Grammar parses for passage 3.21.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ θάλασσαν δὲ ἐς Γύθιον καταβαίνοντί ἐστι Λακεδαιμονίοις ἡ κώμη καλουμένη Κροκέαι καὶ λιθοτομία·
The dative participle καταβαίνοντι with ἐστι is impersonal/existential, meaning that for those descending toward the sea to Gytheion there is the village; the final λιθοτομία is coordinated and elliptical for a quarry (or quarrying place).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 2 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 2 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | obl | high | With ἐπί, directional accusative. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐστι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 5 Γύθιον | case | high | |
| 5 | Γύθιον | Γύθιον | PROPN | Neuter-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 καταβαίνοντί | obl | high | Place name; destination of καταβαίνοντι. |
| 6 | καταβαίνοντί | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστι | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Existential/copular verb; syntax is impersonal with a dative experiencer/possessor. |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστι | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possession. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κώμη | det | high | |
| 10 | κώμη | κώμη | NOUN | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Notional subject of existential ἐστι. |
| 11 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V-PMP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 κώμη | acl | high | Predicative/attributive participle modifying κώμη. |
| 12 | Κροκέαι | Κροκέαι | PROPN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κώμη | appos | high | Place name in apposition to κώμη; form is plural feminine. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 λιθοτομία | cc | high | |
| 14 | λιθοτομία | λιθοτομία | NOUN | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κώμη | conj | medium | Coordinated with κώμη, with ellipsis/semantic extension; possibly ‘quarry’ as a place or activity. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high |
μία μὲν πέτρα συνεχὴς οὐ διήκουσα, λίθοι δὲ ὀρύσσονται σχῆμα τοῖς ποταμίοις ἐοικότες, ἄλλως μὲν δυσεργεῖς, ἢν δὲ ἐπεργασθῶσιν, ἐπικοσμήσαιεν ἂν καὶ θεῶν ἱερά, κολυμβήθραις δὲ καὶ ὕδασι συντελοῦσι μάλιστα ἐς κάλλος.
The sentence contrasts one continuous rock and quarried stones; ἐπικοσμήσαιεν is potential optative with ἄν, while συντελοῦσι has coordinated dative complements and a somewhat compressed subject reference to the stones.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μία | εἷς | NUM | 形容詞-数詞-主格-女性-単数 | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 3 πέτρα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 πέτρα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | πέτρα | πέτρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὀρύσσονται | nsubj | high | Subject of the first coordinated predicate. |
| 4 | συνεχὴς | συνεχής | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πέτρα | amod | high | |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 6 διήκουσα | advmod | high | |
| 6 | διήκουσα | διήκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 πέτρα | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying πέτρα. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 πέτρα | punct | high | |
| 8 | λίθοι | λίθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὀρύσσονται | nsubj | high | Subject of ὀρύσσονται. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ὀρύσσονται | cc | high | Contrasts with μὲν. |
| 10 | ὀρύσσονται | ὀρύσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; πέτρα is understood as a coordinated singular subject in the first clause. |
| 11 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐοικότες | obj | medium | Accusative object/complement associated with ἐοικότες; construction is compressed. |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ποταμίοις | det | high | |
| 13 | ποταμίοις | ποτάμιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐοικότες | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: river stones. |
| 14 | ἐοικότες | ἔοικα | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 λίθοι | acl | high | Perfect participle, functioning adjectivally with λίθοι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐοικότες | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | _ | _ | 18 δυσεργεῖς | advmod | high | |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 18 δυσεργεῖς | discourse | high | Sets up the ἢν ... δέ contrast. |
| 18 | δυσεργεῖς | δυσεργής | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 λίθοι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with understood λίθοι. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 δυσεργεῖς | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἐπεργασθῶσιν | mark | high | Introduces a conditional protasis. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἐπεργασθῶσιν | cc | medium | Adversative/correlative particle in the conditional contrast. |
| 22 | ἐπεργασθῶσιν | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 24 ἐπικοσμήσαιεν | advcl | high | Protasis; subject is λίθοι. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπικοσμήσαιεν | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἐπικοσμήσαιεν | ἐπικοσμέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ὀρύσσονται | conj | high | Potential optative with ἄν; subject is λίθοι. |
| 25 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἐπικοσμήσαιεν | aux | high | Potential particle. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ἱερά | cc | high | |
| 27 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἱερά | nmod | high | |
| 28 | ἱερά | ἱερόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπικοσμήσαιεν | obj | high | Temples/sanctuaries as object of ἐπικοσμήσαιεν. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπικοσμήσαιεν | punct | high | |
| 30 | κολυμβήθραις | κολυμβήθρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 34 συντελοῦσι | obl | high | Dative complement of συντελοῦσι. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 συντελοῦσι | cc | high | Coordinates the final clause. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 33 ὕδασι | cc | high | Coordinates the dative complements. |
| 33 | ὕδασι | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 συντελοῦσι | obl | high | Second dative complement of συντελοῦσι. |
| 34 | συντελοῦσι | συντελέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ὀρύσσονται | conj | high | Final coordinated predicate; subject is understood λίθοι. |
| 35 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | Degree=Sup | 34 συντελοῦσι | advmod | high | |
| 36 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 37 κάλλος | case | high | |
| 37 | κάλλος | κάλλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 συντελοῦσι | obl | high | Goal/result phrase: toward beauty. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὀρύσσονται | punct | high |
θεῶν δὲ αὐτόθι πρὸ μὲν τῆς κώμης Διὸς Κροκεάτα λίθου πεποιημένον ἄγαλμα ἕστηκε, Διόσκουροι δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ λιθοτομίᾳ χαλκοῖ.
The second clause is verbless, with χαλκοῖ as a predicate adjective; its implicit copula is coordinated with ἕστηκε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | NOUN_GEN_PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἕστηκε | nmod | high | Partitive/genitival phrase: 'among the gods'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἕστηκε | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | ADV_LOC | _ | 13 ἕστηκε | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 4 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP_GEN | _ | 7 κώμης | case | high | Takes the genitive τῆς κώμης. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 13 ἕστηκε | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κώμης | det | high | |
| 7 | κώμης | κώμη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἕστηκε | obl | high | Object of πρό; locative adjunct to ἕστηκε. |
| 8 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Κροκεάτα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Κροκεάτα: 'of Zeus Kroketas'. |
| 9 | Κροκεάτα | Κροκεάτης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 λίθου | nmod | medium | Epithet in the genitival name phrase; form is indeclinable or irregularly realized. |
| 10 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεποιημένον | obl | medium | Material genitive with πεποιημένον, 'made of stone'. |
| 11 | πεποιημένον | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 12 ἄγαλμα | acl | high | Perfect passive participle modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 12 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἕστηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἕστηκε. |
| 13 | ἕστηκε | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with present state meaning, 'stands/is erected'. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἕστηκε | punct | high | |
| 15 | Διόσκουροι | Διόσκουρος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 χαλκοῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of the verbless second clause. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 χαλκοῖ | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP_DAT | _ | 19 λιθοτομίᾳ | case | high | Takes the dative τῇ λιθοτομίᾳ. |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 λιθοτομίᾳ | det | high | |
| 19 | λιθοτομίᾳ | λιθοτομία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 χαλκοῖ | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 20 | χαλκοῖ | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | conj | medium | Predicate adjective in a verbless coordinated clause: 'the Dioscuri are bronze'. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 χαλκοῖ | punct | high |