Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 3.5.5

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Passage 3.5.5

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1,970input tokens

5,763output tokens

Sentence 1

3.5.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 28
Input: 868
Output: 2,048
Total: 2,916

ἔδεισεν οὖν ὁ Παυσανίας διπλοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ πολεμίων ἀνδρῶν μεταξὺ ἀποληφθῆναι, καὶ οὕτω σπονδάς τε πρὸς τοὺς Θηβαίους ἐποιήσατο καὶ τοὺς ὑπὸ τῷ Ἁλιαρτίων τείχει πεσόντας ἀνείλετο.

ἔδεισεν takes a complementary infinitive; διπλοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ πολεμίων ἀνδρῶν is an elliptical/idiomatic genitival description of being surrounded between two enemy armies. The coordinated predicates share Παυσανίας; τοὺς πεσόντας is the object of ἀνείλετο.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔδεισεν	δείδω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἔδεισεν	discourse	high	Postpositive inferential particle.
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Παυσανίας	det	high
4	Παυσανίας	Παυσανίας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἔδεισεν	nsubj	high
5	διπλοῦ	διπλοῦς	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 στρατιωτικοῦ	amod	medium	Neuter genitive is substantival/elliptical, agreeing with στρατιωτικοῦ.
6	στρατιωτικοῦ	στρατιωτικός	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ἀνδρῶν	amod	medium	Substantival neuter genitive, probably ‘army/force’; construction is elliptical.
7	πολεμίων	πολέμιος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἀνδρῶν	amod	high
8	ἀνδρῶν	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἀποληφθῆναι	obl	medium	Genitive dependent on the elliptical military-force expression.
9	μεταξὺ	μεταξύ	ADP	PREP	_	10 ἀποληφθῆναι	case	high	Preposition governing the following infinitival phrase in the idiom.
10	ἀποληφθῆναι	ἀπολαμβάνω	VERB	V-APN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	1 ἔδεισεν	xcomp	high	Complementary aorist passive infinitive after δείδω.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔδεισεν	punct	high
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 ἐποιήσατο	cc	high	Coordinates the two main predicates.
13	οὕτω	οὕτω	ADV	ADV	_	19 ἐποιήσατο	advmod	high
14	σπονδάς	σπονδή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	19 ἐποιήσατο	obj	high
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 σπονδάς	cc	high	Postpositive enclitic coordinating σπονδάς with the following phrase.
16	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	18 Θηβαίους	case	high
17	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 Θηβαίους	det	high
18	Θηβαίους	Θηβαῖος	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἐποιήσατο	obl	high	Accusative object of πρός.
19	ἐποιήσατο	ποιέω	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	1 ἔδεισεν	conj	high	First coordinated predicate after καί.
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἀνείλετο	cc	high	Coordinates ἐποιήσατο and ἀνείλετο.
21	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 πεσόντας	det	high
22	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	24 Ἁλιαρτίων	case	high
23	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 τείχει	det	high
24	Ἁλιαρτίων	Ἁλιάρτιον	PROPN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 τείχει	nmod	high	Genitive place-name dependent on τείχει.
25	τείχει	τεῖχος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 πεσόντας	obl	high	Dative object of ὑπό in the sense ‘under/beside the wall’.
26	πεσόντας	πίπτω	VERB	V-2AAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	27 ἀνείλετο	acl	high	Substantival participle modifying τοὺς.
27	ἀνείλετο	ἀναιρέω	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	19 ἐποιήσατο	conj	high	Coordinated with ἐποιήσατο; middle voice means ‘picked up/buried/retrieved’ the fallen.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔδεισεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

3.5.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 53
Input: 1,102
Output: 3,715
Total: 4,817

τοῦτο Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν ἐγένετο οὐ κατὰ γνώμην, ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπαινῶ τῶνδε ἕνεκα τὸ βούλευμα· ἅτε γὰρ εὖ εἰδὼς ὁ Παυσανίας ὡς τὰ σφάλματα ἀεὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις γίνονται ἐν μέσῳ πολεμίων ἀποληφθεῖσι, τό τε ἐν Θερμοπύλαις καὶ ἐν τῇ Σφακτηρίᾳ νήσῳ δεῖμα ἐποιήσατο μή σφισι καὶ αὐτὸς τρίτου γένηται κακοῦ πρόφασις.

The sentence contains coordinated main predicates (ἐγένετο, ἐπαινῶ); the long ἅτε ... εἰδώς clause gives Pausanias' rationale, with an apprehensive μή-clause dependent on ἐποιήσατο.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	PD--NA-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 ἐγένετο	nsubj	high
2	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-----D-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἐγένετο	iobj	high	Dative of reference/experiencer.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	G------	_	4 ἐγένετο	advmod	high
4	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2ADI3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
5	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D-----	Polarity=Neg	4 ἐγένετο	advmod	high
6	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R------A-	_	7 γνώμην	case	high
7	γνώμην	γνώμη	NOUN	N-----A-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἐγένετο	obl	high	Κατὰ γνώμην, 'according to plan/judgment'.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐγένετο	punct	high
9	ἐγὼ	ἐγώ	PRON	P---1NS-	Case=Nom\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	11 ἐπαινῶ	nsubj	high
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 ἐπαινῶ	cc	high
11	ἐπαινῶ	ἐπαινέω	VERB	V-1SPI1S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated main clause.
12	τῶνδε	ὅδε	PRON	PD---G-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἕνεκα	nmod	medium	Genitive with ἕνεκα; refers cataphorically to the following reasons.
13	ἕνεκα	ἕνεκα	ADP	R------G-	_	12 τῶνδε	case	high	Postpositive genitive-taking adposition.
14	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NA-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἐπαινῶ	det	high
15	βούλευμα	βούλευμα	NOUN	N-----N-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἐπαινῶ	obj	high	Accusative object is expected semantically, but form is nominative neuter; likely text/normalization issue or nominative construction.
16	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἐπαινῶ	punct	high
17	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	G--------	_	20 εἰδὼς	mark	high	Causal circumstantial participial construction.
18	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	C--------	_	20 εἰδὼς	cc	high
19	εὖ	εὖ	ADV	D--------	_	20 εἰδὼς	advmod	high
20	εἰδὼς	οἶδα	VERB	V-2RAPMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	44 ἐποιήσατο	advcl	high	Perfect participle with present sense, subject ὁ Παυσανίας.
21	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-----N-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 Παυσανίας	det	high
22	Παυσανίας	Παυσανίας	PROPN	N-----N-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 εἰδὼς	nsubj	high
23	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	20 εἰδὼς	mark	high	Introduces the content of εἰδώς.
24	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----NA-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	25 σφάλματα	det	high
25	σφάλματα	σφάλμα	NOUN	N-----A-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	28 γίνονται	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of γίνονται in content clause.
26	ἀεὶ	ἀεί	ADV	D--------	_	28 γίνονται	advmod	high
27	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-----D-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 γίνονται	iobj	high	Dative of reference.
28	γίνονται	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-1PMI3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	20 εἰδὼς	ccomp	high
29	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R------D-	_	30 μέσῳ	case	high
30	μέσῳ	μέσος	NOUN	N-----D-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 ἀποληφθεῖσι	obl	high	Locative dative phrase.
31	πολεμίων	πολέμιος	ADJ	A-----G-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	30 μέσῳ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on μέσῳ, 'amid enemies'.
32	ἀποληφθεῖσι	ἀπολαμβάνω	VERB	V-APPDMP-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	28 γίνονται	advcl	medium	Dative participle agreeing with implicit/understood Lakedaemonians; syntactically may be predicative or circumstantial.
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	28 γίνονται	punct	high
34	τό	ὁ	DET	T----NA-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	43 δεῖμα	det	high	First member of τό τε ... καί enumeration.
35	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	43 δεῖμα	cc	high
36	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R------D-	_	37 Θερμοπύλαις	case	high
37	Θερμοπύλαις	Θερμοπύλαι	PROPN	N-----D-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	43 δεῖμα	nmod	high
38	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	43 δεῖμα	cc	high
39	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R------D-	_	42 νήσῳ	case	high
40	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-----D-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	41 Σφακτηρίᾳ	det	high
41	Σφακτηρίᾳ	Σφακτηρία	PROPN	N-----D-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 νήσῳ	compound	high
42	νήσῳ	νῆσος	NOUN	N-----D-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	43 δεῖμα	nmod	high	Second coordinated item, 'the fear at/on Sphacteria island'.
43	δεῖμα	δεῖμα	NOUN	N-----A-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	44 ἐποιήσατο	obj	high
44	ἐποιήσατο	ποιέω	VERB	V-1AMI3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	11 ἐπαινῶ	ccomp	high	Main predicate of the ἅτε ... εἰδώς construction.
45	μή	μή	SCONJ	C--------	Polarity=Neg	50 γένηται	mark	high	Introduces apprehensive clause.
46	σφισι	σφεῖς	PRON	P------D-P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	50 γένηται	iobj	high	Dative of reference.
47	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	48 αὐτὸς	advmod	high	Scalar/additive καί, 'also'.
48	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P-----N-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	50 γένηται	nsubj	high	Subject of γένηται, referring to the fear/deigma.
49	τρίτου	τρίτος	ADJ	A-----G-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	51 κακοῦ	amod	medium	Genitive substantive/partitive: 'of a third [misfortune]'.
50	γένηται	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AMS3S-	Mood=Sub\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	44 ἐποιήσατο	ccomp	high	Apprehensive μή-clause.
51	κακοῦ	κακός	ADJ	A-----G-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	52 πρόφασις	amod	high	Agrees with πρόφασις only in semantic relation? Morphological mismatch indicates substantive genitive phrase.
52	πρόφασις	πρόφασις	NOUN	N-----N-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 γένηται	xcomp	low	Nominal predicate/complement after γένηται; πρόφασις κακοῦ, 'occasion/pretext for misfortune'. Exact attachment of τρίτου is uncertain.
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἐπαινῶ	punct	high

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