Grammar parses for passage 3.23.4
Open translation for this passage
ἀτειχίστου τῆς Δήλου καὶ ὅπλα οὐ κεκτημένων τῶν ἀνδρῶν, τριήρεσιν ἐσπλεύσας ἐφόνευσε μὲν τοὺς ἐπιδημοῦντας τῶν ξένων, ἐφόνευσε δὲ αὐτοὺς τοὺς Δηλίους·
The opening is a genitive absolute: τῆς Δήλου ἀτειχίστου καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ὅπλα οὐ κεκτημένων; the two aorist verbs are coordinated by μέν...δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀτειχίστου | ἀτείχιστος | ADJ | A--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Δήλου | amod | high | Genitive masculine singular agreeing with τῆς Δήλου understood as referring to the island's unfortified state; predicative genitive construction. |
| 2 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Δήλου | det | high | |
| 3 | Δήλου | Δῆλος | PROPN | Ne-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κεκτημένων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent in the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 κεκτημένων | cc | high | |
| 5 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | Nb---APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 κεκτημένων | obj | high | Object of κεκτημένων. |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 7 κεκτημένων | advmod | high | |
| 7 | κεκτημένων | κτάομαι | VERB | VPRP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐσπλεύσας | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle, coordinated with the genitive subject τῶν ἀνδρῶν. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνδρῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Nb---GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κεκτημένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐσπλεύσας | punct | high | |
| 11 | τριήρεσιν | τριήρης | NOUN | Nb---DPI | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐσπλεύσας | obl | high | Means/instrumental dative: by triremes. |
| 12 | ἐσπλεύσας | εἰσπλέω | VERB | VAPA-N-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐφόνευσε | advcl | high | Aorist participle with implicit subject, modifying ἐφόνευσε. |
| 13 | ἐφόνευσε | φονεύω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated main verb. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 13 ἐφόνευσε | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 21. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L---APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐπιδημοῦντας | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐπιδημοῦντας | ἐπιδημέω | VERB | VPAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐφόνευσε | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of ἐφόνευσε. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L---GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ξένων | det | high | |
| 18 | ξένων | ξένος | NOUN | Nb---GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐπιδημοῦντας | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with the substantivized participle. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐφόνευσε | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἐφόνευσε | φονεύω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἐφόνευσε | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἐφόνευσε | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν at token 14. |
| 22 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P---APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 20 ἐφόνευσε | obj | high | Intensive pronoun, modifying or emphasizing the object. |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L---APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Δηλίους | det | high | |
| 24 | Δηλίους | Δήλιος | PROPN | Ne---APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 αὐτοὺς | appos | high | Appositional specification of αὐτούς: the Delians themselves. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφόνευσε | punct | high |
κατασύρας δὲ πολλὰ μὲν ἐμπόρων χρήματα, πάντα δὲ τὰ ἀναθήματα, προσεξανδραποδισάμενος δὲ καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ τέκνα, καὶ αὐτὴν ἐς ἔδαφος κατέβαλε τὴν Δῆλον.
The participles κατασύρας and προσεξανδραποδισάμενος form coordinated circumstantial predicates for the finite verb κατέβαλε; πολλὰ χρήματα and πάντα τὰ ἀναθήματα are coordinated objects, while αὐτὴν refers to Δῆλον and is the object of κατέβαλε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατασύρας | κατασύρω | VERB | V-PAAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 24 κατέβαλε | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, agreeing with understood masculine subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατασύρας | cc | high | |
| 3 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 χρήματα | amod | high | Substantivized/quantifying modifier of χρήματα. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 6 χρήματα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 5 | ἐμπόρων | ἔμπορος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 χρήματα | nmod | high | Possessive/source genitive: merchants' goods. |
| 6 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατασύρας | obj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατασύρας | punct | high | |
| 8 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἀναθήματα | amod | high | Quantifying modifier of ἀναθήματα. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατασύρας | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἀναθήματα | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀναθήματα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατασύρας | obj | high | Second coordinated object of κατασύρας. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατασύρας | punct | high | |
| 13 | προσεξανδραποδισάμενος | προσεξανδραποδίζομαι | VERB | V-PAMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 24 κατέβαλε | advcl | high | Second circumstantial aorist participle; middle voice is lexical in the enslaving action. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 προσεξανδραποδισάμενος | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 γυναῖκας | cc | high | Coordinates γυναῖκας and τέκνα. |
| 16 | γυναῖκας | γυνή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 προσεξανδραποδισάμενος | obj | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 τέκνα | cc | high | Coordinates τέκνα with γυναῖκας. |
| 18 | τέκνα | τέκνον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 γυναῖκας | conj | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 προσεξανδραποδισάμενος | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 κατέβαλε | cc | high | Coordinates the final predicate with the preceding participial actions. |
| 21 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 24 κατέβαλε | obj | high | Refers anaphorically to Δῆλον. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 ἔδαφος | case | high | |
| 23 | ἔδαφος | ἔδαφος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 κατέβαλε | obl | high | Goal/destination complement of κατέβαλε. |
| 24 | κατέβαλε | καταβάλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 Δῆλον | det | high | |
| 26 | Δῆλον | Δῆλος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 κατέβαλε | appos | medium | Proper-name apposition to αὐτήν; feminine agreement follows the island name's usage here. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κατέβαλε | punct | high |
ἅτε δὲ πορθουμένης τε καὶ ἁρπαζομένης, τῶν τις βαρβάρων ὑπὸ ὕβρεως τὸ ξόανον τοῦτο ἀπέρριψεν ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν· ὑπολαβὼν δὲ ὁ κλύδων ἐνταῦθα τῆς Βοιατῶν ἀπήνεγκε, καὶ τὸ χωρίον διὰ τοῦτο Ἐπιδήλιον ὀνομάζουσι.
The passage has two finite clauses before the final naming clause. Genitive participles πορθουμένης/ἁρπαζομένης form a circumstantial genitive construction, while ὑπολαβών is nominative and agrees with κλύδων. ἀπήνεγκε is treated as a second root because the supplied punctuation separates it from ἀπέρριψεν; a single-root coordination analysis is also possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | PART | _ | _ | 3 πορθουμένης | mark | high | Causal/qualifying particle introducing circumstantial participial phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἀπέρριψεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πορθουμένης | πορθέω | VERB | V-PPM/P-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 6 ἁρπαζομένης | conj | medium | Genitive feminine singular participle, coordinated with ἁρπαζομένης; understood subject is the image/contextually supplied. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἁρπαζομένης | cc | high | Correlative coordinator. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἁρπαζομένης | cc | high | Coordinator joining participles. |
| 6 | ἁρπαζομένης | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-PPM/P-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 16 ἀπέρριψεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute/circumstantial participle coordinated with πορθουμένης. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀπέρριψεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying βαρβάρων. |
| 9 | τις | τις | PRON | PX-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 βαρβάρων | nsubj | high | Indefinite pronoun, subject of ἀπέρριψεν. |
| 10 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-GP-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τις | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: one of the barbarians. |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P-G | _ | 12 ὕβρεως | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 12 | ὕβρεως | ὕβρις | NOUN | N-GS-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπέρριψεν | obl | high | Cause/manner adjunct with ὑπό. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ξόανον | det | high | Article with ξόανον. |
| 14 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-NS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπέρριψεν | obj | high | Neuter form is identical in nominative and accusative; object of ἀπέρριψεν. |
| 15 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ξόανον | det | medium | Demonstrative agreeing with ξόανον; functionally determiner/appositive modifier. |
| 16 | ἀπέρριψεν | ἀπορρίπτω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-A | _ | 19 θάλασσαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AS-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 θάλασσαν | det | high | |
| 19 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AS-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπέρριψεν | obl | high | Goal/location complement of ἐς. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀπέρριψεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ὑπολαβὼν | ὑπολαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἀπήνεγκε | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle with κλύδων as subject. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ἀπήνεγκε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 23 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κλύδων | det | high | |
| 24 | κλύδων | κλύδων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἀπήνεγκε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπήνεγκε and ὑπολαβών. |
| 25 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | _ | 28 ἀπήνεγκε | advmod | high | Deictic adverb, here/there. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 Βοιατῶν | det | high | |
| 27 | Βοιατῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | NP-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 ἀπήνεγκε | obl | medium | Genitive of association/partitive in the phrase 'of the Boeotians'; feminine plural form likely refers to Βοιωτίς χώρα or γῆ. |
| 28 | ἀπήνεγκε | ἀποφέρω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite verb of the second clause; coordination with prior clause is punctuation-mediated. Some analyses attach this clause to the first root. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἀπήνεγκε | punct | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 36 ὀνομάζουσι | cc | high | Coordinator joining the naming clause. |
| 31 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-AS-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 χωρίον | det | high | |
| 32 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-AS-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | Object of ὀνομάζουσι. |
| 33 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P-A | _ | 34 τοῦτο | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 34 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-AS-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ὀνομάζουσι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative in διὰ τοῦτο, 'for this reason'. |
| 35 | Ἐπιδήλιον | Ἐπιδήλιον | PROPN | NP-AS-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ὀνομάζουσι | xcomp | high | Predicate/object complement naming the place. |
| 36 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ἀπήνεγκε | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb with implicit plural subject. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ὀνομάζουσι | punct | high |