Grammar parses for passage 3.20.9
Open translation for this passage
προϊοῦσι δὲ Ἵππου καλούμενον μνῆμά ἐστι.
Existential εἰμί has postponed subject μνῆμά; προϊοῦσι is a dative plural participle used substantivally (‘for those proceeding’). Ἵππου is a proper-name genitive modifying μνῆμά, while καλούμενον agrees with μνῆμά and is a supplementary/passive attributive participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προϊοῦσι | πρόειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστι | obl | medium | Substantivized dative present participle, ‘for those proceeding’; exact syntactic relation is somewhat interpretive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 6 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | Ἵππου | Ἵππος | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμά | nmod | high | Proper name in the genitive, modifying μνῆμά. |
| 4 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 5 μνῆμά | acl | high | Passive present participle agreeing with μνῆμά; ‘called/named’. |
| 5 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-----NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of existential ἐστι. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential predicate. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high |
Τυνδάρεως γὰρ θύσας ἐνταῦθα ἵππον τοὺς Ἑλένης ἐξώρκου μνηστῆρας ἱστὰς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου τῶν τομίων·
The sentence is syntactically difficult: ἐξώρκου is treated as the finite root, with μνηστῆρας as its object and ἱστὰς as a secondary participial construction; τομίων remains lexically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυνδάρεως | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | NeMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξώρκου | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Df | _ | 8 ἐξώρκου | discourse | high | |
| 3 | θύσας | θύω | VERB | VAAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐξώρκου | advcl | high | Aorist participle, temporal/circumstantial. |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | Dg | _ | 3 θύσας | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | NAMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 θύσας | obj | high | |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Da-mp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 μνηστῆρας | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἑλένης | Ἑλένη | PROPN | NeGS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μνηστῆρας | nmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐξώρκου | ἐξορκόω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is interpreted as imperfect ἐξώρκου, ‘bound by oath’; exact lexical analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | μνηστῆρας | μνηστήρ | NOUN | NAMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐξώρκου | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἱστὰς | ἵστημι | VERB | VPPAMSNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐξώρκου | advcl | medium | Present active participle agreeing with μνηστῆρας; construed as a secondary predication. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 13 ἵππου | case | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Dgms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἵππου | det | high | |
| 13 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | NGMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἱστὰς | obl | medium | Genitive governed by ἐπί; phrase is attached to the participial construction. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Dg-p | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 15 τομίων | det | high | Gender is unresolved from form alone. |
| 15 | τομίων | τόμιον | NOUN | NGPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἵππου | nmod | low | Lexical/semantic identification of τομίων is uncertain; form is genitive plural. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐξώρκου | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ ὅρκος ἦν Ἑλένῃ καὶ τῷ γῆμαι προκριθέντι Ἑλένην ἀμυνεῖν ἀδικουμένοις·
The predicate ἦν governs an infinitival content clause: the oath was to defend Helen in the interests of the wronged; τῷ προκριθέντι is dative with γῆμαι, ‘for the one chosen to marry’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὅρκος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 3 ὅρκος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὅρκος | ὅρκος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλένῃ | Ἑλένη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of the person to whom the oath applied or was sworn. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 5 Ἑλένῃ | cc | high | |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 προκριθέντι | det | high | Article substantivizes the participial phrase with infinitive γῆμαι. |
| 8 | γῆμαι | γαμέω | VERB | V--AN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 προκριθέντι | acl | medium | Articular infinitive, specifying the one chosen to marry. |
| 9 | προκριθέντι | προκρίνω | VERB | V-APPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 Ἑλένῃ | amod | high | |
| 10 | Ἑλένην | Ἑλένη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀμυνεῖν | obj | high | |
| 11 | ἀμυνεῖν | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-FAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 4 ἦν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἦν; Ἑλένην is its object. |
| 12 | ἀδικουμένοις | ἀδικέω | VERB | V-PPMDPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 ἀμυνεῖν | obl | medium | Dative plural participle, ‘those being wronged’; beneficiary or affected-party dative with ἀμυνεῖν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high |
ἐξορκώσας δὲ τὸν ἵππον κατώρυξεν ἐνταῦθα.
Aorist participle ἐξορκώσας is a circumstantial antecedent-action modifier of the finite verb κατώρυξεν; δέ is postpositive connective, and ἐνταῦθα is a locative adverb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐξορκώσας | ἐξορκόω | VERB | VAAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 κατώρυξεν | advcl | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 κατώρυξεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἵππον | det | high | |
| 4 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐξορκώσας | obj | high | |
| 5 | κατώρυξεν | κατορύσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 κατώρυξεν | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατώρυξεν | punct | high |
κίονες δὲ ἑπτὰ οἳ τοῦ μνήματος τούτου διέχουσιν οὐ πολύ, κατὰ τρόπον οἶμαι τὸν ἀρχαῖον, οὓς ἀστέρων τῶν πλανητῶν φασιν ἀγάλματα.
The second relative clause is parsed with οὓς as object of φασιν and ἀγάλματα as a predicate accusative under an implied infinitive; κατὰ τρόπον ... τὸν ἀρχαῖον and parenthetical οἶμαι have somewhat ambiguous attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κίονες | κίων | NOUN | N-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 κίονες | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἑπτὰ | ἑπτά | NUM | M-------- | _ | 1 κίονες | nummod | high | |
| 4 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P---NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 διέχουσιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to κίονες. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---MG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 μνήματος | det | high | |
| 6 | μνήματος | μνῆμα | NOUN | S----GNe- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 διέχουσιν | obl | high | |
| 7 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | S---GNe- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μνήματος | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with μνήματος. |
| 8 | διέχουσιν | διέχω | VERB | V--PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 κίονες | acl:relcl | high | |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 πολύ | advmod | high | |
| 10 | πολύ | πολύς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 διέχουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘not far’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διέχουσιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 τρόπον | case | high | |
| 13 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | S---MA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 φασιν | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase modifies the following assertion; attachment is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 14 | οἶμαι | οἴομαι | VERB | V--PIM-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 22 φασιν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical ‘I think’; syntactic attachment is interpretive. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---MA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | S---MA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τρόπον | amod | medium | Substantivized/agreement ambiguity within κατὰ τρόπον ... τὸν ἀρχαῖον. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | P---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 φασιν | obj | medium | Accusative relative pronoun, object of φασιν; antecedent is κίονες. |
| 19 | ἀστέρων | ἀστήρ | NOUN | P---G--M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 οὓς | nmod | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---G--M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 πλανητῶν | det | high | |
| 21 | πλανητῶν | πλανήτης | NOUN | P---G--M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀστέρων | nmod | high | Specifies ἀστέρων. |
| 22 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-3PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 κίονες | conj | medium | Main reporting verb of the second relative construction. |
| 23 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | P---NA-Ne | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 φασιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with implied εἶναι: ‘they say [them to be] statues’. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κίονες | punct | high |
καὶ Κρανίου τέμενος κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐπίκλησιν Στεμματίου καὶ Μυσίας ἐστὶν ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος.
The sentence coordinates the subject τέμενος with the copular predicate ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος; κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν modifies the location, while ἐπίκλησιν introduces the cult epithet construction, with Στεμματίου καὶ Μυσίας understood as genitives dependent on ἐπίκλησιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 τέμενος | cc | high | |
| 2 | Κρανίου | Κράνιος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τέμενος | nmod | medium | Proper-name genitive; modifies τέμενος. |
| 3 | τέμενος | τέμενος | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ὁδὸν | case | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P--FAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τέμενος | obl | high | |
| 7 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τέμενος | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/specification: ‘by the epithet/name’; attachment to τέμενος is syntactically uncertain. |
| 8 | Στεμματίου | Στεμμάτιος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | medium | Proper-name genitive dependent on ἐπίκλησιν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 Μυσίας | cc | high | |
| 10 | Μυσίας | Μυσία | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Στεμματίου | conj | medium | Second genitive proper name coordinated with Στεμματίου; form is morphologically compatible with Μυσία. |
| 11 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with τέμενος. |
| 13 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν, specifying the deity. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστὶν | punct | high |