Grammar parses for passage 3.23.2
Open translation for this passage
πλέοντι δὲ ἐκ Βοιῶν τὴν ὑπὸ τὴν ἄκραν τῆς Μαλέας λιμήν ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενον Νύμφαιον καὶ Ποσειδῶνος ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν καὶ σπήλαιον θαλάσσης ἐγγύτατα, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ γλυκέος ὕδατος πηγή·
The sentence has an understood subject/location construction: πλέοντι is a dative circumstantial participle, while λιμήν ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενον is an agreement-irregular transmitted construction, with ὀνομαζόμενον analyzed as a predicative participle linked to λιμήν; the following nominative constituents coordinate descriptions of the place.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλέοντι | πλέω | VERB | V-PAP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial dative participle, probably referring to the traveler/reader. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Βοιῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | Βοιῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-P---G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πλέοντι | obl | medium | Ethnic place-name, ‘from the Boeotians/Boeotia’; form is substantivized. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----A-SF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκραν | det | high | |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἄκραν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----A-SF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκραν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἄκραν | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-S---A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 λιμήν | nmod | high | Object of ὑπό; ὑπὸ τὴν ἄκραν modifies λιμένα. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S----G-SF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Μαλέας | det | high | |
| 10 | Μαλέας | Μαλέα | PROPN | N-S---G-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄκραν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄκραν. |
| 11 | λιμήν | λιμήν | NOUN | N-S---A-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Accusative with εἰμί/locative-presentational construction; expected agreement with participle is irregular in the transmitted text. |
| 12 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ὀνομαζόμενον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPP-SNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 12 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative passive participle; neuter form does not agree with λιμήν, likely textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 14 | Νύμφαιον | Νύμφαιον | PROPN | N-S---N-SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὀνομαζόμενον | obl | medium | Name supplied with the naming participle; could alternatively be treated as its predicative complement. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 16 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδών | PROPN | N-S---G-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | |
| 17 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-S---N-SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated nominative description/presentational subject-like constituent. |
| 18 | ὀρθὸν | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-S---N-SN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 σπήλαιον | cc | high | |
| 20 | σπήλαιον | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-S---N-SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | conj | high | Further coordinated nominative description. |
| 21 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-S---G-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 σπήλαιον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σπήλαιον. |
| 22 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 20 σπήλαιον | advmod | medium | Superlative adverb, ‘very/nearest’; attachment to the preceding place description is somewhat uncertain. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 πηγή | cc | high | Links the ensuing clause-like phrase to the preceding description. |
| 26 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---D-SN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 29 πηγή | obl | high | Reference is to the σπήλαιον, with ἐν governing the dative. |
| 27 | γλυκέος | γλυκύς | ADJ | A-S---G-SN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ὕδατος | amod | high | Genitive agreeing with ὕδατος. |
| 28 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-S---G-SN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 πηγή | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πηγή, ‘spring of sweet water’. |
| 29 | πηγή | πηγή | NOUN | N-S---N-SF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Nominal presentational continuation after ἐν αὐτῷ; copula is understood. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ ἄνθρωποι περιοικοῦσι πολλοί.
Simple clause: καὶ coordinates the clause; πολλοί agrees with and modifies the subject ἄνθρωποι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 περιοικοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 περιοικοῦσι | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | περιοικοῦσι | περιοικέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | πολλοί | πολύς | ADJ | AP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἄνθρωποι | amod | high | Predicative/quantifying adjective agreeing with ἄνθρωποι. |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 περιοικοῦσι | punct | high |
περιπλεύσαντι δὲ τὴν ἄκραν τῆς Μαλέας καὶ ἑκατὸν στάδια ἀποσχόντι, ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ χωρίον ἐν ὅροις Βοιατῶν Ἀπόλλωνος μὲν ἱερόν ἐστιν, Ἐπιδήλιον δὲ ὀνομαζόμενον·
The sentence is an impersonal locative construction: two coordinated dative circumstantial participles frame a place where a sanctuary exists; Ἐπιδήλιον is a predicative/afterthought name for the sanctuary. The exact attachment of ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ is somewhat uncertain, most naturally modifying χωρίον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περιπλεύσαντι | περιπλέω | VERB | V-2AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποσχόντι | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀποσχόντι; circumstantial dative participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 περιπλεύσαντι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἄκραν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἄκραν | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 περιπλεύσαντι | obj | high | Object of περιπλεύσαντι. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Μαλέας | det | high | |
| 6 | Μαλέας | Μαλέα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἄκραν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄκραν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἀποσχόντι | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἑκατὸν | ἑκατόν | NUM | A-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 9 στάδια | nummod | high | |
| 9 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀποσχόντι | obl | high | Measure phrase with ἀποσχόντι. |
| 10 | ἀποσχόντι | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-2AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Main circumstantial participle governing the preceding coordinated participle. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποσχόντι | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 13 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | With dative θαλάσσῃ. |
| 13 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 χωρίον | obl | medium | Likely locative adjunct to χωρίον; attachment may alternatively be to ἐστιν. |
| 14 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of impersonal/copular ἐστιν. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 16 ὅροις | case | high | |
| 16 | ὅροις | ὅρος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 χωρίον | obl | high | Locative phrase modifying χωρίον. |
| 17 | Βοιατῶν | Βοιάτις | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὅροις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅροις. |
| 18 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Possessive/objective genitive: sanctuary of Apollo. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 20 ἱερόν | discourse | high | Correlative particle anticipating δὲ. |
| 20 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν; χωρίον and ἱερόν form an appositional/identificational sequence. |
| 21 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 23 | Ἐπιδήλιον | Ἐπιδήλιον | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἱερόν | appos | high | Name in apposition to ἱερόν. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Ἐπιδήλιον | cc | medium | Postpositive contrastive particle introducing the naming clause/afterthought. |
| 25 | ὀνομαζόμενον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 Ἐπιδήλιον | acl | high | Participial modifier: called Epidaelion. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐστιν | punct | high |