Grammar parses for passage 3.5.9
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ὁ μὲν ὑπὸ τὸ τεῖχος κατεστρατοπεδεύετο ἤδη τὸ Ἀργείων καὶ οὐ παρίει σείων ὁ θεὸς καί τινες καὶ ἀπώλοντο τῶν στρατιωτῶν κεραυνωθέντες, τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἔκφρονας ἐποίησαν αἱ βρονταί.
The syntax is heavily paratactic, with several coordinated verbs and participial adjuncts; token 10 and the final accusative ἔκφρονας are especially context-sensitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction introducing the clause. |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=NOM|Definite=Def|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | nsubj | high | Article functioning as subject with μὲν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 ὁ | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 6 τεῖχος | case | high | Preposition governing the noun phrase. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Definite=Def|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG | 6 τεῖχος | det | high | Article modifying τεῖχος. |
| 6 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | obl | high | Object of ὑπό in a locative phrase. |
| 7 | κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | καταστρατοπεδεύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the verb. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Definite=Def|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG | 10 Ἀργείων | det | high | Article with the following genitive phrase. |
| 10 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργείος | PROPN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | obl | medium | Likely genitive of reference/association; phrase is textually difficult. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 παρίει | cc | high | Coordinates the following verb within the clause. |
| 12 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 13 παρίει | advmod | high | Negation of παρίει. |
| 13 | παρίει | παρίημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | conj | high | Coordinated verb with the preceding main clause. |
| 14 | σείων | σείω | VERB | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 παρίει | advcl | high | Participial modifier of the implicit subject θεός. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=NOM|Definite=Def|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 16 θεὸς | det | high | Article with θεὸς. |
| 16 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 14 σείων | nsubj | high | Subject of σείων. |
| 17 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 τινες | cc | high | Coordinates τινες. |
| 18 | τινες | τις | PRON | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 20 ἀπώλοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπώλοντο. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀπώλοντο | cc | high | Links the clause to the preceding material. |
| 20 | ἀπώλοντο | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 κατεστρατοπεδεύετο | conj | high | Coordinated verb, semantically continuing the narrative. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=GEN|Definite=Def|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 22 στρατιωτῶν | det | high | Article with στρατιωτῶν. |
| 22 | στρατιωτῶν | στρατιώτης | NOUN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 20 ἀπώλοντο | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τινες/ἀπώλοντο, partitive or descriptive. |
| 23 | κεραυνωθέντες | κεραυνόω | VERB | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=PL|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ἀπώλοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying τινες. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐποίησαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Definite=Def|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 28 ἔκφρονας | det | high | Article with ἔκφρονας. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 29 ἐποίησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive contrastive particle. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ἔκφρονας | cc | high | Connects the adjective phrase in the final clause. |
| 28 | ἔκφρονας | ἔκφρων | ADJ | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 29 ἐποίησαν | obj | medium | Predicative/object complement with ἐποίησαν; accusative plural masculine as written. |
| 29 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the final clause. |
| 30 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=NOM|Definite=Def|Gender=FEM|Number=PL | 31 βρονταί | det | high | Article with βρονταί. |
| 31 | βρονταί | βροντή | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=PL | 29 ἐποίησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησαν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐποίησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὕτω μὲν δὴ ἐκ τῆς Ἀργολίδος ἀνέζευξεν ἄκων, ἐπὶ δὲ Ὀλυνθίους ἐποιεῖτο αὖθις στρατείαν.
Two coordinate clauses with μέν ... δέ; ἄκων is treated as an adverbial predicative modifier despite adjectival form.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | advmod | high | Modifies the main verb with manner/resultative sense. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle introducing μέν ... δέ contrast. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G--------- | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle attached to the clause. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 6 Ἀργολίδος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-s---fg-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀργολίδος | det | high | Definite article modifying Ἀργολίδος. |
| 6 | Ἀργολίδος | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 7 | ἀνέζευξεν | ἀναζεύγνυμι | VERB | V-3aia--s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | ἄκων | ἄκων | ADJ | A-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | advcl | medium | Adverbial participial adjective, 'unwillingly'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνέζευξεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 12 Ὀλυνθίους | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | discourse | high | Clausal connective in μέν ... δέ pairing. |
| 12 | Ὀλυνθίους | Ὀλύνθιος | PROPN | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐπί. |
| 13 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-3viie-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause; likely historic imperfect middle. |
| 14 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D--------- | _ | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐποιεῖτο. |
| 15 | στρατείαν | στρατεία | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποιεῖτο. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐποιεῖτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κρατοῦντα δὲ αὐτὸν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ᾑρηκότα τῶν τε ἄλλων πόλεων τῶν ἐν Χαλκιδεῦσι τὰς πολλὰς καὶ αὐτὴν ἐλπίζοντα αἱρήσειν τὴν Ὄλυνθον νόσος τε ἐξαίφνης καὶ θάνατος ἐπέλαβεν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς.
The sentence has a long accusative participial chain dependent on the object αὐτόν, followed by a new main clause with coordinated subjects νόσος and θάνατος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κρατοῦντα | κρατέω | VERB | PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | advcl | high | Participial circumstance modifying the main verb; accusative agrees with αὐτόν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 κρατοῦντα | obj | high | Object of κρατοῦντα. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 πολέμῳ | det | high | Article with πολέμῳ. |
| 5 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 κρατοῦντα | obl | high | Dative of means/association with κρατοῦντα. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 κρατοῦντα | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 7 | ᾑρηκότα | αἱρέω | VERB | VPR-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 κρατοῦντα | conj | high | Second coordinated participle agreeing with αὐτόν. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πόλεων | det | high | Article with πόλεων. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 7 ᾑρηκότα | cc | medium | Correlative/connecting particle with καὶ. |
| 10 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πόλεων | amod | high | Modifier of πόλεων. |
| 11 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ᾑρηκότα | obl | high | Partitive/genitive complement of ᾑρηκότα. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πόλεων | det | high | Article introducing relative participial phrase. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 14 Χαλκιδεῦσι | case | high | Preposition governing Χαλκιδεῦσι. |
| 14 | Χαλκιδεῦσι | Χαλκιδεύς | PROPN | Np-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πόλεων | nmod | high | Embedded locative modifier of πόλεων. |
| 15 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πόλεων | det | high | Article with πολλὰς. |
| 16 | πολλὰς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πόλεων | amod | high | Attributive adjective of πόλεων, understood with ellipsis/cross-reference in the genitive phrase. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ᾑρηκότα | cc | high | Coordinates with προηγούμενον participle. |
| 18 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐλπίζοντα | obj | high | Object of ἐλπίζοντα. |
| 19 | ἐλπίζοντα | ἐλπίζω | VERB | PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 κρατοῦντα | conj | high | Third coordinated participle agreeing with αὐτόν. |
| 20 | αἱρήσειν | αἱρέω | VERB | VFA | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἐλπίζοντα | xcomp | high | Future infinitive complementary to ἐλπίζοντα. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Ὄλυνθον | det | high | Article with Ὄλυνθον. |
| 22 | Ὄλυνθον | Ὄλυνθος | PROPN | Np-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 αἱρήσειν | obj | high | Object of the infinitive αἱρήσειν. |
| 23 | νόσος | νόσος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | nsubj | high | First of two coordinated subjects. |
| 24 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 23 νόσος | cc | medium | Correlative with καὶ. |
| 25 | ἐξαίφνης | ἐξαίφνης | ADV | D | _ | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 νόσος | cc | high | Coordinates the subjects. |
| 27 | θάνατος | θάνατος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 νόσος | conj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 28 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | VAAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 29 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 30 αὐτῆς | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 30 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | obl | high | Ablatival/ source complement with ἀπό. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |