Grammar parses for passage 3.5.8
Open translation for this passage
Ἀγησίπολις δὲ ἐπεὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔσχεν αὐξηθείς, Πελοποννησίων πρώτοις ἐπολέμησεν Ἀργείοις.
The temporal clause ἐπεὶ ... ἔσχεν is subordinate to ἐπολέμησεν; αὐξηθείς is a coordinated circumstantial participial adjunct sharing the subject. πρώτοις Πελοποννησίων is construed with Ἀργείοις, meaning that the Argives were the first Peloponnesians he fought.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀγησίπολις | Ἀγησίπολις | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπολέμησεν | nsubj | high | Personal name, nominative subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐπολέμησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἔσχεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinate conjunction introducing the clause with ἔσχεν. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλείαν | det | high | |
| 5 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔσχεν | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἐπολέμησεν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the temporal subordinate clause. |
| 7 | αὐξηθείς | αὐξάνω | VERB | V-APP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 ἐπολέμησεν | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with Ἀγησίπολις; circumstantial, possibly temporal ('after growing up'). |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 αὐξηθείς | punct | high | |
| 9 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πρώτοις | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, genitive plural: 'of the Peloponnesians'. |
| 10 | πρώτοις | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπολέμησεν | obl | medium | Dative plural with superlative force in context, construed with Ἀργείοις: 'the first of the Peloponnesians'. |
| 11 | ἐπολέμησεν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπολέμησεν | obl | high | Dative of the party fought against. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπολέμησεν | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Τεγεατῶν ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα ἤγαγε τὸν στρατόν, πέμπουσι κήρυκα οἱ Ἀργεῖοι σπεισόμενον πρὸς Ἀγησίπολίν σφισι πατρῴους δή τινας σπονδὰς ἐκ παλαιοῦ καθεστώσας τοῖς Δωριεῦσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους.
Temporal ὡς-clause: ἤγαγε has subject understood as Agesipolis and object στρατόν; main clause πέμπουσι has subject οἱ Ἀργεῖοι and infinitival-purpose/result participle σπεισόμενον modifying κήρυκα. The participle καθεστώσας modifies σπονδάς; πατρῴους and τινας are attributive, while σφισι is dative of advantage/reference with σπονδάς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | PronType=Rel | 9 ἤγαγε | mark | high | Temporal conjunction introducing the subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἤγαγε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Τεγεατῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Τεγεατῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | Τεγεατῶν | Τεγεάτης | PROPN | N- GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἤγαγε | obl | high | Genitive plural ethnic name after ἐκ. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἀργολίδα | case | high | Variant form ἐς of εἰς. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T- AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀργολίδα | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀργολίδα | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | N- AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἤγαγε | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 9 | ἤγαγε | ἄγω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 πέμπουσι | advcl | high | Finite verb of the temporal ὡς-clause; subject is understood as Agesipolis. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T- ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 στρατόν | det | high | |
| 11 | στρατόν | στρατός | NOUN | N- ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἤγαγε | obj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἤγαγε | punct | high | |
| 13 | πέμπουσι | πέμπω | VERB | V-3PAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | κήρυκα | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N- ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πέμπουσι | obj | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N- NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πέμπουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | σπεισόμενον | σπένδω | VERB | V-AMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 κήρυκα | acl | high | Future-oriented purpose participle modifying κήρυκα. |
| 18 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Ἀγησίπολίν | case | high | |
| 19 | Ἀγησίπολίν | Ἀγησίπολις | PROPN | N- ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 σπεισόμενον | obl | high | Person addressed/negotiated with after πρός. |
| 20 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 24 σπονδὰς | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage, probably referring to the Argives. |
| 21 | πατρῴους | πατρῷος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 σπονδὰς | amod | high | |
| 22 | δή | δή | PART | PART | _ | 23 τινας | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 23 | τινας | τις | DET | PX-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 24 σπονδὰς | det | high | Indefinite determiner modifying σπονδάς. |
| 24 | σπονδὰς | σπονδή | NOUN | N- APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 σπεισόμενον | obj | high | Object of the purpose participle σπεισόμενον. |
| 25 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 παλαιοῦ | case | high | |
| 26 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A- GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 καθεστώσας | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter genitive, likely temporal: ‘from ancient times’. |
| 27 | καθεστώσας | καθίστημι | VERB | V-2RAPF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 σπονδὰς | acl | high | Perfect active participle agreeing with σπονδάς; ‘having been established’. |
| 28 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T- DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 Δωριεῦσι | det | high | |
| 29 | Δωριεῦσι | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N- DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 καθεστώσας | obl | high | Dative complement/reference with the established agreements. |
| 30 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 ἀλλήλους | case | high | |
| 31 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 27 καθεστώσας | obl | high | Reciprocal complement: ‘with one another’. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 πέμπουσι | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ οὔτε τῷ κήρυκι ἐσπείσατο καὶ προϊὼν ὁμοῦ τῇ στρατιᾷ τὴν γῆν ἔφθειρεν·
The sentence coordinates ἐσπείσατο and ἔφθειρεν; προϊών is a circumstantial participle modifying the understood subject, with ὁμοῦ τῇ στρατιᾷ meaning ‘together with the army’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐσπείσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐσπείσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐσπείσατο | cc | high | Correlative negative coordinator; the paired second οὔτε is implicit or contextually supplied. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κήρυκι | det | high | |
| 5 | κήρυκι | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐσπείσατο | iobj | high | Dative with σπένδομαι, ‘make a truce with’. |
| 6 | ἐσπείσατο | σπένδω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-MD | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἔφθειρεν | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite predicates. |
| 8 | προϊὼν | πρόειμι | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἔφθειρεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject understood as ὁ. |
| 9 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 προϊὼν | advmod | high | ‘Together/along with’ used adverbially with the dative. |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 στρατιᾷ | det | high | |
| 11 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 προϊὼν | obl | high | Dative complement of ὁμοῦ. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-DFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γῆν | det | high | |
| 13 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔφθειρεν | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἔφθειρεν | φθείρω | VERB | V-IAI-3S-ACT | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 ἐσπείσατο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; subject is shared with ἐσπείσατο. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐσπείσατο | punct | high |
ἔσεισέ τε δὴ ὁ θεὸς καὶ ὁ Ἀγησίπολις οὐδʼ οὕτω τὴν δύναμιν ἀπάξειν ἔμελλε, καίτοι Λακεδαιμονίοις μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων---ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις---δεῖμα αἱ διοσημεῖαι παρείχοντο.
The sentence coordinates two clauses: ἔσεισε governs θεός, while Ἀγησίπολις is subject of the infinitive ἀπάξειν with ἔμελλε; δεῖμα is subject of παρείχοντο, with αἱ διοσημεῖαι as the source/agent in the plural. The dashes are punctuation tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔσεισέ | σείω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Simple|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 5 θεὸς | conj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 ἔσεισέ | cc | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D | _ | 1 ἔσεισέ | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 5 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 παρείχοντο | parataxis | medium | Coordinated first-clause predicate/subject relation in a compressed narrative sequence. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 θεὸς | cc | high | |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀγησίπολις | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀγησίπολις | Ἀγησίπολις | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔμελλε | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | οὐδʼ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C | Polarity=Neg | 13 ἀπάξειν | advmod | medium | Elided οὐδέ; negative connective modifying the infinitival predication. |
| 10 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 13 ἀπάξειν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 δύναμιν | det | high | |
| 12 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπάξειν | obj | high | |
| 13 | ἀπάξειν | ἀπάγω | VERB | V-FAI | Aspect=Simple|Mood=Inf|Tense=Future|Voice=Act | 14 ἔμελλε | xcomp | high | |
| 14 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Simple|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 33 παρείχοντο | parataxis | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔμελλε | punct | high | |
| 16 | καίτοι | καίτοι | ADV | D | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | advmod | high | Concessive discourse adverb. |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 δεῖμα | iobj | medium | Dative of the persons to whom fear was provided. |
| 18 | μάλιστα | μάλα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 17 Λακεδαιμονίοις | advmod | high | |
| 19 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 μάλιστα | obl | medium | Partitive/comparative genitive with μάλιστα. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | punct | high | |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | punct | high | |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | punct | high | |
| 23 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | D | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | advmod | high | |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | cc | high | |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 26 Ἀθηναίοις | cc | high | |
| 26 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Λακεδαιμονίοις | conj | high | Coordinated dative recipient/source group with Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | punct | high | |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | punct | high | |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | punct | high | |
| 30 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 παρείχοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 31 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 διοσημεῖαι | det | high | |
| 32 | διοσημεῖαι | διοσημεία | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 παρείχοντο | nsubj | high | Plural subject/source of παρείχοντο; δεῖμα is the object provided. |
| 33 | παρείχοντο | παρέχω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Aspect=Simple|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 παρείχοντο | punct | high |