Grammar parses for passage 3.21.9
Open translation for this passage
καί σφισι τοῦ ὀνόματος τούτου παρέσχεν ἀρχὴν Ὅμηρος ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐν Θέτιδος λόγοις·
The dative σφισι is an ethical/benefactive dative with παρέσχεν; τοῦ ὀνόματος τούτου is a genitive phrase dependent on ἀρχήν, while ἐν Ἰλιάδι and ἐν Θέτιδος λόγοις are locative/source frames. Θέτιδος is a genitive dependent on λόγοις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 παρέσχεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3pd | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 παρέσχεν | iobj | medium | Dative plural third-person pronoun; possibly ethical/benefactive rather than a strict indirect object. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὀνόματος | det | high | |
| 4 | ὀνόματος | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | P--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ὀνόματος | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ὀνόματος. |
| 6 | παρέσχεν | παρέχω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παρέσχεν | obj | medium | Accusative object; construed as 'provided a beginning/origin' for the name. |
| 8 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρέσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | |
| 10 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παρέσχεν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 λόγοις | case | high | |
| 12 | Θέτιδος | Θέτις | PROPN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 λόγοις | nmod | high | |
| 13 | λόγοις | λόγος | NOUN | N-----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παρέσχεν | obl | medium | Dative governed by the second ἐν; Θέτιδος is a genitive dependent. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρέσχεν | punct | high |
ὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον, ὀψόμεναί τε γέρονθʼ ἅλιον καὶ δώματα πατρός. Hom. Il. 18.140-141
Second-person plural imperative δῦτε governs the accusative object κόλπον with genitive θαλάσσης; ὀψόμεναί is a future middle participle, nominative feminine plural, coordinated by τε and sharing ὑμεῖς as understood subject. The citation tail is preserved as tokenized, though its individual letters and numerals are not syntactically integrated.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑμεῖς | σύ | PRON | P-S---NP- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 4 δῦτε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 δῦτε | discourse | high | Correlative particle; no following δέ in this quotation. |
| 3 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 δῦτε | advmod | high | |
| 4 | δῦτε | δύω | VERB | V-2AAM-2P- | Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Epic aorist imperative; interpreted as ‘enter/dive into’. |
| 5 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κόλπον | nmod | high | |
| 6 | εὐρέα | εὐρύς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κόλπον | amod | medium | Epic form; masculine accusative singular agreeing with κόλπον, despite its identical neuter form. |
| 7 | κόλπον | κόλπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 δῦτε | obj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δῦτε | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὀψόμεναί | ὁράω | VERB | V-FPM-1P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 δῦτε | conj | medium | Future middle participle, nominative feminine plural; exact accentuation/form is epic and may reflect a participial construction with understood ὑμεῖς. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 ὀψόμεναί | cc | high | |
| 11 | γέρονθʼ | γέρων | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὀψόμεναί | obj | medium | Elided final sigma before a following consonant; object of ὄψομαι/ὀψόμεναι in the coordinated predication. |
| 12 | ἅλιον | ἅλιος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 γέρονθʼ | amod | high | Substantivized/epithetic adjective, ‘of the sea/sun’; agrees with γέρονθʼ. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 ὀψόμεναί | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 14 | δώματα | δῶμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὀψόμεναί | obj | high | |
| 15 | πατρός | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 δώματα | nmod | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δῦτε | punct | high | |
| 17 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Citation marker letter, not part of the Greek syntax. |
| 18 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 17 H | dep | low | Citation marker letter, not part of the Greek syntax. |
| 19 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 18 o | dep | low | Citation marker letter, not part of the Greek syntax. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 H | punct | high | Citation punctuation. |
| 21 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 17 H | dep | low | Citation marker letter, not part of the Greek syntax. |
| 22 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 21 I | dep | low | Citation marker letter, not part of the Greek syntax. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 I | punct | high | Citation punctuation. |
| 24 | 18.140 | 18.140 | SYM | _ | _ | 17 H | parataxis | low | Bibliographic reference. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 18.140 | punct | high | Citation range punctuation. |
| 26 | 141 | 141 | SYM | _ | _ | 24 18.140 | dep | low | Bibliographic reference endpoint. |
καλοῦνται δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ πύλαι Καστορίδες, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἀθηνᾶς πεποίηται.
The first clause is a passive naming construction: πύλαι Καστορίδες is the nominative subject of καλοῦνται. In the second clause, ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα are coordinated subjects with πεποίηται, a perfect middle/passive form meaning that a temple and statue have been made or established; Ἀθηνᾶς is a genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα and possibly coordinated semantically with ναός as an attributive deity genitive. The number of πεποίηται is singular, likely reflecting nearest-subject agreement or a collective coordination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καλοῦνται | καλέω | VERB | V-3PI-PASS | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive naming verb; governs nominative subject πύλαι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 καλοῦνται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 1 καλοῦνται | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 πύλαι | cc | high | Coordinates πύλαι with the preceding discourse structure. |
| 5 | πύλαι | πύλη | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 καλοῦνται | nsubj:pass | high | Nominative plural subject of καλοῦνται. |
| 6 | Καστορίδες | Καστορίδης | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 πύλαι | amod | medium | Feminine plural epithet/adjective agreeing with πύλαι; may be treated as a lexicalized proper-name adjective. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 καλοῦνται | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 πεποίηται | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἀκροπόλει | case | high | Introduces locative phrase. |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀκροπόλει | det | high | Article agreeing with ἀκροπόλει. |
| 11 | ἀκροπόλει | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πεποίηται | obl | high | Locative dative complement of ἐν; modifies πεποίηται. |
| 12 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | First coordinated nominative subject. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Coordinates ναός and ἄγαλμα. |
| 14 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ναὸς | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject. |
| 15 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Religious|Number=Sing | 14 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα, identifying the goddess represented. |
| 16 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-3MSI-PASS | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 1 καλοῦνται | conj | medium | Perfect middle/passive; singular despite coordinated subjects, likely nearest-subject or collective agreement. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 16 πεποίηται | punct | high |