Grammar parses for passage 3.22.1
Open translation for this passage
Γυθίου δὲ τρεῖς μάλιστα ἀπέχει σταδίους ἀργὸς λίθος·
The clause means that an unworked stone lies approximately three stadia from Gythium; τρεῖς agrees semantically with the masculine noun στάδιοι, while the overt noun σταδίους is accusative of extent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γυθίου | Γύθιον | PROPN | N--GSG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Genitive of separation/distance with ἀπέχει. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἀπέχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | A--NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 σταδίους | nummod | medium | Numeral modifying σταδίους; form is masculine nominative/accusative plural, with accusative understood in the distance expression. |
| 4 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 5 ἀπέχει | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, approximately 'about/most nearly'. |
| 5 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate, 'is distant/stands off'. |
| 6 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Accusative of extent/distance. |
| 7 | ἀργὸς | ἀργός | ADJ | A--NMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 λίθος | amod | high | Adjective modifying λίθος. |
| 8 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | N--NMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέχει: 'an unworked stone'. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέχει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Ὀρέστην λέγουσι καθεσθέντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ παύσασθαι τῆς μανίας· διὰ τοῦτο ὁ λίθος ὠνομάσθη Ζεὺς Καππώτας κατὰ γλῶσσαν τὴν Δωρίδα.
The first clause has λέγουσι with accusative Orestes as object and παύσασθαι as infinitival complement; the second clause is coordinated/paratactic, with the passive naming predicate Ζεὺς Καππώτας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀρέστην | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | Ne-S---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 λέγουσι | obj | high | |
| 2 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | καθεσθέντα | καθίζω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 παύσασθαι | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, temporal/circumstantial; form may reflect καθέζομαι/καθίζω. |
| 4 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 5 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 5 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 3 καθεσθέντα | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἐπί. |
| 6 | παύσασθαι | παύω | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 2 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 μανίας | det | high | |
| 8 | μανίας | μανία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παύσασθαι | obl | high | Genitive complement of παύσασθαι. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 λέγουσι | punct | high | |
| 10 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R- | _ | 11 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 11 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 ὠνομάσθη | obl | high | Accusative of cause with διά. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 λίθος | det | high | |
| 13 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὠνομάσθη | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ὠνομάσθη | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 2 λέγουσι | parataxis | high | |
| 15 | Ζεὺς | Ζεύς | PROPN | Ne-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὠνομάσθη | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/name complement in passive naming construction. |
| 16 | Καππώτας | Καππώτας | PROPN | Ne-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ζεὺς | flat | medium | Divine epithet/name; spelling and inflection are lexicalized. |
| 17 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R- | _ | 18 γλῶσσαν | case | high | |
| 18 | γλῶσσαν | γλῶσσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὠνομάσθη | obl | high | Accusative with κατά, ‘according to the dialect/language’. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 γλῶσσαν | det | high | |
| 20 | Δωρίδα | Δωρίς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 γλῶσσαν | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive adjective, ‘Doric’. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ὠνομάσθη | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ νῆσος ἡ Κρανάη πρόκειται Γυθίου, καὶ Ὅμηρος Ἀλέξανδρον ἁρπάσαντα Ἑλένην ἐνταῦθα ἔφη συγγενέσθαι οἱ πρῶτον.
Two coordinated clauses: νῆσος πρόκειται Γυθίου; Ὅμηρος is the subject of ἔφη, with an accusative-and-infinitive construction (Ἀλέξανδρον ... ἁρπάσαντα Ἑλένην ... συγγενέσθαι). The dative οἱ is Homeric/poetic third-person singular and is analyzed as the indirect object of συγγενέσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νῆσος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 πρόκειται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πρόκειται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Κρανάη | det | high | |
| 5 | Κρανάη | Κρανάη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νῆσος | appos | high | Name in apposition to νῆσος. |
| 6 | πρόκειται | πρόκειμαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Γυθίου | Γύθιον | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πρόκειται | obl | medium | Genitive of location/adjacency, ‘off Gythium’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πρόκειται | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἔφη | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔφη | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἁρπάσαντα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive συγγενέσθαι; also controls the participle ἁρπάσαντα. |
| 12 | ἁρπάσαντα | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 συγγενέσθαι | advcl | medium | Accusative aorist participle agreeing with Ἀλέξανδρον; circumstantial/prior action. |
| 13 | Ἑλένην | Ἑλένη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἁρπάσαντα | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 συγγενέσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | medium | Second coordinated finite predicate; some analyses attach it as the main root instead. |
| 16 | συγγενέσθαι | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 ἔφη | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔφη. |
| 17 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 16 συγγενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Poetic/epic dative pronoun, likely ‘with him’; form may be homographic with the article. |
| 18 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 συγγενέσθαι | advmod | high | Adverbial neuter accusative, ‘first’. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔφη | punct | high |
κατὰ δὲ τὴν νῆσον ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Μιγωνίτιδος, καὶ ὁ τόπος οὗτος ἅπας καλεῖται Μιγώνιον.
Two coordinated clauses: κατὰ τὴν νῆσον is an accusative spatial phrase; ἱερόν is the predicate of ἐστιν with genitive Ἀφροδίτης, while Μιγωνίτιδος is a predicative/attributive name for the sanctuary on the mainland. In the second clause, οὗτος ἅπας modifies τόπος and Μιγώνιον is the predicate nominative of καλεῖται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 νῆσον | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἱερόν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 4 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | obl | high | Spatial accusative with κατά. |
| 5 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, 'sanctuary'. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Possessive/dedicatory genitive. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 10 ἠπείρῳ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἠπείρῳ | det | high | |
| 10 | ἠπείρῳ | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | obl | high | Location: 'on the mainland'. |
| 11 | Μιγωνίτιδος | Μιγωνῖτις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἠπείρῳ | nmod | medium | Place-name/adjectival name; syntactically likely dependent on ἠπείρῳ or a compressed designation of the sanctuary. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 καλεῖται | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 τόπος | det | high | |
| 15 | τόπος | τόπος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 καλεῖται | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | οὗτος | οὗτος | DET | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 τόπος | det | high | Demonstrative modifier. |
| 17 | ἅπας | ἅπας | DET | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot | 15 τόπος | det | high | Adjectival totality modifier. |
| 18 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐστιν | conj | high | Middle/passive form with naming sense. |
| 19 | Μιγώνιον | Μιγώνιον | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 καλεῖται | xcomp | medium | Predicate name; neuter form agrees with understood τόπον/τοπικό designation rather than masculine τόπος. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |