Grammar parses for passage 3.5.9
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ὁ μὲν ὑπὸ τὸ τεῖχος κατεστρατοπεδεύετο ἤδη τὸ Ἀργείων καὶ οὐ παρίει σείων ὁ θεὸς καί τινες καὶ ἀπώλοντο τῶν στρατιωτῶν κεραυνωθέντες, τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἔκφρονας ἐποίησαν αἱ βρονταί.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: τὸ Ἀργείων is an attributive/genitival specification of τεῖχος, while οὐ παρίει has θεός as subject and σείων as a participial adjunct; the final τοὺς refers to understood soldiers or men affected by the thunderclaps. The coordination around καί is textually and syntactically difficult.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | det | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 6 τεῖχος | case | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 6 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | obl | high | Object of ὑπό in a locative sense. |
| 7 | κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | καταστρατοπεδεύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀργείων | det | medium | Likely part of the phrase τὸ Ἀργείων; agreement is anomalous if construed directly with τεῖχος. |
| 10 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τεῖχος | nmod | medium | Genitive specification, probably ‘of the Argives’; token 9 may reflect a textual or syntactic irregularity. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 παρίει | cc | high | |
| 12 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 13 παρίει | advmod | high | |
| 13 | παρίει | παρίημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is θεός. |
| 14 | σείων | σείω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 παρίει | advcl | medium | Participial adjunct, likely describing the god’s shaking/thundering action. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 16 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρίει | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀπώλοντο | cc | medium | Coordinates the following clause or phrase within the compressed narrative. |
| 18 | τινες | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 20 ἀπώλοντο | nsubj | high | Indefinite plural subject. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀπώλοντο | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘also/even’ rather than a clear second conjunct. |
| 20 | ἀπώλοντο | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 στρατιωτῶν | det | high | |
| 22 | στρατιωτῶν | στρατιώτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 τινες | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive with τινες. |
| 23 | κεραυνωθέντες | κεραυνόω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ἀπώλοντο | advcl | high | Predicative/causal participle agreeing with τινες. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἀπώλοντο | punct | high | |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐποίησαν | obj | medium | Substantivized article, object of ἐποίησαν; antecedent is understood soldiers/men. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ἐποίησαν | cc | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | PART | _ | _ | 28 ἔκφρονας | advmod | high | Intensifying ‘even/also’. |
| 28 | ἔκφρονας | ἔκφρων | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐποίησαν | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of the object. |
| 29 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | conj | high | Final coordinated finite verb; subject is understood from context, likely the thunderclaps. |
| 30 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 βρονταί | det | high | |
| 31 | βρονταί | βροντή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 ἐποίησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | punct | high |
οὕτω μὲν δὴ ἐκ τῆς Ἀργολίδος ἀνέζευξεν ἄκων, ἐπὶ δὲ Ὀλυνθίους ἐποιεῖτο αὖθις στρατείαν.
The sentence has a coordinated pair of finite clauses: ἀνέζευξεν governs the concessive/constraint-like ἄκων and the ἐκ-phrase, while ἐποιεῖτο governs στρατείαν with ἐπί + accusative; μὲν ... δὲ marks the contrast. The subject is implicit and contextually masculine singular.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G------- | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G------- | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀργολίδος | case | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S----GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀργολίδος | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀργολίδος | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | Ne----F-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | obl | high | Region name. |
| 7 | ἀνέζευξεν | ἀναζεύγνυμι | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἄκων | ἄκων | ADJ | A--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | advcl | medium | Predicative circumstantial nominative, ‘unwillingly’; may alternatively be treated as an adjectival secondary predicate. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ὀλυνθίους | case | high | With accusative here, indicating direction/target. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μὲν. |
| 12 | Ὀλυνθίους | Ὀλύνθιος | PROPN | Ne----MP-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | obl | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘the Olynthians’. |
| 13 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | conj | high | Middle idiom ποιεῖσθαι στρατείαν, ‘make/undertake a campaign’. |
| 14 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | advmod | high | |
| 15 | στρατείαν | στρατεία | NOUN | N----FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | obj | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | punct | high |
κρατοῦντα δὲ αὐτὸν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ᾑρηκότα τῶν τε ἄλλων πόλεων τῶν ἐν Χαλκιδεῦσι τὰς πολλὰς καὶ αὐτὴν ἐλπίζοντα αἱρήσειν τὴν Ὄλυνθον νόσος τε ἐξαίφνης καὶ θάνατος ἐπέλαβεν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς.
The sentence has coordinated accusative participles describing the subject αὐτόν; the main clause is νόσος τε καὶ θάνατος ἐπέλαβεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κρατοῦντα | κρατέω | VERB | PAPtcp-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with αὐτόν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 κρατοῦντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of participial predication. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 κρατοῦντα | obl | high | Dative of means or sphere. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ᾑρηκότα | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 7 | ᾑρηκότα | αἱρέω | VERB | XAPtcp-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 1 κρατοῦντα | conj | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἄλλων | cc | high | Part of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 10 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πόλεων | amod | high | |
| 11 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ᾑρηκότα | obj | high | Partitive genitive with τὰς πολλὰς. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 Χαλκιδεῦσι | det | high | Article introducing the ἐν Χαλκιδεῦσι phrase. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Χαλκιδεῦσι | case | high | |
| 14 | Χαλκιδεῦσι | Χαλκιδεύς | PROPN | N-DFP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 11 πόλεων | nmod | medium | Ethnic name, likely ‘in/among the Chalcidians’; article agreement is difficult. |
| 15 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 πολλὰς | det | high | |
| 16 | πολλὰς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ᾑρηκότα | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the many’. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 αὐτὴν | cc | high | Coordinates αὐτήν with τὰς πολλὰς. |
| 18 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-AAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐλπίζοντα | obj | high | Object of ἐλπίζοντα. |
| 19 | ἐλπίζοντα | ἐλπίζω | VERB | PAPtcp-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 κρατοῦντα | conj | high | Participial predicate coordinated with κρατοῦντα and ᾑρηκότα. |
| 20 | αἱρήσειν | αἱρέω | VERB | XAFin | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 19 ἐλπίζοντα | xcomp | high | Future infinitive in indirect expectation. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Ὄλυνθον | det | high | |
| 22 | Ὄλυνθον | Ὄλυνθος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 αἱρήσειν | obj | high | |
| 23 | νόσος | νόσος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 θάνατος | cc | high | Coordinates νόσος and θάνατος. |
| 25 | ἐξαίφνης | ἐξαίφνης | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | advmod | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 θάνατος | cc | high | Coordinates θάνατος with νόσος. |
| 27 | θάνατος | θάνατος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 νόσος | conj | high | |
| 28 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 29 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 30 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | obl | high | Source/separation phrase, ‘from it/her’. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high |