Grammar parses for passage 3.5.4
Open translation for this passage
Παυσανίας δὲ ὑστέρησε μὲν τοῦ ἀγῶνος παρὰ Τεγεατῶν καὶ ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας τῆς ἄλλης ἀθροίζων δύναμιν· ὡς δὲ ἐς τὴν Βοιωτίαν ἀφίκετο, ἐπυνθάνετό τε τήν τε ἧτταν τῶν ὁμοῦ Λυσάνδρῳ καὶ αὐτοῦ Λυσάνδρου τὴν τελευτήν,
The sentence has a temporal ὡς-clause modifying ἐπυνθάνετο; τε ... καί coordinates the defeat of Lysander’s companions and Lysander’s death.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | Noun-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὑστέρησε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑστέρησε | ὑστερέω | VERB | Verb-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 3 ὑστέρησε | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Masc-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | Noun-Gen-Masc-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὑστέρησε | obl | high | Genitive with ὑστερέω. |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 Τεγεατῶν | case | high | |
| 8 | Τεγεατῶν | Τεγεάτης | PROPN | Noun-Gen-Masc-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὑστέρησε | obl | high | Source/group from whom he was delayed or absent. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ἀθροίζων | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 Ἀρκαδίας | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἀρκαδίας | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | Noun-Gen-Fem-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀθροίζων | obl | high | |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Fem-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄλλης | det | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλης | ἄλλος | ADJ | Adj-Gen-Fem-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀρκαδίας | amod | high | Substantivally/elliptically modifies Ἀρκαδίας. |
| 14 | ἀθροίζων | ἀθροίζω | VERB | Verb-Pres-Act-Part-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ὑστέρησε | advcl | high | Concomitant action by Παυσανίας. |
| 15 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀθροίζων | obj | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ὑστέρησε | punct | high | |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 22 ἀφίκετο | mark | high | Temporal subordinate conjunction. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 21 Βοιωτίαν | case | high | |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Βοιωτίαν | det | high | |
| 21 | Βοιωτίαν | Βοιωτία | PROPN | Noun-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 22 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | Verb-Aor-Mid-Ind-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | advcl | high | Temporal clause governed by ὡς. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἐπυνθάνετό | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | Verb-Impf-Mid-Ind-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 3 ὑστέρησε | conj | high | Main coordinated predicate after the temporal clause. |
| 25 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | cc | high | First member of correlative coordination. |
| 26 | τήν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἧτταν | det | high | |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 28 ἧτταν | cc | high | Correlative τε ... καί. |
| 28 | ἧτταν | ἧττα | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | obj | high | First coordinated object of ἐπυνθάνετο. |
| 29 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Masc-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 Λυσάνδρῳ | det | high | |
| 30 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | Adv | _ | 31 Λυσάνδρῳ | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘together/with’; construction is compressed. |
| 31 | Λυσάνδρῳ | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | Noun-Dat-Masc-Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἧτταν | nmod | medium | Genitive phrase τῶν ὁμοῦ Λυσάνδρῳ: those who were together with Lysander. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 36 τελευτήν | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects of ἐπυνθάνετο. |
| 33 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | Pron-Gen-Masc-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 34 Λυσάνδρου | nmod | high | Intensifying/identifying genitive with Λυσάνδρου. |
| 34 | Λυσάνδρου | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | Noun-Gen-Masc-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 τελευτήν | nmod | high | |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 τελευτήν | det | high | |
| 36 | τελευτήν | τελευτή | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἐπυνθάνετο. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | punct | high |
ἐπῆγε δὲ ὅμως ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας τὸν στρατὸν καὶ διενοεῖτο ὡς μάχης ἄρξων.
The subject is implicit; ἐπῆγε and διενοεῖτο share it. ὡς introduces a prospective/intentional participial clause: μάχης ἄρξων, with μάχης dependent on ἄρχω in the genitive of separation/partitive object. The exact force of ὡς is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπῆγε | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-DS | _ | 1 ἐπῆγε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D | _ | 1 ἐπῆγε | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 6 Θήβας | case | high | With accusative, directional. |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RAA-FP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 Θήβας | det | high | |
| 6 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | NP-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπῆγε | obl | high | Place name; accusative governed by ἐπί. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RAA-MS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 στρατὸν | det | high | |
| 8 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-AASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπῆγε | obj | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 διενοεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 10 | διενοεῖτο | διανοέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 1 ἐπῆγε | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect; middle/deponent usage. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G | _ | 13 ἄρξων | mark | high | Introduces an intended/prospective participial construction. |
| 12 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄρξων | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἄρχω, ‘begin/fight a battle’. |
| 13 | ἄρξων | ἄρχω | VERB | V-FAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 10 διενοεῖτο | advcl | high | Future active participle expressing intended action; implicit subject coreferential with διενοεῖτο. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπῆγε | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα οἵ τε Θηβαῖοι τὰ ἐναντία ἐτάσσοντο καὶ Θρασύβουλος ἀπέχειν οὐ πολὺ ἀπηγγέλλετο ἄγων τοὺς Ἀθηναίους·
The first coordinated clause has οἵ ... Θηβαῖοι as subject and τὰ ἐναντία as object of ἐτάσσοντο (‘were arrayed oppositely’). In the second clause, Θρασύβουλος is subject of the impersonal/passive reporting verb ἀπηγγέλλετο, with ἀπέχειν as its infinitival complement and ἄγων τοὺς Ἀθηναίους as a participial adjunct; the exact scope of πολὺ is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D--- | PronType=Dem | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | οἵ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Θηβαῖοι | det | high | Article used substantivally with τε ... καί coordination. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | cc | high | Correlative τε ... καί. |
| 4 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A--NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐναντία | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A--NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘the opposite side/things’. |
| 7 | ἐτάσσοντο | τάσσω | VERB | V- ImpfMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle voice can mean ‘were arrayed/took position’; coordination with the following clause. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | cc | high | Coordinates the two main clauses. |
| 9 | Θρασύβουλος | Θρασύβουλος | PROPN | N--NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | nsubj:pass | medium | Syntactic subject of passive ἀπηγγέλλετο; potentially the reported subject depending on discourse construal. |
| 10 | ἀπέχειν | ἀπέχω | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | ccomp | medium | Infinitival complement of ἀπηγγέλλετο; subject is understood from context. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 12 πολὺ | advmod | medium | Negates the phrase containing πολὺ/ἀπέχειν. |
| 12 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | A--NA-S | Degree=Pos | 10 ἀπέχειν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘much/far’; scope is syntactically somewhat ambiguous. |
| 13 | ἀπηγγέλλετο | ἀπαγγέλλω | VERB | V- ImpfMP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | conj | high | Imperfect passive, ‘was reported/announced’. |
| 14 | ἄγων | ἄγω | VERB | V--PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 Θρασύβουλος | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Θρασύβουλος. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀθηναίους | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἄγων | obj | high | |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high |
ἀνέμενε δὲ ἄρξαι Λακεδαιμονίους μάχης, ἄρξασι δὲ αὐτὸς ἤδη κατὰ νώτου σφίσιν ἔμελλεν ἐπικείσεσθαι.
The implicit subject of ἀνέμενε is the understood commander; Λακεδαιμονίους is the accusative subject of the infinitive ἄρξαι, while ἄρξασι is a dative plural participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίους and governing the following temporal/conditional clause. The final infinitive ἐπικείσεσθαι is complementary to ἔμελλεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέμενε | ἀναμένω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνέμενε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρξαι | ἄρχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνέμενε | xcomp | medium | Aorist active infinitive; coordinated/complementary to ἀνέμενε. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄρξαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄρξαι | obj | high | Genitive object/complement with ἄρχω, ‘begin/undertake battle’. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέμενε | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἄρξασι | ἄρχω | VERB | V-2AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔμελλεν | advcl | medium | Dative plural aorist participle, likely agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίους; temporal/conditional force. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἄρξασι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 9 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, subject of ἔμελλεν. |
| 10 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D | _ | 14 ἔμελλεν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 12 νώτου | case | high | |
| 12 | νώτου | νῶτον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπικείσεσθαι | obl | high | Genitive governed by κατά; idiomatically ‘from/at the rear’. |
| 13 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP3 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 ἐπικείσεσθαι | obl | high | Dative pronoun, ‘against/on them’ with ἐπικείσεσθαι. |
| 14 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνέμενε | conj | high | |
| 15 | ἐπικείσεσθαι | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V-PNI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἔμελλεν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέμενε | punct | high |