Grammar parses for passage 3.22.6
Open translation for this passage
ἀπὸ θαλάσσης δὲ ἄνω Γερόνθραι σταδίους ἀπέχουσιν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν Ἀκριῶν.
The sentence states that Geronthrai is 120 stadia inland from the sea and from Akriai; Ἀκριῶν is treated as a second genitive distance reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 2 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέχουσιν | obl | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀπέχουσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἀπέχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | Γερόνθραι | Γερόνθραι | PROPN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέχουσιν | nsubj | high | Place name, plural form. |
| 6 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέχουσιν | obj | high | Accusative measure of distance. |
| 7 | ἀπέχουσιν | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | NUM | Number=Plur | 6 σταδίους | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying στάδιους. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἑκατὸν | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἑκατὸν | ἑκατόν | NUM | NUM | Number=Sing | 6 σταδίους | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral in a coordinated distance expression. |
| 11 | Ἀκριῶν | Ἄκριαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέχουσιν | obl | medium | Likely genitive of comparison/reference: distance from Akriai; exact attachment is syntactically debatable. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπέχουσιν | punct | high |
ταύτας οἰκουμένας πρὶν Ἡρακλείδας ἐλθεῖν ἐς Πελοπόννησον, ἐποίησαν ἀναστάτους Δωριεῖς οἱ Λακεδαίμονα ἔχοντες.
Accusative ταύτας is the subject of the accusative-and-infinitive οἰκουμένας ... ἐλθεῖν, while Ἡρακλείδας is the accusative subject of ἐλθεῖν; ἐποίησαν takes ἀναστάτους Δωριεῖς as its object-predicate construction, with οἱ Λακεδαίμονα ἔχοντες as the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτας | οὗτος | PRON | PD-AF-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 οἰκουμένας | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the participial infinitive construction. |
| 2 | οἰκουμένας | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PP-AF-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 ἐποίησαν | ccomp | medium | Present passive participle in an accusative construction; semantically subordinate to ἐποίησαν. |
| 3 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 5 ἐλθεῖν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator introducing the infinitival clause. |
| 4 | Ἡρακλείδας | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N-A----P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐλθεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐλθεῖν. |
| 5 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 2 οἰκουμένας | advcl | high | Aorist infinitive governed by πρίν. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 7 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-A----S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 10 | ἀναστάτους | ἀνάστατος | ADJ | A-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Δωριεῖς | amod | high | Predicative/object-complement adjective agreeing with Δωριεῖς. |
| 11 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | NOUN | N-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίησαν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐποίησαν. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing/agreement-marking the participial subject. |
| 13 | Λακεδαίμονα | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-ASM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔχοντες. |
| 14 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐποίησαν | nsubj | high | Substantival present active participle, subject of ἐποίησαν. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησαν | punct | high |
ἀναστήσαντες δὲ Γερονθρῶν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς παρὰ σφῶν ἐποίκους ἀπέστειλαν·
The aorist participle ἀναστήσαντες is adverbial and shares the subject of ἀπέστειλαν; Γερονθρῶν is a place-name in the genitive, while παρὰ σφῶν means “from among themselves/their territory.”
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναστήσαντες | ἀνίστημι | VERB | VAAPNM-P | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 9 ἀπέστειλαν | advcl | high | Adverbial aorist participle, subject coreferential with ἀπέστειλαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 ἀπέστειλαν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | Γερονθρῶν | Γερόνθραι | PROPN | NEPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 1 ἀναστήσαντες | obl | medium | Genitive place-name, likely indicating removal or expulsion from Geronthrae; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 5 Ἀχαιοὺς | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | NOUN | A-P-M | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 1 ἀναστήσαντες | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀναστήσαντες: the Achaeans were expelled/removed. |
| 6 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 σφῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 7 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP---GP- | Case=Genitive|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐποίκους | nmod | medium | Reflexive/third-person pronoun; genitive complement of παρὰ. |
| 8 | ἐποίκους | ἔποικος | NOUN | A-P-M | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 9 ἀπέστειλαν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀπέστειλαν, predicatively characterizing the Achaeans as colonists. |
| 9 | ἀπέστειλαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | VAAI3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπέστειλαν | punct | high |
ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ Ἐλευθερολακώνων καὶ οὗτοι μοῖρα ἦσαν.
The prepositional phrase ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ means ‘in my time’; Ἐλευθερολακώνων is a genitive plural ethnic noun, coordinated with οὗτοι as the subject of ἦσαν, with μοῖρα as a predicate nominative (partitive/collective sense).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 ἐμοῦ | case | high | Elided form before a vowel. |
| 2 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | P1S-GEN | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 8 ἦσαν | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἐπί, temporal ‘in my time’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | Ἐλευθερολακώνων | Ἐλευθερολάκων | PROPN | NPM-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 οὗτοι | nmod | medium | Ethnic/proper noun; genitive plural, dependent on οὗτοι. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 οὗτοι | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase. |
| 6 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | D-PN-M-NOM-PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 8 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject, with Ἐλευθερολακώνων specifying the group. |
| 7 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | NFS-NOM-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/subject complement with a collective or partitive sense; xcomp used for nominal complement of εἰμί. |
| 8 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative of εἰμί. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἦσαν | punct | high |
κατὰ μὲν δὴ τὴν ἐξ Ἀκριῶν ἐς Γερόνθρας ὁδὸν ἔστι Παλαιὰ καλουμένη κώμη.
Existential/copular construction: ὁδόν is the accusative subject with ἔστι, while κώμη is the nominative predicate; Παλαιὰ and καλουμένη modify κώμη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 9 ὁδὸν | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 10 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; contrastive counterpart is implicit or contextual. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 10 ἔστι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 6 Ἀκριῶν | case | high | |
| 6 | Ἀκριῶν | Ἄκριαι | PROPN | N-PRI-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ὁδὸν | nmod | medium | Place-name; genitive governed by ἐξ. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 8 Γερόνθρας | case | high | |
| 8 | Γερόνθρας | Γερόνθραι | PROPN | N-PRI-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ὁδὸν | nmod | medium | Place-name; accusative governed by ἐς. |
| 9 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 10 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Παλαιὰ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 κώμη | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with κώμη. |
| 12 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 13 κώμη | acl | high | Passive participle, ‘called’; modifies κώμη. |
| 13 | κώμη | κώμη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἔστι | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative with existential/copular ἔστι. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔστι | punct | high |
ἐν δὲ αὐταῖς Γερόνθραις Ἄρεως ναὸς καὶ ἄλσος·
Locative verbless clause: ἐν αὐταῖς Γερόνθραις governs the coordinated subjects ναός and ἄλσος; Ἄρεως is a genitive dependent on ναός, with the shared relation to ἄλσος somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Γερόνθραις | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Γερόνθραις | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐταῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DAP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 Γερόνθραις | det | medium | Intensive/pronominal modifier of Γερόνθραις, agreeing in dative feminine plural. |
| 4 | Γερόνθραις | Γερόνθραι | PROPN | NNP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ναὸς | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 5 | Ἄρεως | Ἄρης | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ναὸς | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the deity to whom the temple belongs. |
| 6 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | First subject of the verbless clause. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἄλσος | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ναὸς | conj | high | Coordinated second subject; the genitive relation to Ἄρεως is understood elliptically. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ναὸς | punct | high |