Grammar parses for passage 3.23.1
Open translation for this passage
Κύθηρα δὲ κεῖται μὲν ἀπαντικρὺ Βοιῶν, ἐς δὲ Πλατανιστοῦντα---ἐλάχιστον γὰρ τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτῃ διέστηκεν ἡ νῆσος---.
Κύθηρα is the subject of κεῖται; the coordinated ἐς-phrase is elliptical, with Πλατανιστοῦντα understood as the reference point for distance. The parenthetical clause gives the measured separation; ταύτῃ is an adverbial dative (‘in this direction’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κύθηρα | Κύθηρα | PROPN | Nbnp | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 κεῖται | nsubj | high | Plural neuter place-name with singular syntactic agreement in κεῖται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 κεῖται | cc | high | |
| 3 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V3SPIE--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Stative verb ‘lies/is situated’. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 3 κεῖται | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ at token 9. |
| 5 | ἀπαντικρὺ | ἀπαντικρύ | ADV | D--------- | _ | 3 κεῖται | advmod | high | Adverb ‘opposite/across from’. |
| 6 | Βοιῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | Nbng | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπαντικρὺ | obl | medium | Ethnic plural used substantivally for the Boeotians/Boeotia. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κεῖται | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 Πλατανιστοῦντα | case | high | Preposition governing Πλατανιστοῦντα. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Πλατανιστοῦντα | cc | high | Coordinates the second directional phrase. |
| 10 | Πλατανιστοῦντα | Πλατανιστοῦς | PROPN | Nbam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 κεῖται | obl | medium | Accusative place-name after ἐς; construction is elliptical after κεῖται. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐλάχιστον | punct | high | Dash opening parenthetical. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐλάχιστον | punct | high | Dash opening parenthetical. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐλάχιστον | punct | high | Dash opening parenthetical. |
| 14 | ἐλάχιστον | ἐλάχιστος | ADJ | A---ASNe- | Case=Acc|Degree=Superl|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 διέστηκεν | advmod | medium | Neuter accusative adverbial superlative, ‘the least distance’. |
| 15 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | G--------- | _ | 19 διέστηκεν | mark | high | Explanatory particle introducing the parenthetical clause. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L---GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἠπείρου | det | high | |
| 17 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N---GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 διέστηκεν | obl | high | Genitive of comparison/reference with διέστηκεν. |
| 18 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | P---DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 διέστηκεν | advmod | high | Adverbial dative, ‘in this direction’. |
| 19 | διέστηκεν | διΐστημι | VERB | V3SRIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 3 κεῖται | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory clause; subject follows. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L---NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 νῆσος | det | high | |
| 21 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N---NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 διέστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐλάχιστον | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐλάχιστον | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐλάχιστον | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κεῖται | punct | high |
ἐς ταύτην τὴν ἄκραν τὸν Πλατανιστοῦντα ἀπὸ ἄκρας τῆς ἠπείρου, καλουμένης δὲ Ὄνου γνάθου, σταδίων πλοῦς τεσσαράκοντά ἐστιν.
The sentence has an elliptical measurement construction: πλοῦς τεσσαράκοντά ἐστιν, with σταδίων as a genitive measure complement; Πλατανιστοῦντα is the destination accusative governed by ἐς, while καλουμένης δὲ Ὄνου γνάθου is a genitive absolute naming the departure cape.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἄκραν | case | high | |
| 2 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | RD----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἄκραν | det | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄκραν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἄκραν | ἄκρα | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πλοῦς | obl | medium | Destination phrase; syntactically associated with the voyage. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Πλατανιστοῦντα | det | high | |
| 6 | Πλατανιστοῦντα | Πλατανιστοῦς | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐς | obl | medium | Proper place name; coordinated destination complement of ἐς, with ἄκραν understood or appositional. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 8 ἄκρας | case | high | |
| 8 | ἄκρας | ἄκρα | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἠπείρου | nmod | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἠπείρου | det | high | |
| 10 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πλοῦς | obl | high | Departure point phrase ἀπὸ ἄκρας τῆς ἠπείρου. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 καλουμένης | punct | high | |
| 12 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | VPPPGSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ἠπείρου | acl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; its understood subject is ἄκρας. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 καλουμένης | cc | high | |
| 14 | Ὄνου | ὄνος | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 γνάθου | nmod | high | Genitive modifier in the place-name expression Ὄνου γνάθου. |
| 15 | γνάθου | γνάθος | PROPN | Ne----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 καλουμένης | xcomp | medium | Name/predicate complement of καλουμένης; treated as a proper name expression. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 πλοῦς | punct | high | |
| 17 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | N----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 πλοῦς | nmod | high | Genitive of measure/extent modifying πλοῦς. |
| 18 | πλοῦς | πλόος | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | τεσσαράκοντά | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 17 σταδίων | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίων. |
| 20 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐστιν | punct | high |
Κύθηρα δὲ ἡ πόλις ἀναβάντι ἀπὸ Σκανδείας στάδια ὡς δέκα.
Elliptical distance sentence: Κύθηρα is the destination/topic, with ἡ πόλις as the subject of an implied ἐστίν; ἀναβάντι agrees with an understood traveler, and στάδια ὡς δέκα gives an approximate distance from Scandeia.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κύθηρα | Κύθηρα | PROPN | Neut-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 πόλις | obl | medium | Place name, likely accusative of destination; syntactically somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 πόλις | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλις | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal predicate/topic with implied εἰμί. |
| 5 | ἀναβάντι | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | PAPt-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 πόλις | advcl | medium | Aorist active participle, dative of reference or agreeing with an understood traveler. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἀναβάντι | case | high | |
| 7 | Σκανδείας | Σκάνδεια | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπὸ | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 8 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-Acc-Pl-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀναβάντι | obl | high | Distance measure, accusative of extent. |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 δέκα | advmod | high | Approximating adverb modifying δέκα. |
| 10 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | NUM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 στάδια | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral agreeing semantically with στάδια; indeclinable form. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 πόλις | punct | high |