Grammar parses for passage 3.5.1
Open translation for this passage
Πλείσταρχος μὲν οὖν ὁ Λεωνίδου νεωστὶ τὴν βασιλείαν παρειληφὼς ἐτελεύτησε, Πλειστοάναξ δὲ ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχὴν ὁ Παυσανίου τοῦ Πλαταιᾶσιν ἡγησαμένου·
The sentence has two coordinated clauses linked by μέν...δέ; the second contains a genitive absolute, τοῦ Παυσανίου τοῖς/ἐν Πλαταιαῖς ἡγησαμένου, referring to Pausanias as the leader at Plataea.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πλείσταρχος | Πλείσταρχος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | Polarity=Pos | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NMS- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Λεωνίδου | det | high | |
| 5 | Λεωνίδου | Λεωνίδας | PROPN | Nbmsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 παρειληφὼς | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive relation: son or descendant of Leonidas. |
| 6 | νεωστὶ | νεωστί | ADV | D--------- | _ | 9 παρειληφὼς | advmod | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFS- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλείαν | det | high | |
| 8 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρειληφὼς | obj | high | |
| 9 | παρειληφὼς | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | Vprpanms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | advcl | high | Circumstantial perfect participle, coreferential with Πλείσταρχος. |
| 10 | ἐτελεύτησε | τελευτάω | VERB | V3saa | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | punct | high | |
| 12 | Πλειστοάναξ | Πλειστοάναξ | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἔσχε | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 14 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V3saa | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἐτελεύτησε | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσχε | obj | high | |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NMS- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Παυσανίου | det | high | |
| 18 | Παυσανίου | Παυσανίας | PROPN | Nbmsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἡγησαμένου | nsubj | high | Genitive patronymic phrase governed by the substantivized article/participle construction. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GMS- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἡγησαμένου | det | high | Article introducing a genitive substantivized participial phrase. |
| 20 | Πλαταιᾶσιν | Πλαταιαί | PROPN | Np---D-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 21 ἡγησαμένου | obl | medium | Locative/dative plural, ‘at Plataea’; gender is not morphologically relevant here. |
| 21 | ἡγησαμένου | ἡγέομαι | VERB | Vprpgm-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute: τοῦ Παυσανίου ... ἡγησαμένου, ‘when/after Pausanias had led’. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔσχε | punct | high |
Πλειστοάνακτος δὲ ἐγένετο Παυσανίας.
Πλειστοάνακτος is a genitive patronymic/name dependent on Παυσανίας; ἐγένετο is the intransitive copular verb, with Παυσανίας as subject and an understood contextual predication (became/was Pausanias of Plistoanax).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πλειστοάνακτος | Πλειστοάναξ | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Παυσανίας | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic/name modifying Παυσανίας. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative, intransitive 'became/was'. |
| 4 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Nominative personal name functioning as subject. |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
οὗτος ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἀφίκετο ὁ Παυσανίας Θρασυβούλῳ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις πολέμιος τῷ λόγῳ, τοῖς δὲ ἄρχειν ἐπιτραπεῖσιν ὑπὸ Λυσάνδρου καταστησόμενος τὴν τυραννίδα ἐν βεβαίῳ.
The participial phrase ἐπιτραπεῖσιν ... καταστησόμενος is prospective/purpose-like: Pausanias, hostile in words, intending to establish tyranny for those entrusted with rule by Lysander. The dative τοῖς ... ἐπιτραπεῖσιν is substantivized and functions as the beneficiary/recipient of καταστησόμενος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 4 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | Variant/prepositional form of εἰς. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Substantivized regional name, governed by ἐς. |
| 5 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | DA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Παυσανίας | det | high | |
| 7 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Postposed subject. |
| 8 | Θρασυβούλῳ | Θρασύβουλος | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πολέμιος | obl | high | Dative of opposition/hostility. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 Ἀθηναίοις | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Θρασυβούλῳ | conj | high | Coordinated with Θρασυβούλῳ. |
| 11 | πολέμιος | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφίκετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with Pausanias; dative dependents express those opposed to him. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DAI-SMN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 13 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πολέμιος | obl | high | Dative of respect: hostile in word/statement. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 15 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DDP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 καταστησόμενος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐπιτρέπω. |
| 18 | ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-APP-DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 21 καταστησόμενος | obl | medium | Substantivized aorist passive participle: those entrusted/authorized to rule; dative relation is beneficiary/recipient. |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 20 Λυσάνδρου | case | high | |
| 20 | Λυσάνδρου | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπιτραπεῖσιν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 21 | καταστησόμενος | καθίστημι | VERB | V-FPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | Future middle participle, expressing intended or prospective action by Pausanias. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 τυραννίδα | det | high | |
| 23 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 καταστησόμενος | obj | high | |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 25 βεβαίῳ | case | high | |
| 25 | βεβαίῳ | βέβαιος | ADJ | A-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 καταστησόμενος | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter dative, idiomatically ‘securely/in certainty’; exact semantic relation is somewhat elliptical. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
καὶ μάχῃ μὲν ἐνίκησεν Ἀθηναίων τοὺς ἔχοντας τὸν Πειραιᾶ, μετὰ δὲ τὴν μάχην αὐτίκα οἱ τὸν στρατὸν ἀπάγειν οἴκαδε ἤρεσε μηδὲ ἀνοσίων ἀνδρῶν τυραννίδα αὔξοντα ἐπισπάσασθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ τὸ αἴσχιστον τῶν ὀνειδῶν.
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: ἐνίκησεν takes τοὺς ἔχοντας τὸν Πειραιᾶ, while ἤρεσε governs the infinitival complement ἀπάγειν ... and the coordinated μηδὲ ... ἐπισπάσασθαι; οἱ is the dative experiencer with ἤρεσε. The final accusative phrase τὸ αἴσχιστον τῶν ὀνειδῶν is the object of ἐπισπάσασθαι, with τῇ Σπάρτῃ as recipient. The attachment of αὔξοντα is somewhat uncertain but is treated as modifying ἀνδρῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐνίκησεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-AF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 4 ἐνίκησεν | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ. |
| 4 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχοντας | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the participial group, likely partitive/possessive. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχοντας | det | high | |
| 7 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐνίκησεν | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of ἐνίκησεν. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Πειραιᾶ | det | high | |
| 9 | Πειραιᾶ | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχοντας | obj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | _ | 14 μάχην | case | high | With accusative: temporal after. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἤρεσε | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the μέν clause. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 μάχην | det | high | |
| 14 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 αὐτίκα | obl | high | |
| 15 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 ἤρεσε | advmod | high | |
| 16 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἤρεσε | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer with impersonal ἤρεσε; form is homographic with the article. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 στρατὸν | det | high | |
| 18 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀπάγειν | obj | high | |
| 19 | ἀπάγειν | ἀπάγω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἤρεσε | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἤρεσε. |
| 20 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | ADV | _ | 19 ἀπάγειν | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘homeward’. |
| 21 | ἤρεσε | ἀρέσκω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐνίκησεν | conj | high | Impersonal predicate in the coordinated clause. |
| 22 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with ἀπάγειν under ἤρεσε. |
| 23 | ἀνοσίων | ἀνόσιος | ADJ | A-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀνδρῶν | amod | high | |
| 24 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 τυραννίδα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on τυραννίδα, ‘tyranny of impious men’. |
| 25 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 αὔξοντα | obj | medium | Accusative object of αὔξοντα, within the participial modifier. |
| 26 | αὔξοντα | αὐξάνω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | advcl | low | Likely circumstantial participle modifying the understood subject of ἐπισπάσασθαι; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 27 | ἐπισπάσασθαι | ἐπισπάω | VERB | V-AMN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 21 ἤρεσε | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of ἤρεσε. |
| 28 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | |
| 29 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | iobj | high | Dative recipient/person affected. |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 αἴσχιστον | det | high | |
| 31 | αἴσχιστον | αἰσχρός | ADJ | A-ASN-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπισπάσασθαι | obj | high | Substantivized superlative adjective. |
| 32 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 ὀνειδῶν | det | high | |
| 33 | ὀνειδῶν | ὄνειδος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 αἴσχιστον | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with the superlative. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high |