Grammar parses for passage 3.6.3
Open translation for this passage
Κλεωνύμῳ δὲ ἀπελαθέντι τῆς βασιλείας περισσῶς δή τι ὁ θυμὸς ᾤδει, καὶ αὐτὸν οἱ ἔφοροι καὶ ἄλλοις γέρασι ψυχαγωγοῦντες καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἐφιστάντες ἄρχοντα παρῆγον μή ποτε πολέμιον γενέσθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ.
Κλεωνύμῳ ἀπελαθέντι is a dative absolute; θυμός is subject of ᾤδει, while οἱ ἔφοροι καὶ ἄλλοις γέρασι ψυχαγωγοῦντες καὶ ... ἐφιστάντες are the subject of παρῆγον, with αὐτόν and ἄρχοντα as its object/predicative complement. μή ποτε πολέμιον γενέσθαι is an infinitival fear-prevention complement; attachment of τι is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεωνύμῳ | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | Neut.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπελαθέντι | obl:abs | high | Dative absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ᾤδει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπελαθέντι | ἀπελαύνω | VERB | V.Aor.PPassP.Dat.Sg.Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 ᾤδει | advcl:abs | high | Aorist passive participle in dative absolute. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλείας | det | high | |
| 5 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπελαθέντι | obl | high | Genitive of separation. |
| 6 | περισσῶς | περισσῶς | ADV | Adv | _ | 11 ᾤδει | advmod | high | |
| 7 | δή | δή | PART | PART | _ | 8 τι | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle, attached to the indefinite expression. |
| 8 | τι | τις | PRON | Indef.N.Acc.Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 6 περισσῶς | advmod | medium | Adverbial/neuter accusative, intensifying περισσῶς; exact scope uncertain. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art.Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 θυμὸς | det | high | |
| 10 | θυμὸς | θυμός | NOUN | N.Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ᾤδει | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ᾤδει | οἰδέω | VERB | V. Impf.Act.Ind.3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect metaphorically means 'was swollen/resentful'. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ᾤδει | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 παρῆγον | cc | high | Coordinates the following participial construction with the preceding clause. |
| 14 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P.Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 27 παρῆγον | obj | high | Object of παρῆγον. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἔφοροι | det | high | |
| 16 | ἔφοροι | ἔφορος | NOUN | N.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 παρῆγον | nsubj | high | Subject of παρῆγον. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἄλλοις | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A.Dat.Pl.Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 γέρασι | amod | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 19 | γέρασι | γέρας | NOUN | N.Dat.Pl.Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ψυχαγωγοῦντες | obl | high | Means by which they entertained him. |
| 20 | ψυχαγωγοῦντες | ψυχαγωγέω | VERB | V.Pres.Act.Part.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 παρῆγον | advcl | high | Participial adjunct agreeing with οἱ ἔφοροι. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἐφιστάντες | cc | high | Coordinates the two participles. |
| 22 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 δυνάμεσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 23 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | Art.Dat.Pl.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 δυνάμεσιν | det | high | |
| 24 | δυνάμεσιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N.Dat.Pl.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφιστάντες | obl | high | Object of ἐφίστημι with ἐπί. |
| 25 | ἐφιστάντες | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V.Pres.Act.Part.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 παρῆγον | advcl | high | Second participial adjunct agreeing with οἱ ἔφοροι. |
| 26 | ἄρχοντα | ἄρχων | NOUN | N.Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 παρῆγον | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of αὐτόν under παρῆγον. |
| 27 | παρῆγον | παράγω | VERB | V.Impf.Act.Ind.3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 ᾤδει | conj | high | Coordinated with ᾤδει; subject οἱ ἔφοροι. |
| 28 | μή | μή | PART | PART | _ | 31 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Negative particle with infinitive. |
| 29 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | ADV | _ | 31 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Indefinite temporal adverb. |
| 30 | πολέμιον | πολέμιος | ADJ | A.Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with αὐτόν understood as subject of the infinitive. |
| 31 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V.Aor.MP.Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 27 παρῆγον | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement expressing feared potential outcome. |
| 32 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | |
| 33 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 πολέμιον | obl | high | Dative of disadvantage/hostility: inimical to Sparta. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ᾤδει | punct | high |
τέλος δὲ ὁ μὲν πολλά τε καὶ ἐχθρὰ ἐς τὴν πατρίδα ἐτόλμησε καὶ Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου σφίσιν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς τὴν χώραν·
The correlative μέν anticipates an omitted or later δέ clause; πολλά τε καὶ ἐχθρά is an accusative object of ἐτόλμησε, while Πύρρον is the object of ἐπηγάγετο and σφίσιν is its dative of disadvantage/association. The second ἐς-phrase expresses bringing Pyrrhus into the country.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέλος | τέλος | ADV | D-A-- | Degree=Pos | 12 ἐτόλμησε | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘finally/at last’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐτόλμησε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μὲν | det | high | Article substantivizing the μέν phrase; subject is elliptical/continued. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 12 ἐτόλμησε | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with its contrasting δέ clause understood or following. |
| 5 | πολλά | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἐτόλμησε | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated with ἐχθρά. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 5 πολλά | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐχθρὰ | cc | high | Coordinates ἐχθρά with πολλά. |
| 8 | ἐχθρὰ | ἐχθρός | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πολλά | conj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated with πολλά. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πατρίδα | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν πατρίδα. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πατρίδα | det | high | |
| 11 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐτόλμησε | obl | high | Goal/target of the daring actions: ‘against/toward the fatherland’. |
| 12 | ἐτόλμησε | τολμάω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite verb. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐπηγάγετο | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite predicates. |
| 14 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπηγάγετο | obj | high | Object of ἐπηγάγετο. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Πύρρον | det | high | |
| 16 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Πύρρον | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son/descendant of Aeacidas’. |
| 17 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---D--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἐπηγάγετο | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural dative, likely dative of disadvantage or involvement. |
| 18 | ἐπηγάγετο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐτόλμησε | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; middle voice means ‘brought upon/induced’. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 χώραν | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν χώραν. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 χώραν | det | high | |
| 21 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπηγάγετο | obl | high | Goal of bringing Pyrrhus: ‘into the country’. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐτόλμησε | punct | high |