Grammar parses for passage 3.21.1
Open translation for this passage
προελθόντι δὲ αὐτόθεν σταδίους εἴκοσι τοῦ Εὐρώτα τὸ ῥεῦμα ἐγγυτάτω τῆς ὁδοῦ γίνεται, καὶ Λάδα μνῆμά ἐστιν ὠκύτητι ὑπερβαλομένου ποδῶν τοὺς ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ·
The opening dative participle is an absolute temporal construction; τοῦ Εὐρώτα depends on ῥεῦμα, while ὠκύτητι and ὑπερβαλομένου ποδῶν construe with the memorial clause, whose object is τοὺς ἐπ’ αὐτοῦ (sc. δρόμῳ/σταδίῳ).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 γίνεται | advcl | medium | Temporal dative absolute; understood subject is generic/locative traveler. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 γίνεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτόθεν | αὐτόθεν | ADV | D従 | _ | 1 προελθόντι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘from there/onward’. |
| 4 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 προελθόντι | obl | medium | Measure accusative with προελθόντι. |
| 5 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | N-AP | Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 4 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ῥεῦμα | det | high | |
| 7 | Εὐρώτα | Εὐρώτας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ῥεῦμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ῥεῦμα. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ῥεῦμα | det | high | |
| 9 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 γίνεται | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἐγγυτάτω | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-S | Degree=Sup | 12 ὁδοῦ | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying the proximity phrase. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ὁδοῦ | det | high | |
| 12 | ὁδοῦ | ὁδός | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γίνεται | obl | high | Genitive of proximity with ἐγγυτάτω. |
| 13 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γίνεται | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 16 | Λάδα | Λᾶδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 μνῆμά | nmod | medium | Name in appositional/genitival sense: ‘of Ladas’; transmitted form is indeclinable here. |
| 17 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | 13 γίνεται | conj | high | Coordinated existential/copular clause. |
| 19 | ὠκύτητι | ὠκύτης | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπερβαλομένου | obl | medium | Dative of respect/cause: ‘in swiftness’. |
| 20 | ὑπερβαλομένου | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 μνῆμά | acl | medium | Genitive participle, likely with an implicit referent associated with Λάδας; syntax is compressed. |
| 21 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ὑπερβαλομένου | obl | high | Genitive of measure with ὑπερβαλομένου. |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ὑπερβαλομένου | obj | medium | Article with substantivized/elliptical noun, object of ὑπερβαλομένου. |
| 23 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 24 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 24 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 22 τοὺς | nmod | medium | Reference of αὐτοῦ and exact ellipsis after ἐπ’ are uncertain. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ δὴ καὶ Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐστεφανοῦτο δολίχῳ κρατῶν,
The middle/passive ἐστεφανοῦτο is best read as an imperfect passive, ‘was crowned’; δολίχῳ is instrumental/dative of means with κρατῶν, while κρατῶν is a circumstantial participle sharing the implicit subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐστεφανοῦτο | cc | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐστεφανοῦτο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐστεφανοῦτο | cc | high | Correlative/emphatic καὶ δή καὶ. |
| 4 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστεφανοῦτο | obl | medium | Locative dative, ‘at Olympia’; place-name form is plural. |
| 5 | ἐστεφανοῦτο | στεφανόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is morphologically ambiguous with middle/passive; passive sense is preferred here. |
| 6 | δολίχῳ | δόλιχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κρατῶν | obl | medium | Instrumental dative with κρατῶν: ‘in/with the long-distance race’. |
| 7 | κρατῶν | κρατέω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστεφανοῦτο | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle; implicit subject is the subject of ἐστεφανοῦτο. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστεφανοῦτο | punct | high |
δοκεῖν δέ μοι κάμνων αὐτίκα μετὰ τὴν νίκην ἐκομίζετο, καὶ συμβάσης ἐνταῦθά οἱ τελευτῆς ὁ τάφος ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τὴν λεωφόρον.
The first clause is syntactically elliptical: δοκεῖν is an infinitive with context-dependent attachment, while the latter clause coordinates a locative statement; συμβάσης ... τελευτῆς is a compressed genitive construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐκομίζετο | xcomp | medium | Infinitive likely dependent on an omitted or contextually supplied verb of saying/thinking; exact attachment is context-sensitive. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐκομίζετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1-S-D | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 δοκεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative of the experiencer/person whose impression is reported. |
| 4 | κάμνων | κάμνω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐκομίζετο | advcl | medium | Present participle, probably circumstantial with the understood subject of ἐκομίζετο. |
| 5 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ἐκομίζετο | advmod | high | |
| 6 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 νίκην | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 νίκην | det | high | |
| 8 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκομίζετο | obl | high | Prepositional temporal phrase μετὰ τὴν νίκην. |
| 9 | ἐκομίζετο | κομίζω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite imperfect middle; subject is understood from context. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐκομίζετο | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 12 | συμβάσης | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 τελευτῆς | acl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; its genitive subject is omitted or understood, while τελευτῆς is the genitive complement of συμβάσης. |
| 13 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 συμβάσης | advmod | high | |
| 14 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-3D-D | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 τελευτῆς | iobj | low | Form is ambiguous; interpreted as dative personal pronoun ‘to him’, though an article/pronominal reading is also possible in isolation. |
| 15 | τελευτῆς | τελευτή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Genitive associated with συμβάσης, ‘when death befell him’; syntactic construal is somewhat compressed. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 τάφος | det | high | |
| 17 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐκομίζετο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause, with τάφος as subject. |
| 19 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 λεωφόρον | case | high | |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 λεωφόρον | det | high | |
| 21 | λεωφόρον | λεωφόρος | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐστίν. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ ὁμώνυμον τούτῳ, νίκην καὶ αὐτὸν Ὀλυμπίασι, πλὴν οὐ δολίχου, σταδίου δὲ ἀνελόμενον, Ἀχαιὸν ἐξ Αἰγίου φησὶν εἶναι καὶ τὰ ἐς τοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας Ἠλείων γράμματα.
The accusative phrase τὸν ... ἀνελόμενον is the subject of an implicit/elliptical εἶναι under φησίν, with τὰ ... γράμματα as coordinated accusative subject/complement material; πλὴν οὐ δολίχου contrasts the event won.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὁμώνυμον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 22 φησὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁμώνυμον | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνελόμενον | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, accusative masculine subject of εἶναι. |
| 4 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | P----DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὁμώνυμον | obl | high | Dative of comparison/reference: namesake of this man. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ὁμώνυμον | punct | high | |
| 6 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνελόμενον | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἀνελόμενον, 'winning a victory'. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 8 αὐτὸν | cc | high | |
| 8 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 17 ἀνελόμενον | advmod | medium | Intensive pronoun, 'he himself', with Ὀλυμπίασι. |
| 9 | Ὀλυμπίασι | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Ne | Case=Loc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνελόμενον | obl | high | Locative plural, at Olympia. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 Ὀλυμπίασι | punct | high | |
| 11 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 δολίχου | case | medium | Preposition governing the genitive δολίχου. |
| 12 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 13 δολίχου | advmod | high | |
| 13 | δολίχου | δόλιχος | NOUN | N-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 νίκην | nmod | medium | Genitive after πλήν; elliptical 'victory in the dolichos'. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 σταδίου | punct | high | |
| 15 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N-SNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 νίκην | nmod | medium | Genitive specifying the stadion event. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 15 σταδίου | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀνελόμενον | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-2ADP-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 φησὶν | ccomp | medium | Aorist middle participle, coordinated descriptive predicate with implicit εἶναι. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνελόμενον | punct | high | |
| 19 | Ἀχαιὸν | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | A-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate adjective with εἶναι. |
| 20 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Αἰγίου | case | high | |
| 21 | Αἰγίου | Αἴγιον | PROPN | Ne-SG | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀχαιὸν | obl | high | Origin/source with ἐξ. |
| 22 | φησὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 φησὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φησίν. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 30 γράμματα | cc | high | |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 γράμματα | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 Ὀλυμπιονίκας | case | high | |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 Ὀλυμπιονίκας | det | high | |
| 28 | Ὀλυμπιονίκας | Ὀλυμπιονίκης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 γράμματα | nmod | high | Object of ἐς within the nominal phrase. |
| 29 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 γράμματα | nmod | high | Genitive modifying γράμματα, records of the Eleans. |
| 30 | γράμματα | γράμμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 εἶναι | conj | medium | Coordinated accusative complement/subject phrase with the infinitival construction. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 φησὶν | punct | high |