Grammar parses for passage 3.22.9
Open translation for this passage
τάδε μὲν ἀπὸ Ἀκριῶν ἄνω πρὸς ἤπειρον·
Elliptical nominal statement: τάδε is the predicate/root, with two directional adjuncts, ἀπὸ Ἀκριῶν and πρὸς ἤπειρον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 0 ROOT | root | high | Neuter plural demonstrative, substantivized; elliptical predication. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | RP | _ | 1 τάδε | discourse | high | Correlative/postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 4 Ἀκριῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 4 | Ἀκριῶν | Ἄκριαι | PROPN | Nb | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 1 τάδε | obl | medium | Place-name in the genitive governed by ἀπό; lemma normalized to nominative plural. |
| 5 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἤπειρον | advmod | high | Directional adverb, 'up/inland'. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἤπειρον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 7 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | Nb | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 τάδε | obl | high | Directional accusative after πρός; 'toward the mainland/inland'. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 τάδε | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ, πόλις Ἀσωπὸς Ἀκριῶν ἀπέχει σταδίους ἑξήκοντα.
The initial τὰ ... πρὸς θαλάσσῃ is a substantivized coastal-direction phrase, contrasted by δέ; πόλις Ἀσωπὸς Ἀκριῶν is the measured-distance subject of ἀπέχει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 πόλις | det | high | Neuter plural article substantivizing the understood τὰ ... προς θαλάσσῃ phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 πόλις | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | Preposition governing θαλάσσῃ. |
| 4 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-SF-D-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλις | nmod | high | Dative after πρός; the phrase means the seaward/coastal side. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 πόλις | punct | high | |
| 6 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-SF-N-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέχει | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἀπέχει; appositional naming relation with Ἀσωπός is possible. |
| 7 | Ἀσωπὸς | Ἀσωπός | PROPN | Ne-S---N-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πόλις | appos | medium | Place-name in apposition to πόλις; form may be treated as indeclinable or masculine nominative. |
| 8 | Ἀκριῶν | Ἀκριώ | PROPN | Ne-S---G-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀσωπὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive ethnic/place designation dependent on Ἀσωπός; gender is uncertain for the proper name. |
| 9 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Distance verb, ‘is distant’; subject is πόλις. |
| 10 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-AMP-A-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Accusative of extent or measure. |
| 11 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 10 σταδίους | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίους. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 9 ἀπέχει | punct | high |
ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ ναός τε Ῥωμαίων βασιλέων καὶ ἀνωτέρω τῆς πόλεως ὅσον τε σταδίους δώδεκα καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ·
Elliptical locative/existential coordination: ναός and ἱερόν are coordinated subjects of ἐστιν; ἀνωτέρω introduces a second locative phrase, while ὅσον ... δώδεκα specifies distance (with στάδιοι understood/represented by σταδίους).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 αὐτῇ | case | high | |
| 2 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P3F-SDL | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἐστιν | obl | high | Refers to the previously mentioned place/city. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ναός | cc | high | Correlative τε with token 13. |
| 6 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βασιλέων | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive: Roman. |
| 7 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ναός | nmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἱερόν | cc | high | Coordinates the two establishments. |
| 9 | ἀνωτέρω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 17 ἱερόν | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb, functioning in a locative phrase with τῆς πόλεως. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 11 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνωτέρω | obl | medium | Genitive complement of comparative ἀνωτέρω. |
| 12 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | A--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 σταδίους | det | medium | Quantifying accusative; agreement/form is syntactically elliptical. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἱερόν | cc | high | Pairs with token 5 in τε ... τε. |
| 14 | σταδίους | στάδιος | NOUN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνωτέρω | obl | medium | Distance accusative after ἀνωτέρω; expected/possible idiomatic form is elliptical in the transmitted wording. |
| 15 | δώδεκα | δώδεκα | NUM | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 14 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἱερόν | cc | high | Coordinates ἱερόν with ναός. |
| 17 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective/noun, coordinated with ναός. |
| 18 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστιν | punct | high |
Φιλόλαον τὸν θεὸν ὀνομάζουσι.
ὀνομάζουσι is an active present 3rd-plural verb with an accusative double-object construction: Φιλόλαον θεόν, with τὸν modifying θεόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φιλόλαον | Φιλόλαος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | Predicate/object naming complement; accusative masculine singular. |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 θεὸν | det | high | |
| 3 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | Accusative object of ὀνομάζουσι; τὸν agrees with it. |
| 4 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὀνομάζουσι | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ τὰ τιμώμενα μεγέθει μὲν ὑπερβάλλοντα, ἀνθρώπου δὲ ὅμως ἐστί.
The neuter plural subject τὰ ὀστᾶ is resumed by ἐστί with a singular neuter predicate construction; τὰ τιμώμενα and μεγέθει ... ὑπερβάλλοντα describe the bones, while ἀνθρώπου is a genitive of comparison/reference. The exact attachment of the first τὰ and the participles is syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ὀστᾶ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐστί | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστέον | NOUN | N--NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἐστί | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 γυμνασίῳ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T--DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 γυμνασίῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | γυμνασίῳ | γυμνάσιον | NOUN | N--DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 τιμώμενα | obl | high | Locative adjunct to the participial description. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 τιμώμενα | det | high | Article with substantivally/adjectivally used participle. |
| 8 | τιμώμενα | τιμάω | VERB | V3PPPNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 ὀστᾶ | acl | high | Participial modifier of τὰ ὀστᾶ; possibly substantivized by the article. |
| 9 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N--DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπερβάλλοντα | obl | medium | Dative of respect or measure with ὑπερβάλλοντα. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 ὑπερβάλλοντα | advmod | high | Correlative particle, balanced by δὲ at token 14. |
| 11 | ὑπερβάλλοντα | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V3PPANP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ὀστᾶ | acl | high | Predicative/attributive participle agreeing with τὰ ὀστᾶ. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστί | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπερβάλλοντα | obl | high | Genitive of comparison/reference: exceeding a human's [size]. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐστί | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative connective. |
| 15 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἐστί | advmod | high | Adverb meaning nevertheless/however. |
| 16 | ἐστί | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Singular verb with neuter plural subject; predication is compressed/elliptical. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστί | punct | high |
καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν ἐστιν ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει Κυπαρισσίας ἐπίκλησιν.
The sentence means that there is also a sanctuary of Athena in the acropolis, with the designation Κυπαρισσία; the construction and attachment of ἐπίκλησιν are somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 3 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | NOUN | N--NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, subject of ἐστιν. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἀκροπόλει | case | high | |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀκροπόλει | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀκροπόλει | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | obl | high | Prepositional locative complement. |
| 8 | Κυπαρισσίας | Κυπαρισσία | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | medium | Likely genitive of the place-name qualifying ἐπίκλησιν. |
| 9 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N--AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερόν | advmod | medium | Accusative of denomination/epithet, ‘called Κυπαρισσία’; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τῆς δὲ ἀκροπόλεως πρὸς τοῖς ποσὶ πόλεως ἐρείπια καλουμένης Ἀχαιῶν τῶν Παρακυπαρισσίων.
Elliptical genitive construction: ἐρείπια is the accusative subject of an implied/copular description, with πόλεως and καλουμένης forming a genitive absolute-like descriptive phrase; πρὸς τοῖς ποσὶ modifies the location relative to the acropolis. The exact attachment of τῆς ἀκροπόλεως and the genitive modifiers is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐρείπια | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐρείπια | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on the elliptical location/description. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ποσὶ | case | high | |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ποσὶ | det | high | |
| 6 | ποσὶ | πούς | NOUN | N----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐρείπια | obl | high | Dative complement of πρός. |
| 7 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 καλουμένης | obl | medium | Genitive of the city/name associated with the ruins; attachment is elliptical. |
| 8 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N----NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal predicate/main surviving phrase in an elliptical sentence. |
| 9 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V--PPMGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 πόλεως | acl | medium | Feminine genitive participle agreeing with πόλεως; passive ‘called/named’. |
| 10 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καλουμένης | obl | medium | Genitive of the ethnic designation/name. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Παρακυπαρισσίων | det | high | |
| 12 | Παρακυπαρισσίων | Παρακυπαρίσσιος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀχαιῶν | nmod | medium | Ethnic proper adjective, substantivized; modifies Ἀχαιῶν or appositively specifies the group. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐρείπια | punct | high |