Grammar parses for passage 3.5.1
Open translation for this passage
Πλείσταρχος μὲν οὖν ὁ Λεωνίδου νεωστὶ τὴν βασιλείαν παρειληφὼς ἐτελεύτησε, Πλειστοάναξ δὲ ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχὴν ὁ Παυσανίου τοῦ Πλαταιᾶσιν ἡγησαμένου·
The second clause contains a compressed genitive participial construction; I analyze ὁ Παυσανίου τοῦ Πλαταιᾶσιν ἡγησαμένου as a genitive participial adjunct dependent on ἔσχε, with Πλαταιᾶσιν as a dative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πλείσταρχος | Πλείσταρχος | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτελεύτησε. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Πλείσταρχος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-3SNS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 παρειληφὼς | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 5 | Λεωνίδου | Λεωνίδης | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 παρειληφὼς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of the participle. |
| 6 | νεωστὶ | νεωστί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 παρειληφὼς | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participle. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-3SNS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 βασιλείαν | det | high | Article with βασιλείαν. |
| 8 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-----FSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρειληφὼς | obj | high | Object of παρειληφώς. |
| 9 | παρειληφὼς | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | V-RAAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Πλείσταρχος | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Πλείσταρχος. |
| 10 | ἐτελεύτησε | τελευτάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | Πλειστοάναξ | Πλειστοάναξ | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχε. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἔσχε | discourse | high | Contrastive particle. |
| 14 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-3SNS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Article with ἀρχὴν. |
| 16 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-----FSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσχε | obj | high | Object of ἔσχε. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-3SNS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ἡγησαμένου | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 18 | Παυσανίου | Παυσανίας | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἡγησαμένου | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of participle in indirect discourse-like genitive absolute. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-3SNS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ἡγησαμένου | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 20 | Πλαταιᾶσιν | Πλαταιαί | PROPN | N-----DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἡγησαμένου | obl | medium | Dative place-name; likely locative/dative with ἡγησαμένου. |
| 21 | ἡγησαμένου | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-AMPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔσχε | advcl | medium | Genitive participial clause modifying the second clause; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔσχε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Πλειστοάνακτος δὲ ἐγένετο Παυσανίας.
Simple copular-like clause with a genitive indicating affiliation/parentage: 'Pausanias was of Pleistoanax.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πλειστοάνακτος | Πλειστοάνᾱξ | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Παυσανίας | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/source with Παυσανίας. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 4 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὗτος ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἀφίκετο ὁ Παυσανίας Θρασυβούλῳ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις πολέμιος τῷ λόγῳ, τοῖς δὲ ἄρχειν ἐπιτραπεῖσιν ὑπὸ Λυσάνδρου καταστησόμενος τὴν τυραννίδα ἐν βεβαίῳ.
The syntax is slightly compressed: Παυσανίας is the main subject of ἀφίκετο, with two predicative/secondary participial descriptions (ἐπιτραπεῖσιν... and καταστησόμενος...) and the adjective πολέμιος functioning predicatively with a dative of reference/respect.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PDS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun, likely anticipatory to ὁ Παυσανίας. |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 5 ἀφίκετο | case | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Παυσανίας | det | high | |
| 7 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | Θρασυβούλῳ | Θρασύβουλος | PROPN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πολέμιος | obl | medium | Dative of reference/hostility with πολέμιος. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 Ἀθηναίοις | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Θρασυβούλῳ | conj | high | |
| 11 | πολέμιος | πολέμιος | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφίκετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective agreeing with Παυσανίας; treated as secondary predication. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 13 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πολέμιος | obl | high | Instrumental/dative of respect: 'in word/speech'. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πολέμιος | punct | high | |
| 15 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | det | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G- | _ | 18 ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | discourse | high | |
| 17 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | xcomp | high | |
| 18 | ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 21 καταστησόμενος | obl | medium | Participle agreeing with τοῖς; construction likely 'to those entrusted to rule'. |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 20 Λυσάνδρου | case | high | |
| 20 | Λυσάνδρου | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | obl | high | Agent with passive participle. |
| 21 | καταστησόμενος | καθίστημι | VERB | V- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | Future middle participle expressing purpose/attendant circumstance. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 τυραννίδα | det | high | |
| 23 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 καταστησόμενος | obj | high | |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 25 βεβαίῳ | case | high | |
| 25 | βεβαίῳ | βεβαῖος | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 καταστησόμενος | obl | medium | Likely adverbial dative phrase 'in a secure/firm position'. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
καὶ μάχῃ μὲν ἐνίκησεν Ἀθηναίων τοὺς ἔχοντας τὸν Πειραιᾶ, μετὰ δὲ τὴν μάχην αὐτίκα οἱ τὸν στρατὸν ἀπάγειν οἴκαδε ἤρεσε μηδὲ ἀνοσίων ἀνδρῶν τυραννίδα αὔξοντα ἐπισπάσασθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ τὸ αἴσχιστον τῶν ὀνειδῶν.
The second half is syntactically difficult: ἤρεσε governs coordinated infinitives, and the phrase with αὔξοντα is textually/grammatically problematic, so its attachment is approximate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐνίκησεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 2 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument with ἐνίκησεν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐνίκησεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of first clause. |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχοντας | nsubj | medium | Genitive with participle, likely partitive/possessive phrase referring to 'the Athenians'. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχοντας | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 7 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐνίκησεν | obj | high | Accusative participial phrase as object of ἐνίκησεν. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Πειραιᾶ | det | high | Article with Πειραιᾶ. |
| 9 | Πειραιᾶ | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχοντας | obj | medium | Object of ἔχοντας. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 14 μάχην | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἤρεσε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 μάχην | det | high | Article with μάχην. |
| 14 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἤρεσε | obl | high | Temporal prepositional object of μετὰ. |
| 15 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | _ | _ | 21 ἤρεσε | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἤρεσε. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἤρεσε | nsubj | medium | Likely article used substantively, introducing subject. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 στρατὸν | det | high | Article with στρατὸν. |
| 18 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀπάγειν | obj | high | Object of ἀπάγειν. |
| 19 | ἀπάγειν | ἀπάγω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἤρεσε | csubj | high | Infinitival clause functioning as subject of ἤρεσε. |
| 20 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | _ | _ | 19 ἀπάγειν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying infinitive. |
| 21 | ἤρεσε | ἀρέσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 22 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | cc | high | Negative coordinating conjunction. |
| 23 | ἀνοσίων | ἀνόσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀνδρῶν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἀνδρῶν. |
| 24 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 τυραννίδα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τυραννίδα. |
| 25 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἐπισπάσασθαι. |
| 26 | αὔξοντα | αὔξω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 τυραννίδα | amod | medium | Agreement is irregular in the transmitted text; likely participial modifier of an implied masculine subject, perhaps coordinated with ἐπισπάσασθαι. |
| 27 | ἐπισπάσασθαι | ἐπισπάω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 21 ἤρεσε | csubj | high | Infinitival complement coordinated with ἀπάγειν under ἤρεσε. |
| 28 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | Article with Σπάρτῃ. |
| 29 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | obl | high | Dative with ἐπισπάσασθαι, indicating indirect object/goal. |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 αἴσχιστον | det | high | Article with αἴσχιστον. |
| 31 | αἴσχιστον | αἰσχρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | obj | medium | Likely predicative apposition/object of ἐπισπάσασθαι within the idiomatic phrase 'the most disgraceful of reproaches'. |
| 32 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 ὀνειδῶν | det | high | Article with ὀνειδῶν. |
| 33 | ὀνειδῶν | ὄνειδος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 αἴσχιστον | nmod | high | Genitive complement of the superlative. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἤρεσε | punct | high | Punctuation. |