Grammar parses for passage 3.25.9
Open translation for this passage
Ταινάρου δὲ τῆς ἄκρας πλοῦν ὅσον τεσσαράκοντα σταδίων ἀφέστηκε Καινήπολις·
The syntax is straightforward: Καινήπολις is the subject, while πλοῦν ὅσον τεσσαράκοντα σταδίων is an accusative distance expression; the opening genitive phrase Ταινάρου τῆς ἄκρας depends on πλοῦν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ταινάρου | Ταίναρον | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἄκρας | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄκρας, referring to Cape Taenarum. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἀφέστηκε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄκρας | det | high | Article modifying ἄκρας. |
| 4 | ἄκρας | ἄκρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πλοῦν | nmod | high | Genitive phrase dependent on πλοῦν. |
| 5 | πλοῦν | πλοῦς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφέστηκε | obl | high | Accusative of extent/distance, modified by ὅσον τεσσαράκοντα σταδίων. |
| 6 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πλοῦν | amod | medium | Likely agreeing with πλοῦν in the phrase ὅσον πλοῦν. |
| 7 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 8 σταδίων | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίων. |
| 8 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πλοῦν | nmod | high | Genitive of measure dependent on πλοῦν. |
| 9 | ἀφέστηκε | ἀφεστήκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb as sentence root. |
| 10 | Καινήπολις | Καινήπολις | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφέστηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφέστηκε. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀφέστηκε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὄνομα δὲ ἦν πάλαι καὶ ταύτῃ Ταίναρον.
The clause is a copular statement with an adverbial dative phrase; Ταίναρον is taken as appositive to ὄνομα, though the syntax is somewhat loose.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative subject of ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular main verb. |
| 4 | πάλαι | πάλαι | ADV | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἦν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ταύτῃ | cc | high | Coordinates adverbial phrase with implied προηγούμενον context. |
| 6 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 3 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of respect/location with ἦν. |
| 7 | Ταίναρον | Ταίναρον | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 ὄνομα | appos | medium | Appositive naming the place; case may reflect predicate apposition. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ μέγαρον Δήμητρος καὶ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ναός ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν λίθου.
The main difficulty is the coordination of three nominative predicates/subjects under ἐστιν and the attachment of λίθου, which most naturally expresses material.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 8 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | Preposition governing dative αὐτῇ. |
| 2 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 8 θαλάσσῃ | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐν; refers to an implied place. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 4 μέγαρον | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 4 | μέγαρον | μέγαρον | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 5 | Δήμητρος | Δημήτηρ | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 μέγαρον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μέγαρον. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 ναός | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause noun with the first. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 8 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | Preposition governing dative θαλάσσῃ. |
| 8 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἐπί, modifying the locative phrase. |
| 9 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Second subject of ἐστιν coordinated with μέγαρον. |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular existential verb. |
| 11 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ναός. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄγαλμα with the preceding noun phrase. |
| 13 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Third coordinated subject of ἐστιν. |
| 14 | ὀρθὸν | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἄγαλμα. |
| 15 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἄγαλμα | nmod | medium | Genitive of material with ἄγαλμα/ὀρθὸν; interpretation slightly uncertain. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐντεῦθεν ἀποσχόντι τριάκοντα σταδίους Θυρίδες ἄκρα Ταινάρου καὶ πόλεως ἐρείπια Ἱππόλας ἐστίν, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν Ἱππολαΐτιδος·
Main clause is copular with coordinated nominative subjects; the opening dative participial phrase ἀποσχόντι τριάκοντα σταδίους depends circumstantially on the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | Pd | _ | 12 ἐστίν | advmod | high | Adverb of place/source modifying the clause. |
| 2 | ἀποσχόντι | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-APAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστίν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, dative singular; circumstantial participle agreeing with an implicit dative subject. |
| 3 | τριάκοντα | τρεῖς | NUM | NUM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 σταδίους | nummod | high | Accusative of extent with σταδίους. |
| 4 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἀποσχόντι | obj | high | Object/complement of ἀποσχόντι, expressing distance traversed. |
| 5 | Θυρίδες | Θυρίδες | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐστίν | nsubj | medium | Toponym functioning as subject of ἐστίν; plural form treated as place-name. |
| 6 | ἄκρα | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 Ἱππόλας | appos | medium | Appositional description of Θυρίδες, though form may be construed as neuter plural; syntax uncertain. |
| 7 | Ταινάρου | Ταίναρον | PROPN | N-SG? | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἄκρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄκρα. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐρείπια | cc | high | Coordinates πόλεως and ἐρείπια. |
| 9 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἐρείπια. |
| 10 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἐστίν. |
| 11 | Ἱππόλας | Ἱππόλαος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐρείπια | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent on ἐρείπια, identifying the city. |
| 12 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root of the sentence. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστίν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 18 ἱερὸν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτοῖς. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 18 ἱερὸν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P--DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἱερὸν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 17 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἱερὸν. |
| 18 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστίν | obl | medium | Likely adverbial locative in the phrase ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν..., though case/form is textually awkward. |
| 19 | Ἱππολαΐτιδος | Ἱππολαΐτις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀθηνᾶς | nmod | high | Genitive epithet of Ἀθηνᾶς. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστίν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω Μέσσα πόλις καὶ λιμήν.
The clause is a compressed presentational statement with ἀπωτέρω functioning adverbially/predicatively and the nominative phrase Μέσσα πόλις καὶ λιμήν as the located entity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπωτέρω | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, modifying ἀπωτέρω. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἀπωτέρω | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπώτερος | ADV | _ | Degree=Cmp | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicative adverbial element of the clause. |
| 4 | Μέσσα | Μέσσα | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλις | amod | high | Attributive proper name modifying πόλις. |
| 5 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπωτέρω | nsubj | high | Subject of the implied existential/presentational clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 λιμήν | cc | high | Coordinates the noun λιμήν with πόλις. |
| 7 | λιμήν | λιμήν | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πόλις | conj | high | Coordinated subject/nominative with πόλις. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπωτέρω | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |