Grammar parses for passage 3.23.1
Open translation for this passage
Κύθηρα δὲ κεῖται μὲν ἀπαντικρὺ Βοιῶν, ἐς δὲ Πλατανιστοῦντα---ἐλάχιστον γὰρ τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτῃ διέστηκεν ἡ νῆσος---.
The sentence contains a parenthetical explanatory clause marked by dashes; dependency attachment of the accusative place-name after ἐς is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κύθηρα | Κύθηρα | PROPN | Neut-Acc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 κεῖται | nsubj | high | Neuter plural place name functioning as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 κεῖται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 κεῖται | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δὲ. |
| 5 | ἀπαντικρὺ | ἀπαντικρύ | ADV | Adv | _ | 3 κεῖται | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of location. |
| 6 | Βοιῶν | Βοῖος | PROPN | Neut-Gen-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπαντικρὺ | obl | medium | Likely genitive complement with ἀπαντικρύ; form may be treated as proper-name substantive. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κεῖται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | case | high | Preposition introducing destination/extent phrase. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 10 | Πλατανιστοῦντα | Πλατανιστοῦς | PROPN | Neut-Acc-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐς | obl | medium | Accusative after ἐς; place-name form is uncertain. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | punct | high | Dash/punctuation. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | punct | high | Dash/punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | punct | high | Dash/punctuation. |
| 14 | ἐλάχιστον | ἐλάχιστος | ADJ | A-NSA | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 διέστηκεν | advmod | medium | Adverbially used comparative/superlative form; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 15 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | At-Gen-Sg-F | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἠπείρου | det | high | Article modifying ἠπείρου. |
| 17 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 διέστηκεν | obl | high | Genitive dependent of διέστηκεν. |
| 18 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | Pd-Dat-Sg-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 διέστηκεν | obl | high | Dative of respect/means or locative reference, modifying διέστηκεν. |
| 19 | διέστηκεν | διαστήκω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 3 κεῖται | conj | high | Paratactic explanatory verb within parenthetical clause. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | At-Nom-Sg-F | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 νῆσος | det | high | Article modifying νῆσος. |
| 21 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 διέστηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of διέστηκεν. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | punct | high | Dash/punctuation. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | punct | high | Dash/punctuation. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | punct | high | Dash/punctuation. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κεῖται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐς ταύτην τὴν ἄκραν τὸν Πλατανιστοῦντα ἀπὸ ἄκρας τῆς ἠπείρου, καλουμένης δὲ Ὄνου γνάθου, σταδίων πλοῦς τεσσαράκοντά ἐστιν.
The sentence contains an elliptical prepositional phrase with a genitive absolute (καλουμένης δὲ Ὄνου γνάθου) modifying ἠπείρου, and the measure phrase σταδίων πλοῦς τεσσαράκοντά functions as the subject complement of ἐστιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἄκραν | case | high | Preposition governing the following accusative phrase. |
| 2 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἄκραν | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ἄκραν. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄκραν | det | high | Article modifying ἄκραν. |
| 4 | ἄκραν | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐστιν | obl | high | Goal/location phrase with ἐς. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Πλατανιστοῦντα | det | high | Article modifying Πλατανιστοῦντα. |
| 6 | Πλατανιστοῦντα | Πλατανιστοῦς | PROPN | Ne-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Likely proper name in accusative; syntactic role somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 ἠπείρου | case | high | Preposition governing ἄκρας τῆς ἠπείρου. |
| 8 | ἄκρας | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἠπείρου | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἠπείρου | det | high | Article modifying ἠπείρου. |
| 10 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκρας | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of ἄκρας; the phrase ἀπὸ ἄκρας τῆς ἠπείρου is somewhat elliptical. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPFSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ἠπείρου | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle agreeing with ἠπείρου. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 12 καλουμένης | advmod | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 14 | Ὄνου | ὄνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γνάθου | nmod | high | First genitive in the name/expression Ὄνου γνάθου. |
| 15 | γνάθου | γνάθος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 καλουμένης | obj | medium | Complement of καλουμένης; the exact syntactic analysis of the named expression is somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 καλουμένης | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 πλοῦς | nmod | high | Genitive of measure modifying πλοῦς. |
| 18 | πλοῦς | πλοῦς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 19 | τεσσαράκοντά | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | NU | NumType=Card | 17 σταδίων | nummod | high | Numeral modifying σταδίων. |
| 20 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐν Κυθήροις δὲ ἐπὶ θαλάσσης Σκάνδειά ἐστιν ἐπίνειον.
Simple existential/coplan sentence: Σκάνδειά is the subject, ἐπίνειον the predicate nominal, with locative prepositional phrases ἐν Κυθήροις and ἐπὶ θαλάσσης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 2 Κυθήροις | case | high | Preposition governing Κυθήροις. |
| 2 | Κυθήροις | Κύθηρα | PROPN | N-P---DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 5 θαλάσσης | case | high | Preposition governing θαλάσσης. |
| 5 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-S---GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί expressing location. |
| 6 | Σκάνδειά | Σκάνδεια | PROPN | N-S---NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἐστιν; form may reflect feminine nominative singular. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 8 | ἐπίνειον | ἐπίνειον | NOUN | N-S---NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominal with ἐστιν; could also be appositional in a loose sense. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Κύθηρα δὲ ἡ πόλις ἀναβάντι ἀπὸ Σκανδείας στάδια ὡς δέκα.
Syntax is slightly elliptical: πόλις is the clause head, with a dative participial phrase ἀναβάντι ἀπὸ Σκανδείας and a distance expression στάδια ὡς δέκα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κύθηρα | Κύθηρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πόλις | nsubj | medium | Interpreted as subject of πόλις; form is ambiguous and could be accusative, but syntax favors nominative-like apposition/subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 πόλις | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πόλις | det | high | Article with πόλις. |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate nominal, with omitted/copular relation in the sentence. |
| 5 | ἀναβάντι | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 πόλις | obl | high | Dative participle, likely circumstantial/dative of reference with ἀπὸ phrase. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Σκανδείας | case | high | Introduces source/source-path phrase. |
| 7 | Σκανδείας | Σκάνδεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀναβάντι | obl | medium | Proper name of place; governs by ἀπό. |
| 8 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 πόλις | obl | high | Extent/distance complement. |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | _ | _ | 10 δέκα | advmod | high | Approximative modifier. |
| 10 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 8 στάδια | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying στάδια. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πόλις | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τῆς Οὐρανίας ἁγιώτατον καὶ ἱερῶν ὁπόσα Ἀφροδίτης παρʼ Ἕλλησίν ἐστιν ἀρχαιότατον.
The syntax is elliptical: τὸ ἱερὸν is the shared subject with two coordinated superlative predicates, while ὁπόσα Ἀφροδίτης παρʼ Ἕλλησίν ἐστιν forms a relative comparative clause linked to ἱερῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 3 ἱερὸν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main nominal predicate; coordinated with token 8 phrase and modified by adjectives. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Οὐρανίας | det | high | Article with Οὐρανίας. |
| 5 | Οὐρανίας | Οὐρανία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν, likely goddess epithet/name. |
| 6 | ἁγιώτατον | ἅγιος | ADJ | A-NSN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | amod | high | Superlative adjective predicative/attributive to ἱερὸν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 3 ἱερὸν | cc | high | Coordinates the two predicate adjectives/phrases. |
| 8 | ἱερῶν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἱερὸν | conj | medium | Probably part of coordinated comparative statement with ὁπόσα. |
| 9 | ὁπόσα | ὅσος | PRON | RI-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐστιν | obj | high | Relative/interrogative pronoun introducing indirect content. |
| 10 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερῶν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἱερῶν: 'of Aphrodite'. |
| 11 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 12 Ἕλλησίν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἕλλησίν. |
| 12 | Ἕλλησίν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐστιν with παρὰ. |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἀρχαιότατον | cop | high | Copula for superlative predicate ἀρχαιότατον. |
| 14 | ἀρχαιότατον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερῶν | conj | high | Superlative adjective coordinated with ἁγιώτατον. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἱερὸν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
αὐτὴ δὲ ἡ θεὸς ξόανον ὡπλισμένον.
The syntax is elliptical/fragmentary; I treat θεὸς as the clause root with αὐτὴ as emphatic/pronominal modifier and ξόανον ὡπλισμένον as a descriptive accusative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτὴ | αὐτός | ADJ | S- ----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 θεὸς | nsubj | high | Likely agreeing with θεός in apposition/predicate position. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 θεὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L- ----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 θεὸς | det | high | Article with θεὸς. |
| 4 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-S---NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Sentence fragment; θεὸς taken as root, though gender/article agreement is irregular and likely refers to a statue or cult image. |
| 5 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-S---NAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 θεὸς | obj | high | Accusative complement describing θεός, perhaps in apposition or as a predicate nominal in the fragmentary style. |
| 6 | ὡπλισμένον | ὁπλίζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 ξόανον | amod | medium | Perfect passive participle agreeing with ξόανον; spelling reflects Ionic/orthographic form. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 θεὸς | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |