Grammar parses for passage 3.22.1
Open translation for this passage
Γυθίου δὲ τρεῖς μάλιστα ἀπέχει σταδίους ἀργὸς λίθος·
The phrase τρεῖς μάλιστα ἀπέχει σταδίους is a distance expression: ‘is about three stades away.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γυθίου | Γύθειον | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 σταδίους | nmod | high | Genitive place name depending on the measure/verb phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 σταδίους | nummod | high | Accusative measure phrase with σταδίους. |
| 4 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέχει | advmod | high | Modifies the verb with approximation/intensification. |
| 5 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 6 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπέχει | obj | high | Accusative of extent/distance. |
| 7 | ἀργὸς | ἀργός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 λίθος | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying λίθος. |
| 8 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέχει. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέχει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Ὀρέστην λέγουσι καθεσθέντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ παύσασθαι τῆς μανίας· διὰ τοῦτο ὁ λίθος ὠνομάσθη Ζεὺς Καππώτας κατὰ γλῶσσαν τὴν Δωρίδα.
The syntax is challenging because λέγουσι introduces indirect discourse with a participial phrase plus infinitive, and the naming construction after ὠνομάσθη is somewhat idiomatic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀρέστην | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 λέγουσι | obj | high | Direct object of λέγουσι. |
| 2 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ὠνομάσθη | csubj | high | Complementary participial/infinitival content clause dependent on ὠνομάσθη. |
| 3 | καθεσθέντα | καθέζομαι | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Ὀρέστην | acl | high | Participial modifier of Ὀρέστην. |
| 4 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 5 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτοῦ. |
| 5 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | S-3MSG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 καθεσθέντα | obl | medium | Likely dependent on καθεσθέντα with ἐπί, sense 'on him/it'. |
| 6 | παύσασθαι | παύω | VERB | V-ARN-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 2 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγουσι. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 μανίας | det | high | Article with μανίας. |
| 8 | μανίας | μανία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παύσασθαι | obj | high | Genitive object/complement of παύσασθαι. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ὠνομάσθη | punct | high | Sentence-level punctuation. |
| 10 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 11 τοῦτο | case | high | Preposition with τοῦτο. |
| 11 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-NS---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 ὠνομάσθη | obl | high | Adverbial causal phrase 'for this reason'. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 λίθος | det | high | Article with λίθος. |
| 13 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὠνομάσθη | nsubj | high | Subject of ὠνομάσθη. |
| 14 | ὠνομάσθη | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-API-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 15 | Ζεὺς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὠνομάσθη | xcomp | medium | Predicative naming complement with ὠνομάσθη. |
| 16 | Καππώτας | Καππώτης | PROPN | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ζεὺς | flat | medium | Appositional/name-like second element of the name. |
| 17 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 18 γλῶσσαν | case | high | Preposition governing γλῶσσαν. |
| 18 | γλῶσσαν | γλῶσσα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὠνομάσθη | obl | high | Adverbial phrase 'in the Doric tongue'. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Δωρίδα | det | high | Article with Δωρίδα. |
| 20 | Δωρίδα | Δωρίς | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 γλῶσσαν | amod | high | Adjectival ethnicon modifying γλῶσσαν. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ὠνομάσθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἡ δὲ νῆσος ἡ Κρανάη πρόκειται Γυθίου, καὶ Ὅμηρος Ἀλέξανδρον ἁρπάσαντα Ἑλένην ἐνταῦθα ἔφη συγγενέσθαι οἱ πρῶτον.
The second clause is reported speech with an infinitival complement; οἱ is syntactically and semantically difficult and is treated as a dative dependent of συγγενέσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 νῆσος | det | high | Article modifying νῆσος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 6 πρόκειται | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πρόκειται | nsubj | high | Subject of πρόκειται. |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Κρανάη | det | high | Article introducing the proper name. |
| 5 | Κρανάη | Κρανάη | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νῆσος | appos | high | Appositive name of the island. |
| 6 | πρόκειται | πρόκειμαι | VERB | v-ppim3s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | Γυθίου | Γύθιον | PROPN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πρόκειται | obl | high | Genitive complement with πρόκειται. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πρόκειται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 ἔφη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 10 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔφη | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφη. |
| 11 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔφη | obj | high | Object of ἁρπάσαντα. |
| 12 | ἁρπάσαντα | ἁρπάζω | VERB | v-aap-sm- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 Ἀλέξανδρον | acl | high | Participial modifier of Ἀλέξανδρον. |
| 13 | Ἑλένην | Ἑλένη | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 συγγενέσθαι | obj | high | Object of συγγενέσθαι. |
| 14 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 16 συγγενέσθαι | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying συγγενέσθαι. |
| 15 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | v-iaia3s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 πρόκειται | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb with πρόκειται. |
| 16 | συγγενέσθαι | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | v-ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 15 ἔφη | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἔφη. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 συγγενέσθαι | obl | low | Likely dative of association/advantage with the infinitive; form may be article/pronoun. |
| 18 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | d-------- | _ | 16 συγγενέσθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial use: 'first'. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πρόκειται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
κατὰ δὲ τὴν νῆσον ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Μιγωνίτιδος, καὶ ὁ τόπος οὗτος ἅπας καλεῖται Μιγώνιον.
Two coordinated clauses, each with a copular/passive naming structure; the main ambiguity is whether ἱερόν and Μιγώνιον are analyzed as predicative complements or nominal predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 4 νῆσον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 νῆσον | det | high | Article modifying νῆσον. |
| 4 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of κατὰ in a locative/distributive phrase. |
| 5 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἐστιν; form could also be treated as substantive, but context favors predicate. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root of first clause. |
| 7 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἱερόν. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ἠπείρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἠπείρῳ | det | high | Article modifying ἠπείρῳ. |
| 10 | ἠπείρῳ | ἤπειρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Oblique locative phrase with ἐν. |
| 11 | Μιγωνίτιδος | Μιγωνῖτις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἠπείρῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of ἠπείρῳ; likely a place-name/adjectival toponym. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 καλεῖται | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction for second clause. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 τόπος | det | high | Article modifying τόπος. |
| 15 | τόπος | τόπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 καλεῖται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive καλεῖται. |
| 16 | οὗτος | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 τόπος | det | high | Demonstrative modifying τόπος. |
| 17 | ἅπας | ἅπας | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τόπος | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τόπος. |
| 18 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of second coordinated clause. |
| 19 | Μιγώνιον | Μιγώνιον | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 καλεῖται | xcomp | medium | Predicative name with passive 'is called'; could be analyzed as object-like complement. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 καλεῖται | punct | high | Punctuation. |