Grammar parses for passage 3.5.4
Open translation for this passage
Παυσανίας δὲ ὑστέρησε μὲν τοῦ ἀγῶνος παρὰ Τεγεατῶν καὶ ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας τῆς ἄλλης ἀθροίζων δύναμιν· ὡς δὲ ἐς τὴν Βοιωτίαν ἀφίκετο, ἐπυνθάνετό τε τήν τε ἧτταν τῶν ὁμοῦ Λυσάνδρῳ καὶ αὐτοῦ Λυσάνδρου τὴν τελευτήν,
The sentence has two main clauses joined by ὡς δὲ; the second clause contains coordinated objects ἧτταν and τελευτήν, with the middle genitive phrase around Λυσάνδρῳ/Λυσάνδρου being somewhat compressed and context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὑστέρησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑστέρησε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ὑστέρησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὑστέρησε | ὑστερέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 ὑστέρησε | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγῶνος | det | high | Article modifying ἀγῶνος. |
| 6 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὑστέρησε | obl | high | Genitive complement with ὑστέρησε. |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Τεγεατῶν | case | high | Introduces source/agent-like phrase. |
| 8 | Τεγεατῶν | Τεγεάτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὑστέρησε | obl | high | Genitive complement of παρά. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἐξ | cc | high | Coordinates the two prepositional phrases. |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 11 Ἀρκαδίας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀρκαδίας. |
| 11 | Ἀρκαδίας | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὑστέρησε | obl | high | Coordinate oblique phrase with παρά Τεγεατῶν. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄλλης | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλης. |
| 13 | ἄλλης | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀρκαδίας | amod | high | Attributive modifier of Ἀρκαδίας. |
| 14 | ἀθροίζων | ἀθροίζω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ὑστέρησε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Παυσανίας. |
| 15 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀθροίζων | obj | high | Object of ἀθροίζων. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ὑστέρησε | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἀφίκετο | mark | high | Marks temporal subordinate clause. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 22 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Βοιωτίαν | case | high | Preposition with motion to. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Βοιωτίαν | det | high | Article modifying Βοιωτίαν. |
| 21 | Βοιωτίαν | Βοιωτία | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἀφίκετο. |
| 22 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause headed by ὡς. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 24 | ἐπυνθάνετό | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 25 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 26 | τήν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἧτταν | det | high | Article modifying ἧτταν. |
| 27 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 28 ἧτταν | discourse | high | Correlative particle within coordinate objects. |
| 28 | ἧτταν | ἥττα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | obj | high | First object of ἐπυνθάνετο. |
| 29 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 Λυσάνδρῳ | det | high | Article modifying ὁμοῦ/phrase with Λυσάνδρῳ. |
| 30 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 31 Λυσάνδρῳ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying Λυσάνδρῳ in genitive phrase. |
| 31 | Λυσάνδρῳ | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἧτταν | nmod | medium | Likely datival reference within the genitive phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 Λυσάνδρου | cc | high | Coordinates with αὐτοῦ Λυσάνδρου. |
| 33 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 34 Λυσάνδρου | det | high | Possessive/genitive modifier of Λυσάνδρου. |
| 34 | Λυσάνδρου | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 τελευτήν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τελευτήν. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 τελευτήν | det | high | Article modifying τελευτήν. |
| 36 | τελευτήν | τελευτή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | obj | high | Second object of ἐπυνθάνετο. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπυνθάνετό | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
ἐνταῦθα οἵ τε Θηβαῖοι τὰ ἐναντία ἐτάσσοντο καὶ Θρασύβουλος ἀπέχειν οὐ πολὺ ἀπηγγέλλετο ἄγων τοὺς Ἀθηναίους·
The syntax is two coordinated clauses; in the second, ἀπέχειν is a complementary infinitive under ἀπηγγέλλετο, with ἄγων introducing an attendant participial action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | advmod | high | Adverb of place/time modifying the first clause. |
| 2 | οἵ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Θηβαῖοι | det | high | Article functioning substantively with Θηβαῖοι. |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | g-------- | _ | 2 οἵ | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle; attached to article phrase. |
| 4 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | a-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτάσσοντο. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐναντία | det | high | Article with ἐναντία. |
| 6 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | a-p---an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural, object/complement of ἐτάσσοντο. |
| 7 | ἐτάσσοντο | τάσσω | VERB | v3piim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | cc | high | Coordinates second clause to the first. |
| 9 | Θρασύβουλος | Θρασύβουλος | PROPN | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπηγγέλλετο. |
| 10 | ἀπέχειν | ἀπέχω | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἀπηγγέλλετο. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | advmod | high | Negates the following clause/infinitive phrase. |
| 12 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | d-------- | _ | 10 ἀπέχειν | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial modifier of ἀπέχειν; form could also be neuter accusative used adverbially. |
| 13 | ἀπηγγέλλετο | ἀπαγγέλλω | VERB | v3siim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause main verb; reporting verb. |
| 14 | ἄγων | ἄγω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | advcl | high | Participial attendant circumstance modifying Θρασύβουλος/ἀπηγγέλλετο. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀθηναίους | det | high | Article with Ἀθηναίους. |
| 16 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἄγων | obj | high | Object of ἄγων. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀπηγγέλλετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀνέμενε δὲ ἄρξαι Λακεδαιμονίους μάχης, ἄρξασι δὲ αὐτὸς ἤδη κατὰ νώτου σφίσιν ἔμελλεν ἐπικείσεσθαι.
The syntax is biclausal: ἀνέμενε governs both the infinitival complement ἄρξαι and the later finite clause with ἔμελλεν; the participle ἄρξασι introduces a circumstantial clause before the future infinitive ἐπικείσεσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέμενε | ἀναμένω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέμενε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρξαι | ἄρχω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνέμενε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive depending on ἀνέμενε. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄρξαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the infinitive. |
| 5 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄρξαι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of ἄρξαι, likely objective/genitive relation. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέμενε | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 7 | ἄρξασι | ἄρχω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔμελλεν | advcl | medium | Aorist participle; likely temporal/circumstantial clause introducing the second clause. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἔμελλεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 9 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἔμελλεν. |
| 10 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D | _ | 14 ἔμελλεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔμελλεν. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 12 νώτου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 12 | νώτου | νῶτος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπικείσεσθαι | obl | high | Object of κατὰ in the infinitival clause. |
| 13 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 ἐπικείσεσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of disadvantage/affected party with ἐπικείσεσθαι. |
| 14 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνέμενε | advcl | high | Second finite verb, dependent on the initial narrative verb. |
| 15 | ἐπικείσεσθαι | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V-FMN | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future infinitive complementary to ἔμελλεν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέμενε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |