Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.3.4

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Passage 1.3.4: Euphranor's paintings of the Mantineia battle and the Apollo Patroos statue.

Historical Non-skeptical

Greek Text

ἐνταῦθά ἐστι γεγραμμένον καὶ τὸ περὶ Μαντίνειαν Ἀθηναίων ἔργον, οἳ βοηθήσοντες Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπέμφθησαν. συνέγραψαν δὲ ἄλλοι τε καὶ Ξενοφῶν τὸν πάντα πόλεμον, κατάληψίν τε τῆς Καδμείας καὶ τὸ πταῖσμα Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις καὶ ὡς ἐς Πελοπόννησον ἐσέβαλον Βοιωτοὶ καὶ τὴν συμμαχίαν Λακεδαιμονίοις τὴν παρʼ Ἀθηναίων ἐλθοῦσαν· ἐν δὲ τῇ γραφῇ τῶν ἱππέων ἐστὶ μάχη, ἐν ᾗ γνωριμώτατοι Γρύλος τε ὁ Ξενοφῶντος ἐν τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἵππον τὴν Βοιωτίαν Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος. ταύτας τὰς γραφὰς Εὐφράνωρ ἔγραψεν Ἀθηναίοις καὶ πλησίον ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ ναῷ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα Πατρῷον ἐπίκλησιν· πρὸ δὲ τοῦ νεὼ τὸν μὲν Λεωχάρης , ὃν δὲ καλοῦσιν Ἀλεξίκακον Κάλαμις ἐποίησε. τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῷ θεῷ γενέσθαι λέγουσιν, ὅτι τὴν λοιμώδη σφίσι νόσον ὁμοῦ τῷ Πελοποννησίων πολέμῳ πιέζουσαν κατὰ μάντευμα ἔπαυσε ν ἐκ Δελφῶν.

English Translation

Here also is depicted the action of the Athenians near Mantineia, who were sent to aid the Lacedaemonians. Various historians, including Xenophon, have described this entire war—the capture of the Cadmeia, the defeat of the Spartans at Leuctra, the Boeotian invasion of the Peloponnese, and the alliance the Athenians entered into on behalf of the Lacedaemonians. In this picture is a cavalry engagement, where the prominent figures are Grylus, the son of Xenophon, among the Athenians, and Epaminondas the Theban among the Boeotians. These paintings Euphranor executed for the Athenians, and near to them he placed in the temple a statue of Apollo surnamed "Patroos" (Paternal). Of the statues before the temple, the one is by Leochares, and the other, called Alexikakos ("Averter of Evil"), is by Calamis. They say the god received this epithet because, upon the advice of the Delphic oracle, he brought an end to the plague that afflicted them along with the Peloponnesian War.

Proper Nouns

Apollo (Ἀπόλλων) deity
Patroos (Πατρῷος) other
Alexikakos (Ἀλεξίκακος) other
Boeotians (Βοιωτοί) person
Gryllus (Γρύλος) person Q10291570
Euphranor (Εὐφράνωρ) person
Theban (Θηβαῖος) person
Calamis (Κάλαμις) person
Lacedaemonians (Λακεδαιμόνιοι) person
Leochares (Λεωχάρης) person
Xenophon (Ξενοφῶν) person
Peloponnesians (Πελοποννήσιοι) person
Athenians (Ἀθηναῖοι) person
Epaminondas (Ἐπαμινώνδας) person
Boeotia (Βοιωτία) place Q187570
Delphi (Δελφοί) place Q75459 Pleiades
Cadmeia (Καδμεία) place Q1276854
Leuctra (Λεῦκτρα) place Q56761602
Mantineia (Μαντίνεια) place Q1160195
Peloponnese (Πελοπόννησος) place Q78967
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