Pausanias Analysis

Passage 3.4.1

← 3.3.10 3.4.2 →

Passage 3.4.1: Cleomenes burns the sacred grove of Argus, killing Argive suppliants

Historical Non-skeptical

Greek Text

Δωριεὺς μὲν δὴ---οὐ γὰρ ἠνείχετο ὑπακούειν Κλεομένει μένων ἐν Λακεδαίμονι---ἐς ἀποικίαν στέλλεται· Κλεομένης δὲ ὡς ἐβασίλευσεν, αὐτίκα ἐσέβαλεν ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα, Λακεδαιμονίων τε αὐτῶν ἀθροίσας καὶ τῶν συμμάχων στρατιάν. ὡς δὲ ἐπεξῆλθον οἱ Ἀργεῖοι σὺν ὅπλοις, ὁ Κλεομένης ἐνίκα τῇ μάχῃ· καὶ ---ἦν γὰρ πλησίον ἄλσος ἱερὸν Ἄργου τοῦ Νιόβης--- καταφεύγουσιν ὡς ἐτράποντο ὅσον τε πεντακισχίλιοι τῶν Ἀργείων ἐς τὸ ἄλσος. Κλεομένης δὲ---ἐξώρμει γὰρ τὰ πολλὰ ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ---κελεύει καὶ τότε ἐνεῖναι πῦρ τοῖς εἵλωσιν ἐς τὸ ἄλσος, καὶ τό τε ἄλσος ἡ φλὸξ ἐπέλαβεν ἅπαν καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ ἄλσει καιομένῳ συγκατεκαύθησαν αὖθις οἱ ἱκέται.

English Translation

Dorieus—since he could not endure to be subject to Cleomenes by remaining in Lacedaemon—departed to establish a colony. Cleomenes, however, as soon as he came to the throne, immediately invaded Argolis, gathering an army from both the Spartans themselves and their allies. When the Argives came forth armed against him, Cleomenes defeated them in battle; nearby was a grove sacred to Argus, son of Niobe, and about five thousand of the Argives fled into this grove after their defeat. Then Cleomenes, who frequently acted from rash impulse, ordered the Helots at that time also to set fire to the grove; thus, the flames overtook the entire grove, and along with its burning the suppliants within it all perished together.

Proper Nouns

Dorieus (Δωριεύς) person
Cleomenes (Κλεομένης) person
Lacedaemonians (Λακεδαιμόνιοι) person
Argives (Ἀργεῖοι) person
Argos of Niobe (Ἄργος Νιόβης) person
Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων) place Q5690 Pleiades
Argolis (Ἀργολίς) place Q12649101
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