence has two relative clauses and a parenthetical οἶμαι; the second relative clause is elliptical, so ἀγάλματα is taken as the object of φασιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κίονες | κίων | NOUN | N--PM--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 διέχουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of διέχουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 διέχουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἑπτὰ | ἑπτά | NUM | N-------- | NumType=Card | 1 κίονες | nummod | high | Numeric modifier of κίονες. |
| 4 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | RR-PMN--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Rel | 1 κίονες | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying κίονες. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 6 μνήματος | det | high | Article with μνήματος. |
| 6 | μνήματος | μνῆμα | NOUN | N--NSN--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 διέχουσιν | obl | medium | Genitive object/complement with διέχουσιν; syntax is slightly uncertain. |
| 7 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | RD-NSN--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 6 μνήματος | det | high | Demonstrative modifier of μνήματος. |
| 8 | διέχουσιν | διαέχω | VERB | V-3PPAI--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 4 οἳ | acl | medium | Finite verb of the relative clause; attached to οἳ as clause head. |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 πολύ | advmod | high | Negation of πολύ. |
| 10 | πολύ | πολύ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 διέχουσιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial degree modifier with διέχουσιν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διέχουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 τρόπον | case | high | Preposition governing τρόπον. |
| 13 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N--ASM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 οἶμαι | obl | high | Prepositional object of οἶμαι. |
| 14 | οἶμαι | οἴομαι | VERB | V-1SPMI--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=1|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 8 διέχουσιν | advcl | medium | Parenthetical opinion clause modifying the main statement. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 16 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article with ἀρχαῖον. |
| 16 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--ASM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 τρόπον | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τρόπον. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 οἶμαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | RR-APM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Rel | 23 ἀγάλματα | det | medium | Likely relative pronoun referring to ἀγάλματα; function somewhat uncertain in this compressed style. |
| 19 | ἀστέρων | ἀστήρ | NOUN | N--PGM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 23 ἀγάλματα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀγάλματα. |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-PGM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 21 πλανητῶν | det | high | Article with πλανητῶν. |
| 21 | πλανητῶν | πλανήτης | ADJ | A--PGM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 19 ἀστέρων | amod | high | Attributive participial adjective used substantively with ἀστέρων. |
| 22 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-3PPAI--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 23 ἀγάλματα | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause verb depending on ἀγάλματα. |
| 23 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--APN--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 22 φασιν | obj | high | Object of φασιν; clause is elliptical and somewhat difficult. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διέχουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ Κρανίου τέμενος κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐπίκλησιν Στεμματίου καὶ Μυσίας ἐστὶν ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος.
The clause is a copular statement with a somewhat loose appositional/attributive sequence (ἐπίκλησιν Στεμματίου καὶ Μυσίας) before the predicate ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 τέμενος | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the first noun phrase to a following coordinated genitive/PP chain. |
| 2 | Κρανίου | Κράνιον | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 3 τέμενος | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name modifying τέμενος; case suggests possessive/source relation. |
| 3 | τέμενος | τέμενος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ὁδὸν | case | high | Preposition governing ὁδόν. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article modifying ὁδόν. |
| 6 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with κατὰ. |
| 7 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Likely adverbial accusative expressing designation/name; attached to copular clause. |
| 8 | Στεμματίου | Στεμμάτιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name dependent on ἐπίκλησιν, likely naming the epithet's source. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 Μυσίας | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding genitive proper name. |
| 10 | Μυσίας | Μυσία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 8 Στεμματίου | conj | medium | Probably coordinated with Στεμματίου; form can also be an ethnic/toponym in genitive. |
| 11 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 12 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective used substantivally with implied noun 'place/shrine'. |
| 13 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 12 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν, indicating the deity. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |