Grammar parses for passage 3.4.1
Open translation for this passage
Δωριεὺς μὲν δὴ---οὐ γὰρ ἠνείχετο ὑπακούειν Κλεομένει μένων ἐν Λακεδαίμονι---ἐς ἀποικίαν στέλλεται·
Main clause: Δωριεύς ... στέλλεται ἐς ἀποικίαν; the dash-enclosed γάρ clause explains his departure, with μένων modifying the understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δωριεὺς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 στέλλεται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 20 στέλλεται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 20 στέλλεται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στέλλεται | punct | high | Dash marking parenthetical interruption. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στέλλεται | punct | high | Dash marking parenthetical interruption. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στέλλεται | punct | high | Dash marking parenthetical interruption. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἠνείχετο | advmod | high | |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Df | _ | 9 ἠνείχετο | discourse | high | |
| 9 | ἠνείχετο | ἀνέχω | VERB | V3IIM-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 20 στέλλεται | advcl | medium | Parenthetical explanatory imperfect; middle form means 'endure/submit'. |
| 10 | ὑπακούειν | ὑπακούω | VERB | V--PAN-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἠνείχετο | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | Κλεομένει | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπακούειν | iobj | high | Dative of obedience. |
| 12 | μένων | μένω | VERB | V-PAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἠνείχετο | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, with subject understood as Δωριεύς. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Λακεδαίμονι | case | high | |
| 14 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 μένων | obl | high | |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στέλλεται | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στέλλεται | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στέλλεται | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 ἀποικίαν | case | high | |
| 19 | ἀποικίαν | ἀποικία | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 στέλλεται | obl | high | |
| 20 | στέλλεται | στέλλω | VERB | V3IPM-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive/deponent-like middle: 'is sent/sets out'. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στέλλεται | punct | high |
Κλεομένης δὲ ὡς ἐβασίλευσεν, αὐτίκα ἐσέβαλεν ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα, Λακεδαιμονίων τε αὐτῶν ἀθροίσας καὶ τῶν συμμάχων στρατιάν.
The temporal ὡς-clause modifies ἐσέβαλεν; ἀθροίσας is a coordinated/conjunct participle with shared subject, taking στρατιάν as its object and genitives of the troops assembled.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐβασίλευσεν | mark | high | Temporal clause marker. |
| 4 | ἐβασίλευσεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐσέβαλεν | εἰσβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ἀργολίδα | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀργολίδα | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀργολίδα | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | obl | high | Goal/direction complement with εἰς. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 στρατιάν | nmod | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective, dependent on στρατιάν. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Λακεδαιμονίων | cc | medium | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 Λακεδαιμονίων | nmod | high | Intensifying ‘the Lacedaemonians themselves’. |
| 15 | ἀθροίσας | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | advcl | high | Conjunct participle sharing subject with ἐσέβαλεν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 συμμάχων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive groups. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 συμμάχων | det | high | |
| 18 | συμμάχων | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 στρατιάν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on στρατιάν. |
| 19 | στρατιάν | στρατιά | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀθροίσας | obj | high | Object of ἀθροίσας. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐσέβαλεν | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἐπεξῆλθον οἱ Ἀργεῖοι σὺν ὅπλοις, ὁ Κλεομένης ἐνίκα τῇ μάχῃ·
The temporal ὡς-clause is attached as an adverbial clause to the main verb ἐνίκα; σὺν ὅπλοις is a comitative adjunct of ἐπεξῆλθον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐπεξῆλθον | mark | high | Temporal conjunction introducing the subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐνίκα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπεξῆλθον | ἐπεξέρχομαι | VERB | V—AAI—3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 11 ἐνίκα | advcl | high | Aorist indicative subordinate predicate. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T—NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 5 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N—NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 3 ἐπεξῆλθον | nsubj | high | Argives, subject of ἐπεξῆλθον. |
| 6 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 7 ὅπλοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 7 | ὅπλοις | ὅπλον | NOUN | N—DPN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 3 ἐπεξῆλθον | obl | high | Comitative/manner adjunct, ‘with weapons’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπεξῆλθον | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T—NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κλεομένης | det | high | |
| 10 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N—NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Cleomenes, subject of ἐνίκα. |
| 11 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V—IAI—3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T—DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 13 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N—DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐνίκα | obl | high | Dative of sphere or context, ‘in the battle’. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐνίκα | punct | high |
καὶ ---ἦν γὰρ πλησίον ἄλσος ἱερὸν Ἄργου τοῦ Νιόβης--- καταφεύγουσιν ὡς ἐτράποντο ὅσον τε πεντακισχίλιοι τῶν Ἀργείων ἐς τὸ ἄλσος.
The dash-enclosed clause is parenthetical: ἦν ... ἄλσος ...; the main predicate is καταφεύγουσιν, with ὡς ἐτράποντο as a temporal subordinate clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 καταφεύγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Dash marking parenthetical interruption. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Dash marking parenthetical interruption. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Dash marking parenthetical interruption. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 8 ἄλσος | cop | high | |
| 6 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 7 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | _ | _ | 8 ἄλσος | advmod | high | Predicate-location adverb. |
| 8 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 καταφεύγουσιν | parataxis | medium | Subject of parenthetical ἦν; parenthetical clause interrupts the main clause. |
| 9 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἄλσος | amod | high | |
| 10 | Ἄργου | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἄλσος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄλσος. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Νιόβης | det | high | |
| 12 | Νιόβης | Νιόβη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἄργου | nmod | medium | Appositional/identifying genitive phrase: Argos of Niobe. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 16 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἐτράποντο | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 18 | ἐτράποντο | τρέπω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Mid | 16 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | high | Temporal clause: when/as they turned. |
| 19 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADV | _ | _ | 21 πεντακισχίλιοι | advmod | medium | Adverbial quantifier modifying πεντακισχίλιοι. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 πεντακισχίλιοι | cc | medium | Enclitic connective associated with the quantifier. |
| 21 | πεντακισχίλιοι | πεντακισχίλιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐτράποντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτράποντο. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Ἀργείων | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | NOUN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 πεντακισχίλιοι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with πεντακισχίλιοι. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 26 ἄλσος | case | high | |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἄλσος | det | high | |
| 26 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐτράποντο | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 καταφεύγουσιν | punct | high |
Κλεομένης δὲ---ἐξώρμει γὰρ τὰ πολλὰ ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ---κελεύει καὶ τότε ἐνεῖναι πῦρ τοῖς εἵλωσιν ἐς τὸ ἄλσος, καὶ τό τε ἄλσος ἡ φλὸξ ἐπέλαβεν ἅπαν καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ ἄλσει καιομένῳ συγκατεκαύθησαν αὖθις οἱ ἱκέται.
The parenthetical ἐξώρμει γὰρ τὰ πολλὰ ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ interrupts the main clause; κελεύει governs an indirect command with ἐνεῖναι and dative recipient τοῖς εἵλωσιν. In the final clause, καιομένῳ modifies ἄλσει, while συγκατεκαύθησαν is coordinated with ἐπέλαβεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κελεύει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 16 κελεύει | cc | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξώρμει | punct | high | Dash opening parenthesis. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξώρμει | punct | high | Dash within parenthetical punctuation. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξώρμει | punct | high | Dash within parenthetical punctuation. |
| 6 | ἐξώρμει | ἐξορμάω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 16 κελεύει | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical imperfect; subject is understood as Κλεομένης. |
| 7 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ἐξώρμει | cc | high | |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | t-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 9 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐξώρμει | obl | high | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘for the most part’. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 12 νοῦ | case | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | t-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 νοῦ | det | high | |
| 12 | νοῦ | νοῦς | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐξώρμει | obl | high | |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξώρμει | punct | high | Dash closing parenthesis. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξώρμει | punct | high | Dash within parenthetical punctuation. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 κελεύει | punct | high | Dash closing parenthesis. |
| 16 | κελεύει | κελεύω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 40 συγκατεκαύθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the subsequent main clause. |
| 18 | τότε | τότε | ADV | d-------- | _ | 19 ἐνεῖναι | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἐνεῖναι | ἐνίημι | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 κελεύει | xcomp | medium | Aorist active infinitive in indirect command; exact lexical analysis of ἐνεῖναι is somewhat uncertain. |
| 20 | πῦρ | πῦρ | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐνεῖναι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the infinitival command; construed as thing to be set. |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | t-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 εἵλωσιν | det | high | |
| 22 | εἵλωσιν | εἵλωϲ | NOUN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐνεῖναι | iobj | high | Dative recipient/target. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 25 ἄλσος | case | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | t-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἄλσος | det | high | |
| 25 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐνεῖναι | obl | high | Goal/location of ἐνεῖναι. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 33 ἐπέλαβεν | cc | high | |
| 28 | τό | ὁ | DET | t-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἄλσος | det | high | |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 30 ἄλσος | cc | high | Correlative τε with following coordinated ἄλσος. |
| 30 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ἐπέλαβεν | nsubj | high | |
| 31 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | t-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 φλὸξ | det | high | |
| 32 | φλὸξ | φλόξ | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐπέλαβεν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject; φλόξ takes ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 33 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Coordinated main predicate; sentence contains coordinated finite clauses. |
| 34 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἄλσος | amod | high | Predicative/totalizing modifier of ἄλσος, with accusative attraction or adverbial force. |
| 35 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 40 συγκατεκαύθησαν | cc | high | |
| 36 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | d-------- | _ | 40 συγκατεκαύθησαν | advmod | high | |
| 37 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | t-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 ἄλσει | det | high | |
| 38 | ἄλσει | ἄλσος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 συγκατεκαύθησαν | obl | high | Dative with ὁμοῦ / temporal concomitance. |
| 39 | καιομένῳ | καίω | VERB | v-sppmnd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 38 ἄλσει | acl | high | Dative present passive participle agreeing with ἄλσει. |
| 40 | συγκατεκαύθησαν | συγκατακαίω | VERB | v3paip--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 33 ἐπέλαβεν | conj | high | |
| 41 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | d-------- | _ | 40 συγκατεκαύθησαν | advmod | high | |
| 42 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | t-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 ἱκέται | det | high | |
| 43 | ἱκέται | ἱκέτης | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 συγκατεκαύθησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high |