Grammar parses for passage 3.22.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ Γυθίου στάδια προελθόντι ὡς τριάκοντα ἔστιν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Τρινασοῦ καλουμένης τείχη, φρουρίου ποτὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν καὶ οὐ πόλεως.
The construction has an omitted/impersonal ἔστιν with τείχη as subject; προελθόντι is a dative of accompanying circumstance with the understood traveler, and καλουμένης agrees with the genitive place-name Τρινασοῦ in an elliptical naming construction. The final phrase apposes or predicates the fortification as a former φρούριον rather than a πόλις; δοκεῖν is an infinitive of opinion with ἐμοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 2 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 προελθόντι | obl | high | Substantivized directional expression, ‘on the left’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 9 ἔστιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | Γυθίου | Γύθιον | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προελθόντι | obl | medium | Genitive of point of departure or reference; place-name morphology is uncertain. |
| 5 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 προελθόντι | obl | high | Accusative measure of distance. |
| 6 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Dative singular participle, likely agreeing with an understood traveler; syntactically circumstantial. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 τριάκοντα | advmod | high | Approximation marker before the numeral. |
| 8 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 5 στάδια | nummod | high | |
| 9 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentative verb with τείχη as postposed subject. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 12 ἠπείρῳ | case | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-S---DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἠπείρῳ | det | high | |
| 12 | ἠπείρῳ | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-S---DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔστιν | obl | high | |
| 13 | Τρινασοῦ | Τρινασός | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 καλουμένης | obl | medium | Place-name in the genitive; construction with καλουμένης is elliptical or textually difficult. |
| 14 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 τείχη | acl | medium | Genitive passive participle, ‘called’; its relation to Τρινασοῦ and τείχη is elliptical. |
| 15 | τείχη | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-P---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φρουρίου | punct | high | |
| 17 | φρουρίου | φρούριον | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 τείχη | appos | medium | Genitive apposition/identification, with an implicit construction ‘[being] a fort’. |
| 18 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 φρουρίου | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘formerly’. |
| 19 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1-S---D- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 20 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | |
| 20 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 φρουρίου | acl | medium | Infinitive expressing the author’s judgment; construction is parenthetical/elliptical. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 πόλεως | cc | high | |
| 22 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 23 πόλεως | advmod | high | |
| 23 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 φρουρίου | conj | medium | Genitive coordinated with φρουρίου under the elliptical identification ‘of a fort, not of a city’. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔστιν | punct | high |
γενέσθαι δέ οἱ δοκῶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῶν νησίδων, αἳ ταύτῃ πρόκεινται τῆς ἠπείρου τρεῖς ἀριθμόν.
Infinitival clause γενέσθαι ... δοκῶ is analyzed with δοκῶ as the matrix root and an accusative subject/object nominal τὸ ὄνομα; οἱ is a dative experiencer. The relative clause modifies νησίδων; τρεῖς ἀριθμόν is an accusative measure/number expression, though its attachment is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMN | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Middle | 4 δοκῶ | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, complement of δοκῶ. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 4 δοκῶ | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-S---D3S- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 δοκῶ | iobj | medium | Dative personal pronoun, experiencer of δοκῶ; form is homographic with article. |
| 4 | δοκῶ | δοκέω | VERB | V-PIA-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix finite verb. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with neuter singular ὄνομα. |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-S--NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive; article is morphologically nominative/accusative neuter. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R- | _ | 9 νησίδων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF-P- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 νησίδων | det | high | Genitive plural article. |
| 9 | νησίδων | νησίς | NOUN | N-GF--P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό, dependent on ὄνομα. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 νησίδων | punct | high | |
| 11 | αἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-R---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 13 πρόκεινται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent νησίδων. |
| 12 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 13 πρόκεινται | advmod | medium | Dative-form demonstrative used adverbially, ‘here/in this direction’. |
| 13 | πρόκεινται | πρόκειμαι | VERB | V-PNI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Middle | 9 νησίδων | acl:relcl | high | Present middle/deponent relative-clause predicate. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἠπείρου | det | high | Genitive singular article. |
| 15 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-GF--S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 πρόκεινται | obl | high | Genitive complement with πρόκεινται, ‘in front of/off the mainland’. |
| 16 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 17 ἀριθμόν | nummod | high | Accusative feminine cardinal modifying ἀριθμόν. |
| 17 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πρόκεινται | obl | medium | Accusative measure-of-number expression, ‘three in number’; attachment to πρόκεινται is elliptical. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δοκῶ | punct | high |
προελθόντι δὲ ἀπὸ Τρινασοῦ στάδια ὡς ὀγδοήκοντα τοῦ Ἕλους τὰ ἐρείπια ὑπόλοιπα ἦν, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τριάκοντα
The sentence has an impersonal/elliptical distance construction: προελθόντι agrees with an implicit traveler, while στάδια ὡς ὀγδοήκοντα is an accusative measure phrase; τὰ ἐρείπια ὑπόλοιπα ἦν means that the ruins of Helos remained. The final τριάκοντα is an elliptical measure phrase after μετὰ ταῦτα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAP-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 13 ἦν | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, with an implicit traveler/person. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 προελθόντι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Τρινασοῦ | case | high | |
| 4 | Τρινασοῦ | Τρίνασος | PROPN | Ne---GS-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 προελθόντι | obl | medium | Place name; genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 5 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | Ne---AP-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 προελθόντι | obl | high | Accusative of measure/distance. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ὀγδοήκοντα | advmod | high | Approximation marker, modifying ὀγδοήκοντα. |
| 7 | ὀγδοήκοντα | ὀγδοήκοντα | NUM | Ma--AP--- | Case=Accusative|Number=Plural | 5 στάδια | nummod | medium | Numeral agreeing with στάδια; indeclinable in form. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GSN-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 9 Ἕλους | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἕλους | Ἕλος | PROPN | Ne---GS-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τὰ ἐρείπια. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---NAP-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 11 ἐρείπια | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | Ne---NAP-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 13 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Syntactic subject of the copular/elliptical clause; accusative form may reflect distance-construction attraction or textual usage. |
| 12 | ὑπόλοιπα | ὑπόλοιπος | ADJ | A---NAP-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 11 ἐρείπια | amod | medium | Predicative adjective, formally accusative matching ἐρείπια. |
| 13 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V--IAI3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular copula with neuter plural subject, a regular Greek usage. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinates the following elliptical distance statement. |
| 16 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ταῦτα | case | high | With accusative ταῦτα, meaning after these. |
| 17 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd---APN-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Demonstrative | 18 τριάκοντα | obl | high | Object of μετὰ. |
| 18 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | Ma--AP--- | Case=Accusative|Number=Plural | 13 ἦν | conj | low | Elliptical accusative measure phrase, probably τριάκοντα στάδια; exact attachment is uncertain. |